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The Influence of Microelectronics on Fluid Power control

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第5期20卷 271-281页

作者： W. Backé P. Anders Institut für hydraulische und pneumatische Autriche und Steuerungen der RWTH Aachen (IHP) Steinhachstr. 53 D-5100 Aachen FRG

This survey paper demonstrates the way microelectronics influence the developement of fluid power control components and systems. Hardware oriented functions such as electronic control circuitry for valve actuation- are beeing integrated into devices to an ever increasing extent. This is resulting in a standarization of input and output signals, thus simplifying planning, putting into service and repair of systems. However, the essential influence of microelectronics can be witnessed in the possibilities of designing and realizing closed loop control concets in order to solve the problems of fluid technologiy better than by conventional ways and means. By the high versatility of digital controller concepts it is possible to specifically remedy the disadvantages of fluid power systems non-linear response with a clearly plannable effort. The application of microelectronics in the form of closed loop control computers, design computers and for the purpose of measured data evaluation is opening up the possibility of controller self- adjustment to changing parameters of the controlled system.

关键词： Actuators control engineering computer applications Digital control Discrete time systems Hydraulic systems Microprocessors Position control

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A Target-Independent Functional Programming Language

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第5期20卷 99-104页

作者： T. Kurz P. Linke W. Stäheli BBC Brown Boveri & Department ESL CH-5300 Turgi Switzerland

This paper presents a new type of programming system, offering a new approach to programming modern process control systems. The kernel of the programming system is a graphical, basically functional programming language which is very easy to learn and understand. The language concept is based on modern theories of computer science. Its appearance (the syntactical form) is adapted to standards for graphical representations which are widely used in control technique; thus the new language is readily accepted by the users. Also, a complete set of software engieering tools has been developed for the language, dedicated to the requirements of process control software. This programming system is independent of the type of target processor and may thus be used to support a wide range of process control systems. Such programming systems (implementing a subset of the functionality presented here) have already been used successfully in a number of Brown Boveri's control systems.

关键词： Compilers computer software control engineering computer applications Graphic function diagram Industrial control Man-machine systems Process control Program translators Programming languages

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Optimal control of a Tandam Cold Rolling System for Tracking Problem

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第8期20卷 289-294页

作者： Wu Guo-Fa Hsu Zhe Zhuo Bing Department of Computer Application Central Iron and Steel Research Institute 24 Xueyuannan Road Beijing PRC.

The optimal control principle and procedure of a tendam cold rolling system for tracking problem have been proposed in this paper for the first time. The state-space description of the tendam cold rolling system for the Cold-Strip Mill of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company is: { y ⇀ k = C x ⇀ k + η ⇀ k . x ⇀ k + 1 = A x ⇀ k + B u ⇀ k + ξ ⇀ k , The optimum performance index of the system for tracking problem is: J min = min E ( 1 2 ∑ k = 0 m e ⇀ ′ k Q e ⇀ k − 1 2 ∑ k = 0 m − 1 u ⇀ ′ k R u ⇀ k ) . The authors have deduced the optimal control of the system for tracking problem as follows u ⇀ k * = − S k ( A y ⇀ k + ε ⇀ k + 1 − y ⇀ ) , the feedback gain matrix SI is given by S k = ( B ′ P k + 1 B − R ) − 1 B ′ P k + 1 , P k satisfies the matrix difference equation P k = P k + 1 − [ ( S k − 1 ) ′ − B ′ ] − 1 R ( S k − 1 − B ) − 1 + Q with terminal condition P km = Q. On the above-mentioned principle of optimal control, an optimal con-tNli procedure of the tendam cold rolling system has been obtained, and a computer simulation has been performed. The results of the simulation are satisfactory.

关键词： Optimal control process control industrial control tracking systems control engineering computer applications metallurgical industries steel industry cold rolling thickness control

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Design and Test of Adaptive State Feedback controls for Hydraulic Servo Drives by Digital Simulation

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第12期20卷 257-262页

作者： R. Korte H. Rake Institut für Regelungstechnik der RWTH Aachen Steinbachstr. 54. D-5100 Aachen FRG

Electrohydraulic servo-drives are favourably used in manufacturing industry when great actuating power is required. Their control is difficult because of their characteristic weak damping, friction forces, the significant variations of their operating point dependent process parameters, and limited actuating signals. The aim of the investigations to be described here is to develop advanced feedback control concepts for electrohydraulic drives that guarantee a dynamic behaviour of consistent high quality together with a high positioning accuracy at all operating points. The investigations were carried out by digital simulations based on linear and nonlinear mathematical models that represent the dynamic and static behaviour of a long servovalvecontrolled hydraulic drive. The simulation system, its program and data structures are described.

关键词： Hydraulic systems State-space methods Adaptive control Digital control control engineering computer applications Nonlinear control systems Position control

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A Boiler-Turbine Mathematical Model for Power Plant Operation Studies

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第9期20卷 681-686页

作者： R.T. Pena G.Y. Masada R.H. Flake Dept. de Engenharia Eletrônica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Rua Espirito Santo 35 30.000 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Electrical Engineering Department The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

A sixty-fifth order, nonlinear dynamic model of a 235 MW natural gas fired power plant was developed. The model includes all the major process components and the control system loops required for the normal operation of the plant. The process governing equations are derived from physical conservation laws with process parameters computed from construction drawings, material properties, and plant data. The control system models are derived from circuit diagrams with control parameters computed from the resistive and capacitive values of the components and the control settings. The model is coded in FORTRAN and runs 8.5 times faster than real time on the CDC Cyber computer. One of the unique features of the model is that in can be initialized directly from actual plant measurements using a 31st. order measurement vector to compute initial conditions. The validated model has been used do predict plant behavior under steady state and transient operations and in control system and operational optimization studies. This paper describes the main aspects of the model development.

