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Formal representation of GRAFCET to automatically generate control code

control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2014年 33卷 84-93页

作者： Schumacher, Frank Fay, Alexander Univ Hamburg Inst Automat Technol D-22043 Hamburg Germany

Within the engineering of control code, model-based approaches become more and more important. Basically GRAFCET serves as a suitable modeling language but lacks an exhaustive formal representation of its structure and dynamic behavior since current approaches only consider subclasses of GRAFCET. Within this article the authors depict a systematic approach for an exhaustive formal model of GRAFCET, specifically by taking enclosing steps, forcing orders and time constraints into account. Based on this formal model of GRAFCET a method together with a tool framework are presented allowing for the automatic generation of control code. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling language GRAFCET Formalization control code Programmable logic controller

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One Division-Multiplexed of control code Based on Quantum Secure Direct Communication 10th

One Division-Multiplexed of Control Code Based on Quantum Se...

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10th European-Alliance-for-Innovation (EAI) International Wireless Internet Conference (WiCON)

作者： Liu, Jinlong Wu, Zhilu Zhao, Jianbo Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Harbin 150006 Heilongjiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783319908021;9783319908014

As a subject of the quantum information science, Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) has been different from Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), QSDC makes the cryptograph to be transmitted directly in the quantum channel. Quantum non-cloning theorem and the indeterminacy principle insure its security. So QSDC has an important research value for the quantum communication. This letter proposed one division-multiplexed of the control code based on QSDC, the simulation is realized, utilizes the division-multiplexed of the control code to encrypt the quantum subsequence, and further improves the security. Two steps of the quantum communication are optimized to be one step. The division-multiplexed of the control code improves the efficiency of QSDC.

关键词： QSDC Division-multiplexed control code Order-rearrangement

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Efficient Test Data Compression Achieved by Reduced control code

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Procedia Engineering 2012年 38卷 680-684页

作者： S. Saravanan R. Vijay Sai A. Balasubramaniyan R. Silambamuthan G. Dinesh Babu E. Deepa School of Computing (SOC) SASTRA UNIVERSITY Thanjavur-613401 India M.Tech VLSI Design School of Computing (SOC) SASTRA UNIVERSITY Thanjavur

Test data compression is a major scenario in all system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs for reducing the volume of the test data. The volume of the test data directly affects the cost of SOC design. Many compression techniques have been proposed to achieve better compression. Although all the techniques proposed are applied only for those test data having larger number of unspecified bits (X's), it is not able to achieve better compression for those test data having larger number of specified values (0's and 1's). In this paper a new compression technique is proposed to achieve higher compression for test data having larger number of specified values by reducing the size of the control code. In this method the length of the control code is significantly reduced. The proposed technique is applied on ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits and its results are compared with existing method

关键词： Test data compression control code Specified and Unspecified bits

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Design Patterns for Separating Fault Handling from control code in Discrete Manufacturing Systems

Design Patterns for Separating Fault Handling from Control C...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Michael Steinegger Alois Zoitl Martin Fein Georg Schitter Automation and Control Institute Vienna University of Technology Fortiss GmbH

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902255

The objective of this paper is to propose a methodology for strictly separating fault detection and fault handling methods from control code in discrete manufacturing systems. In order to enable the separation, two different design patterns are elaborated. Based on an analysis of typical faults in manufacturing systems, a library of reusable function blocks for fault detection, handling, and also fault recovery is developed. These function blocks are implemented according to the international standard IEC 61499 and are applied within the design patterns. The design patterns are evaluated with the sequential control of an injection molding machine. It is shown, that the design patterns simplify the engineering and the separation of the fault detection and fault handling from control code significantly, since they provide clear design rules. Applying the proposed design patterns reduces the complexity of industrial control applications drastically. Furthermore, the function block library provides reusable and proven fault detection and fault handling methods.

关键词： design pattern fault handling Defect detection control code Manufacturing systems sequential control failure recovery Reusable

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Time and control code

Time and control code

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标准类型：法国标准

La présente Norme internationale spécifie un code temporel et une commande numérique destinés aux systèmes de télévision, films et systèmes audio annexes, fonctionnant à de... 详细信息

标准号: NF C97-105-2012

La présente Norme internationale spécifie un code temporel et une commande numérique destinés aux systèmes de télévision, films et systèmes audio annexes, fonctionnant à des fréquences image nominales de 60, 59,94, 50, 30, 29,97, 25, 24 et 23, 98 images par seconde. La présente Norme internationale spécifie une structure d'adresse temporelle, de groupes binaires et de bits drapeaux. La norme spécifie en outre une affectation des drapeaux des groupes binaires, un transport linéaire du code temporel et un transport du code temporel dans l'intervalle *** présente Norme internationale définit des structures primaires de transport de données pour un code temporel linéaire (LTC) et pour un code temporel dans l'intervalle vertical (VITC, Vertical Interval Time code). La présente Norme spécifie la modulation et la synchronisation du code temporel linéaire pour tous les formats vidéo. La présente Norme définit aussi la modulation et l'emplacement du code temporel dans l'intervalle vertical pour les seuls systèmes composites analogiques et en composantes 525/59,94 et 625/50.

关键词： codes control characters control code Definitions Digital Electrical engineering LTC Modulation Picture recording Recording Recording engineering Recording systems Sound recording Television Television receivers Time codes Video Video engineering Video equipment Video recording Video recording systems Video signals Video tape recorders Video tapes VITC

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VARIABLE-RATE CODING FOR METEOR-BURST COMMUNICATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1989年第11期37卷 1105-1112页

作者： PURSLEY, MB SANDBERG, SD Coordinated Science Laboratory and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

The performance of variable-rate Reed-Solomon error-control coding for meteor-burst communications is considered. The code rate is allowed to vary from codeword to codeword within each packet, and the optimum number of codewords per packet and optimum rates for the codewords are determined as a function of the length of the message and the decay rate for the meteor trail. The resulting performance is compared to that obtained from, fixed-rate coding. Of central importance is the derivation of tractable expressions for the probability of correct decoding for bounded-distance decoding on a memoryless channel with a time-varying symbol error probability. A throughout measure is developed that is based on the probability distribution of the initial signal-to-noise ratio.

