The mathematical description of the process of property formation is an essential prerequisition for improving the control of particleboard plants by application of process control systems. The results of the process ...
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The mathematical description of the process of property formation is an essential prerequisition for improving the control of particleboard plants by application of process control systems. The results of the process modelling in performing passive trials in industrial plants are reported on. The available measurement technique and the knowledge of technological relationships limit at present still the mathematical description of the overall process considerably. The paper emphasizes the presentation of possibilities for the stepwise development of process models.
Design experiences of a project on building a multi-microprocessor-based automation control system for the assembly of electronic components is reported in this paper. The control system consists of four subsystems, w...
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Design experiences of a project on building a multi-microprocessor-based automation control system for the assembly of electronic components is reported in this paper. The control system consists of four subsystems, which are the supervisory controller, the visual pattern recognition system, the display unit and the servo system. The emphasis was put on the design of a fast, cost-effective visual information-processing unit. For this, a new type of frame grabber together with noise-insensitive image processing algorithms are incorporated by employing the TMS 4161 dual ported memory. To verify the proposed design concepts, an experimental control system is developed and applied for the semiconductor die-bonding machine.
An organization of the software systems for the flexible manufacturing systems (SS FMS) is discussed. The generalized structure of the SS PI, IS is given. The functions of its subsystems are defined. The SS FMS develo...
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An organization of the software systems for the flexible manufacturing systems (SS FMS) is discussed. The generalized structure of the SS PI, IS is given. The functions of its subsystems are defined. The SS FMS developed nowadays at the Leningrad Politechnic Institute is oriented to the two-level structure of the computercontrol system. The software of the upper level computer solves the problems of the operative production planning and automated equipment operation dispatching. The software of the local control units is the lower level of the SS FMS, The structure of the algorithmic robot control system “Bars”, that is the base for the development of the software for the robotized production cells, transport robots and automated warehouses, is considered, The brief description of the problem-oriented language ROCOL, used for robot programming, is given.
In this paper an automated warehouse system is described. A description of the installation is included, considering the layout and the material handling equipment. The control system design is modular and the compute...
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In this paper an automated warehouse system is described. A description of the installation is included, considering the layout and the material handling equipment. The control system design is modular and the computer hierarchy is described. The sensors applied for accurate positioning and the system operation are discussed.
According to the usual practices in the oil industry, protection against overpressure must be performed by two barriers. For gas fields the second barrier must be pressure safety valves connected to a full-flow flare....
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According to the usual practices in the oil industry, protection against overpressure must be performed by two barriers. For gas fields the second barrier must be pressure safety valves connected to a full-flow flare. On offshore installations, for large gas flows, this flare can necessitate the erection of an additional platform. On Frigg Field, an alternative system so-called OPPS (Over Pressure Protection System) is being installed in order to cope with new conditions of production, the existing flare platform being unable to handle additional third party gas flows pipelined from other fields. This OPPS has been designed through extensive reliability studies in order to meet a higher level of safety than the conventional API 14 C based system.
Four algorithms for the control of motions of robotic manipulators are considered in a unified presentation : PID feedback control, feedforward feedback control, combined feedback and compensating control, adaptive mo...
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Four algorithms for the control of motions of robotic manipulators are considered in a unified presentation : PID feedback control, feedforward feedback control, combined feedback and compensating control, adaptive model following control. Their performances are compared by means of s imulation tests on the same manipulator in the same task performed at various speeds.
The rapid development in the field of microelectronics results in an ever growing number of economically effective applications. At the same time, the contradictions between traditional production technologies and the...
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The rapid development in the field of microelectronics results in an ever growing number of economically effective applications. At the same time, the contradictions between traditional production technologies and the possibilities offered by advanced automation techniques become visible. From this problem are derived the demands to be made on the improvement of the process measuring instrumentation, process control and quality assurance. A number of examples are given of future automated production stages in the furniture industry.
A program package, called MUSIC, has been developed for implementing simulation and real-time control algorithms on PDP-11 and VAX family computers. The control structure can be described by means of a block diagram. ...
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A program package, called MUSIC, has been developed for implementing simulation and real-time control algorithms on PDP-11 and VAX family computers. The control structure can be described by means of a block diagram. The blocks represent the algorithms and control functions, while the topology is defined by the connections of the blocks. A set of standard blocks is available and the user can define and add his own blocks to the system using a standard software interface. Blocks can have adjustable parameters and an arbitrary internal complexity. From the selected set of blocks an actual simulation or real-time control program and a database can be built using a program generator. The interaction with this control program is performed via a separate command interface program. With this interface the user may supply interactively all the information describing the control system. A user-written optional third program can also be added to the system to perform additional calculations outside the control loop or to realise individual command interfaces. A graphic display facility facilitates the evaluation of results and the comparison of a set of solutions. The whole system is embedded in a user-friendly menu, so the user hardly needs any computer-dependent particular knowledge.
The reviewed remote control system developed for the central control of district heating systems is characterized by a hierarchical structure and distributed intelligence. Microcomputers run both in the heating centre...
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The reviewed remote control system developed for the central control of district heating systems is characterized by a hierarchical structure and distributed intelligence. Microcomputers run both in the heating centres and the dispatching centre of the remote control system. The data-transfer is carried out on telecommunication lines between them. The main function of the remote control system is data collection. There are also intelligent local heating controllers belonging to the remote control system. Both the terminals and the microcomputer running in the dispatching centre are built of the modular elements of the MMT system. The operating system of the microcomputers running on different levels of the hierarchy is a very simple real-time scheduler. It ensures a synchronous and parallel running of tasks. All the measured, calculated, adjustable and fixed variables of the controlled district heating system are stored in the so-called technological data base of the microcomputers residing partly in ROM, partly in RAM or on floppy disks. The programming language of the software of the microcomputer used in the dispatching centre is written in FORMULA.
The paper arises from collaborative work to explore contributions which the technology of controlengineering can make to pain relief. One particular demand analgesia system was studied in which Fentanyl was intraveno...
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The paper arises from collaborative work to explore contributions which the technology of controlengineering can make to pain relief. One particular demand analgesia system was studied in which Fentanyl was intravenously infused to relieve pain during the first day after total hip-replacement. A mathematical model is presented in which pain is modelled as the difference between discomfort and comfort and is measured by the frequency at which the patient presses a button. This is inherently nonlinear because there is no button-pressing when comfort exceeds discomfort. A novel nonlinear estimation scheme to handle the nonlinearity is implemented in an on-line microcomputer to provide model-based stochastic control. Experimental results from trials on 20 real patients and 500 simulated patients validate the model and show that the model-based control gives substantially better pain relief than is achieved by conventional demand analgesia, and is robust against modelling errors. Directions for further work are indicated and it is concluded that there is promise for model-based on-line estimation in demand analgesia and promise for the mathematical model as a basis for further research on mechanisms of pain and its relief.
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