关键词： Power Plant Modeling Power control Process control control engineering computer applications Steam Plants

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Dynamic Process Flowsheet Simulation - An Important Tool in Process control

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第5期20卷 369-374页

作者： W. Marquardt P. Holl E.D. Gilles Institut für Systemdynamik und Regelungstechnik Universität Stuttgart D 7000 Stuttgart 80 Pfaffenwaldring 9 FRG

Comfortable tools for control system design and evaluation have gained increasing importance as useful aids in academia and industry. The limited nonlinear simulation capabilities of existing control system design packages are not sufficient for process and control system simulations. The development of detailed dynamic flowsheet simulators and their integration in a computer-aided design (CAD) environment is required for that purpose. The outline of the general purpose dynamic flowsheet simulator DIVA (Dynamische Simulation verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen), which is currently being developed at Universität Stuttgart is presented below. An illustrative simulation example of a chemical production plant will demonstrate the function and the possibilities offered by the simulator.

关键词： Dynamic process simulation process control modeling computer aided design control engineering computer applications

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Simulation and Realisation of In-line control Algorithms

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第12期20卷 35-42页

作者： P.M. Bruijn J. Cser A.R.M. Soeterboek Delft University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Control Laboratory P.O. Box 5031 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands

Two program packages are described for the simulation and the realisation in real time of control structures described by block diagrams. The blocks represent the algorithms, the control functions and the simulation of processes during the design stage. The topology is defined by the connections of the blocks. In the package MUSIC a set of standard blocks is available and the user can write in Fortran his own blocks using a standard software interface. The interaction between the user and the control structure is performed via a separate command interface program. A graphic display facility facilitates the evaluation of results and the comparison of a set of solutions. The whole system is supported by a user-friendly menu and runs on PDP-11 and microVAX computers. The second package, called FOCOP, is written in Forth and offers the possibility to combine the basic blocks in user-defined modules to form more complex transfer functions, which can be repeatedly used. Due to the choice of Forth it is relatively simple to implement the software on different computers. At the moment versions are available on 6502 and Z80 microprocessors and on PDP-11 minicomputers.

关键词： control engineering computer applications simulation real-time control direct digital control

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Software Development and on Line Tests of a Microprocessor Based Automatic Start Up System for a Fluidized Bed Lignite Combustor

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第4期20卷 113-116页

作者： H. Midoğlu E. Tulunay Meko Microcomputer and Electronics Control Corporation Paris Cad. 11-4 Kavaklidere Ankara Turkey Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey

A manual start up procedure has been developed for a 23 × 23 cm 2 fluidized bed lignite combustor which heats an 80 000 kcal/h conventional fire and smoke tube hot water boiler. Start up procedure is based on facts, rules of thumb and necessary knowledge concerning the fluidized bed combustion system that are collected and judged on by an expert. The procedure is basically composed of “if-then” rules. A microprocessor based controller is designed and constructed. A multitasking executive and a monitor program has been developed. This microcomputer is also used for the design and development of the control hardware and software. The fluidized bed lignite combustor has been started up semi-automatically, by manipulating the outputs of the computer upon operator commands entered on-line via the keyboard. A fully automatic start up is proposed to be possible and conclusions are derived for future developments.

关键词： Fluidized bed combustion automatic start up heat systems control engineering computer applications microprocessors multitasking computer control

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A Recorder for Physicochemical and Meteorological Parameters in Fish Ponds

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第7期20卷 137-141页

作者： V. Ginot M.G. Hollebecq M. Vuillot R. Billard Laboratoire de Biométrie Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France Département d'Hydrobiologie INRA 78350 Jouey-en-Josas France Division Qualite des Eaux Pêche et pisciculture CEMAGREF 3 quai Chauveau 69009 Lyon France

An automatic recorder has been developed to study the dynamics of fish pond biocenosis by a modeling of the ecosystem. In order to be flexible and portable, the system is composed of independent and autonomous modules including four or five probes (respectively for aquatic and meteorological modules), an analogical converter and a data recorder. Paramete rs are measured on the surface (air temperature, sunshine, pluviometry, wind force and direction, atmospheric pressure) and in the water (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and redox potential). Aquatic probes are simply immersed in the pond water so as to save energy, eliminate moving parts and not disturb the water layer. A portable computer is used to collect the recorded data once a week and to program the different recorders: input format, rhythm of measurement, threshold values etc… Due to the extensive use of CMOS, particularly for the RAM (Random Access Memories), a set of 1.5 V alkaline batteries provides the desired 2-weeks autonomy. A model of pond dissolved oxygen dynamics (in progress) can use to advantage the numerous measurements taken by this equipment to monitor indirectly the biological activity of the pond.

关键词： Data acquisition control engineering computer applications environment control sensors water management pond

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Automatic control in Furniture and Construction-Joinery Industries

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1986年第12期19卷 199-204页

作者： E. Király Control Engineering Lab. State Forest Products Research Institute Lamačská 1 844 11 Bratislava Czechoslovakia

Fundamental machines of the furniture and construction-joinery industry are characterized in the paper. The principles of NC and CNC of the machines are presented and two specific control syst ems, widely used in furn... 详细信息

关键词： Wood processing microprocessors control engineering computer applications CNC furniture industry machines

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