关键词： derivation codeword Packet optimum number DECODING control code Error probability code rate METEOR TRAILS Memoryless channel Probability distribution decay rates

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Emulation-based control of a disassembly system for LCD monitors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2009年第3-4期40卷 383-392页

作者： Kim, H. -J. Kernbaum, S. Seliger, G. Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Tech Univ Berlin Dept Assembly Technol & Factory Management Inst Machine Tools & Factory Management D-10587 Berlin Germany

Growing environmental concern and increasing responsibility towards product stewardship lead companies to institute new concepts to improve the environmental performance of their products and processes. Particularly, end-of-life treatment of waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) is a challenge due to rapidly changing technologies and strongly growing volumes. Disassembly has great importance as a preliminary stage for a high-quality recycling. A partly automated disassembly system could adapt to a large variety of products and different degrees of devaluation. But developing control systems still require customization for each different product and process. Testing of them is a difficult and time-consuming process, and often impossible until all the equipment has been installed. Modern simulation technology allows one to connect simulation models with real controller systems. This paper will introduce advantages of an emulation approach for the control logic development and validation. The approach will be applied on a hybrid disassembly system for LCD monitors.

关键词： Disassembly Liquid crystal display control code Programmable logic controller Emulation OLE for process control

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A Parallelization Approach for Hard Real-Time Systems and Its Application on Two Industrial Programs

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 2016年第6期44卷 1296-1336页

作者： Frieb, Martin Jahr, Ralf Ozaktas, Haluk Hugl, Andreas Regler, Hans Ungerer, Theo Univ Augsburg Dept Comp Sci D-86135 Augsburg Germany Univ Toulouse 3 118 Route Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France BAUER Maschinen GmbH BAUER Str 1 D-86529 Schrobenhausen Germany

Applications in industry often have grown and improved over many years. Since their performance demands increase, they also need to benefit from the availability of multi-core processors. However, a reimplementation from scratch and even a restructuring of these industrial applications is very expensive, often due to high certification efforts. Therefore, a strategy for a systematic parallelization of legacy code is needed. We present a parallelization approach for hard real-time systems, which ensures a high reusage of legacy code and preserves timing analysability. To show its applicability, we apply it on the core algorithm of an avionics application as well as on the control program of a large construction machine. We create models of the legacy programs showing the potential of parallelism, optimize them and change the source codes accordingly. The parallelized applications are placed on a predictable multi-core processor with up to 18 cores. For evaluation, we compare the worst case execution times and their speedups. Furthermore, we analyse limitations coming up at the parallelization process.

关键词： Parallelization Parallelization approach Model-based Parallel design patterns Algorithmic skeletons Real-time Embedded control code Case study

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Transformation of GRAFCET to PLC code including hierarchical structures

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2017年 64卷 173-194页

作者： Julius, Robert Schuerenberg, Max Schumacher, Frank Fay, Alexander Helmut Schmidt Univ Inst Automat Technol Holstenhofweg 85 D-22043 Hamburg Germany

GRAFCET is an advantageous modelling language for the specification of controllers in discrete event systems. It allows for hierarchically structuring a control program's specification based on the elements enclosing steps, partial-Grafcets and forcing orders. A method is already available for the automatic transformation of Grafcets(1) into PLC code but this method cannot keep the hierarchical structures due to limitations of the PLC language SFC. In this contribution a systematic approach to automatically transform Grafcets into PLC code while retaining the hierarchical structures is described. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modelling language GRAFCET Hierarchical structure control code Programmable Logic controller

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VIRTUAL HILS : A Model-Based control Software Validation Method

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PASSENGER CARS-ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 2011年第1期4卷 142-149页

作者： Ito, Yasuhiro Sugure, Yasuo Oho, Shigeru Matsushita, Masahiro Hitachi Tokyo Japan Hitachi Ltd Tokyo Japan Hitachi Adv Digital Inc Tokyo Japan

This paper describes Virtual Hardware In the Loop Simulation (VHILS), a new validation method for real-time control systems. VHILS integrates multiple-technology domain simulators and uses no actual hardware components. Target software in binary code formats are executed with CoMET (R), a virtual processor platform and physical layer signals are emulated with MATLAB (R) / Simulink (R). Thus, VHILS can replace HILS, which is widely used for control software validation today. The VHILS was applied to the development of adaptive cruise control system (ACCS), and driver maneuvering, vehicle dynamics, microcontroller operation and CAN communication were modeled. The data exchange between multi-domain simulation and communication modeling were identified to be the primary causes of longer computational time. By carefully designing the simulator interfaces and the CAN model, we built an entire ACCS simulation that showed accurate match with experimental results and yielded one third of the real environment's turnaround time. The VHILS was also applied to real-time software code debugging as an alternative approach to hardware-based InCircuit Emulators (ICEs). The virtual real-time debugger(VRD) helps software engineers to examine run-time behavior of control codes and investigate cause-and-effect relationships of software defections by synchronizing information from multiple-domain components and displaying them together. To speed up the VHILS operation, Virtual Validation (V-2) Cloud System, a parallel execution framework, is introduced. It automatically allocates VHILS tasks to massive computer resources and executes a large number of validation test cases simultaneously by using the modern cloud computing technologies.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation computational time communication modeling control code ACCS gene adaptive cruise control system Vehicle dynamics Virtual computer software

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