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A Parallelization Approach for Hard Real-Time Systems and Its Application on Two Industrial Programs

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 2016年第6期44卷 1296-1336页

作者： Frieb, Martin Jahr, Ralf Ozaktas, Haluk Hugl, Andreas Regler, Hans Ungerer, Theo Univ Augsburg Dept Comp Sci D-86135 Augsburg Germany Univ Toulouse 3 118 Route Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France BAUER Maschinen GmbH BAUER Str 1 D-86529 Schrobenhausen Germany

Applications in industry often have grown and improved over many years. Since their performance demands increase, they also need to benefit from the availability of multi-core processors. However, a reimplementation from scratch and even a restructuring of these industrial applications is very expensive, often due to high certification efforts. Therefore, a strategy for a systematic parallelization of legacy code is needed. We present a parallelization approach for hard real-time systems, which ensures a high reusage of legacy code and preserves timing analysability. To show its applicability, we apply it on the core algorithm of an avionics application as well as on the control program of a large construction machine. We create models of the legacy programs showing the potential of parallelism, optimize them and change the source codes accordingly. The parallelized applications are placed on a predictable multi-core processor with up to 18 cores. For evaluation, we compare the worst case execution times and their speedups. Furthermore, we analyse limitations coming up at the parallelization process.

关键词： Parallelization Parallelization approach Model-based Parallel design patterns Algorithmic skeletons Real-time Embedded control code Case study

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Sds :: 9Xx :: 9300 :: 980065A Sds Des-1 Differential Equation Solver Oct65

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2016年

[Auto Generated] GENERAL DESCRIPTION . DES Computer Equipment Configurations DES Programming System . General Operation. Time in the DES-1 System . DES-1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. The DES-1 Operator Elements of DES-1 Operator Statements Arithmeti c Equations Block Operator Statements Integration Operators . Elementary Function Operators . Resol ution Operators Function Generation Operator Special Function Operators Noise Operators. Logi cal control Operators System control Statement . Special Operat

关键词： 980065a block number control control code control codes data des-1 differential equation error executive program frame frame time idle time integration magnetic tape mode mode control oct65 operator program source program tape tape unit user

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Ibm :: 7030 :: Diag :: Ka Ex1B Bx-0

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2016年

Ibm :: 7030 :: Diag :: Ka Ex1B Bx-0 by published by

关键词： card reader chain flag code control control byte control code control word data ecc failure flag main memory multiple flag oop select report test test data word word count

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Ibm :: System3 :: Ga21-9103-2 System3 Model10 Componentsref

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2016年

Ibm :: System3 :: Ga21-9103-2 System3 Model10 Componentsref by published by

关键词： address address register byte code componentsref condition register control code data data address data entry disk disk control dual programming ga21-9103-2 instruction interrupt model10 operand operand address processing unit program program level system3

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Generalmanual 000022042

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2016年

Generalmanual 000022042 by published by

关键词： character set code control code esc generalmanual international character left margin margin micr okipos paper paper guide paper size print print start printer printing printing area roll paper sprocket sprocket paper

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Ibm :: 7030 :: Diag :: Ka Ex1 Bx-0

引用

2016年

Ibm :: 7030 :: Diag :: Ka Ex1 Bx-0 by published by

关键词： chain flag code control control byte control code control word data flag main memory multiple flag oop punch select report skip ten card test test deck word word count

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Ibm :: 305 Ramac :: 22-6264-1 305 Ramac Manual of Operation Apr57

引用

2016年

Ibm :: 305 Ramac :: 22-6264-1 305 Ramac Manual of Operation Apr57 by published by

关键词： access arm accumulator apr57 column control control control code control panel disk disk storage hub hubs impulse input track manual operation output track print print control program ramac start key track track position wired

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Fault Localization in Embedded control System Software

Fault Localization in Embedded Control System Software

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International Workshop on Software Engineering for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (SEsCPS)

作者： Liang, Kai Bai, Zhuofu Cavusoglu, M. Cenk Podgurski, Andy Ray, Soumya Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Cleveland OH 44106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467370882

We describe an approach to automatically locating faulty statements in control code in embedded systems. Our approach uses the controller structure and examples of normal behavior in simulation to build structured probabilistic models that compactly encode the dynamic behavior of the system. Given an anomalous behavior sequence, we analyze the values of system state variables to determine which variables are responsible for the behavior. We use the variables obtained in this way together with the dynamic program dependence graph to determine a small set of potential causes (faulty statements) of the behavior, which are then ranked and presented to the developer. We evaluate our approach on the control systems for two prototype robotic surgery systems developed in our lab and demonstrate its ability to locate faults causing adverse and anomalous events during the systems' operation.

关键词： Fault location control systems controller structure control code Operating systems Normal behavior abnormal behavior State variable Embedded systems Statement system behavior

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Synthesis of Discrete-Event controllers from Sequence-Based Specifications

Synthesis of Discrete-Event Controllers from Sequence-Based ...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： Thijs Janssen Joanna van de Mortel-Fronczak Emile van Gerwen Michel Reniers Atlas Copco Oosterhout The Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands FEI Company Eindhoven The Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781479978878

As recognized by various engineering disciplines, formal models have the potential to support and speed up development of cyber-physical systems. They enable extensive functional and performance analysis of designs, including formal verification, and control code generation. There are two general approaches to application of formal models in engineering processes for the design of discrete-event controllers. controllers are modeled, e.g. using sequence-based specifications, and, subsequently, verified against relevant system properties, such as the absence of blocking or the compliance to defined interfaces. Alternatively, from formal models of system components and requirements (finite automata and state-based expressions) non-blocking controllers are synthesized satisfying the requirements per definition. In both cases, models used are suitable for automatic code generation. This paper discusses lessons learned from the integrated application of these two approaches to an industrial case study. The experiment shows that they are complementary and that it is possible to combine them in one engineering process to mutual advantage.

关键词： controllers Formal verification synthesis Specifications second approximation Cyber-physical systems Complementary control code Engineering code generation automatic coding

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A Descriptive Engineering Approach for Cyber-Physical Systems 19

A Descriptive Engineering Approach for Cyber-Physical System...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Henning, Steffen Niggemann, Oliver Otto, Jens Schriegel, Sebastian OWL Univ Appl Sci InIT Inst Ind IT Lemgo Germany Fraunhofer IOSB INA Ind Automat Lemgo Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948451

Plug and produce (PnP) aims at reducing system engineering effort. Therefore several PnP aspects have to be solved. This paper gives an overview and classifies process types and PnP aspects. Furthermore it identifies coupled processes as the most challenging ones and provides a new engineering approach for such systems. A new two-step descriptive engineering approach is applied to automatically synthesise control code from a given product specification. The main idea of the approach is to use a descriptive view rather than a prescriptive. This means that the engineer specifies what he wants to produce and no longer how he wants to produce it. Thus, it reduces engineering effort and releases more resources to optimize the process.

关键词： manufacturing systems production engineering computing systems engineering PnP aspects control code cyber-physical systems descriptive engineering approach plug and produce product specification system engineering effort two-step descriptive engineering approach Automation Learning automata Plugs Process control Production systems Timing

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