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SNR-dependent drone classification using convolutional neural networks

IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2022年第1期16卷 22-33页

作者： Dale, Holly Baker, Chris Antoniou, Michail Jahangir, Mohammed Atkinson, George Harman, Stephen Univ Birmingham Microwave Integrated Syst Lab Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England Aveillant Cambridge England

Radar sensing offers a method of achieving 24-h all-weather drone surveillance, but in order to be maximally effective, systems need to be able to discriminate between birds and drones. This work examines drone-bird classification performance as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Classification at low SNR values is necessary in order to classify drones with a small radar cross-section (RCS), as well as to facilitate reliable classification at longer ranges. To investigate the relationship between classification performance and SNR, Gaussian noise is added to an experimentally obtained dataset of radar spectrograms. Classification is performed by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It is shown that for the data available classification accuracy drops with falling SNR, as might be expected for any given CNN. The degree to which performance degrades with reduced SNR is presented. It is further shown that simpler network architectures are more robust to noise. Finally, it is demonstrated that data augmentation can be used as a means of enhancing classification accuracy at lower SNR values. Bayesian optimisation is used to find the optimal augmentation hyperparameters and overall, classification accuracies of 92% are achieved at low SNR.

关键词： radar cross-sections Bayes methods Gaussian noise aerospace computing radar cross-section RCS control engineering computing data augmentation optimal augmentation hyperparameters optimisation radar sensing all-weather drone surveillance convolutional neural networks radar signal processing convolutional neural nets signal to noise ratio radar receivers neural net architecture surveillance data available classification accuracy autonomous aerial vehicles Bayesian optimisation SNR-dependent drone classification radar spectrograms signal classification network architectures drone-bird classification performance CNNs

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Simulation method for DSP-controlled active PFC high-frequency power converters

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2000年第3期147卷 159-166页

作者： Mobin, S Hiraki, E Takano, H Nakaoka, M Yamaguchi Univ Yamaguchi Japan Hitachi Med Co Hitachi Ibaraki Japan

A generic simulation approach for digital-signal-processor (DSP) controlled power converter systems is described. Software program statements for simulating a feedback control scheme could also be incorporated in the software code of a DSP-controlled power conversion system. The power electronic circuit simulation technique is based on the substitution of switch-modulated resistors in place of all the active and/or passive power switches;one stale equation described by state variables, i.e. inductor currents and capacitor voltages, and the solution of the state equation is computed by an appropriate numerical method. The simulation approach is explained by a practical application example of the DSP-controlled active-switch three-phase power-factor-correction (FC) converter system.

关键词： digital control Digital signal processing chips inductor currents control engineering computing circuit simulation Power engineering computing Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus feedback switching circuits power factor correction power convertors active PFC high-frequency power converters control simulation feedback control scheme power semiconductor switches Computer-aided circuit analysis and design DSP control switch-modulated resistors control system design and analysis state equation Electronic engineering computing computer simulation Power system management, operation and economics control of electric power systems active-switch three-phase power-factor-correction convertor power electronic circuit simulation control system analysis computing Microprocessors and microcomputers capacitor voltages digital signal processing chips

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Reference-free approach for mitigating human-machine conflicts in shared control of automated vehicles

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IET control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第18期14卷 2752-2763页

作者： Huang, Chao Lv, Chen Naghdy, Fazel Du, Haiping Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Wollongong Sch Elect Comp & Telecommun Engn Fac Engn & Informat Sci Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia

Shared control is a promising approach that can facilitate the mutual understanding and cooperative control between human and machine. In this study, a novel reference-free framework for shared control of automated vehicles is proposed with the aim of mitigating conflicts between the human driver and the automatic system during their interactions. Position constraint and time to collision are deployed to prevent collision and guarantee stability by limiting the yaw rate and sideslip angle of the vehicle. The design of the shared controller is formulated as a model predictive control problem. It determines vehicle state based on the current driver command and implements control actions only if the vehicle state induced by the human driver violates the pre-defined constraints. The system models, safety constraints and the proposed shared controller are then integrated. The algorithm is validated through computer simulation under two different driving scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed reference-free approach can offer the human driver more degrees of freedom during shared control, effectively mitigating human-machine conflicts, compared to the previous work. In addition, the algorithm ensures the safety and stability of the system under risky driving conditions, validating its feasibility and effectiveness.

关键词： predictive control collision avoidance road vehicles stability road safety human computer interaction position control driver information systems computer simulation control engineering computing reference-free approach automated vehicles cooperative control human driver shared controller model predictive control problem vehicle state human-machine conflicts stability computer simulation sideslip angle driver command position constraint collision prevention

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CASCADE ADAPTIVE SPEED control OF A THYRISTOR-DRIVEN DC MOTOR

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-D control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1988年第1期135卷 49-55页

作者： STEPHAN, RM HAHN, V UNBEHAUEN, H RUHR UNIV BOCHUM DEPT ELECT ENGND-4630 BOCHUM 1FED REP GER

A cascade speed control strategy for a thyristor driven DC motor subjected to parameter variations is proposed. A dual mode adaptive inner current loop is cascaded with a model reference adaptive speed control loop. The scheme is implemented in a 16 bit microcomputer using a floating point coprocessor. Tests on a DC machine have been conducted. The proposed solution guarantees a stable and predefined performance under all operating conditions. Comparisons with a conventional analog speed control are made.

关键词： parameter variations thyristor driven DC motor microcomputer applications velocity control Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus DC motors Power engineering computing cascade speed control electric current control model reference adaptive control systems dual mode adaptive inner current loop thyristor applications Velocity, acceleration and rotation control control of electric power systems Self-adjusting control systems model reference adaptive control Current control d.c. machines 16 bit microcomputer control engineering computing floating point coprocessor cascade control

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Electric railway traction .5. Train detection, communications and supervision

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POWER engineering JOURNAL 1996年第2期10卷 87-95页

作者： Hill, RJ Sch. of Electron. & Electr. Eng. Bath Univ. UK

The last article in this series covered the theory of railway signalling and interlockings. This article describes systems in use for railway control and communications, and surveys current developments.

关键词： beacons traffic control radio electronic token block European Train control System track conductors freespace radio transponders data communication Rail-traffic system control Traffic engineering computing railway control railway communications railways electric railway traction speech radio radio applications Transportation rail traffic information technology control engineering computing train detection track circuits Radio links and equipment North American Advanced Train control System

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Design of wide-area damping systems based on the capabilities of the supporting Information Communication Technology infrastructure

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2014年第4期8卷 640-650页

作者： Zhu, Kun Nordstrom, Lars KTH Royal Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn Dept Ind Informat & Control Syst SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

The dependence of the functionality of the wide-area monitoring and control (WAMC) systems on the capabilities of their underlying Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure indicates that the parameterisation of the WAMC application algorithm should be coordinated with the design of the supporting ICT system. This study presents a systematic approach to design wide-area damping systems considering phasor measurement unit (PMU) communication delays and data frame losses. The proposed design method is applied to calibrate a wide-area damping system based on generalised predictive control (GPC) for demonstration purposes. In addition, a framework to guide the parameterisation of the GPC- based wide-area damping system is also provided. This research offers a better perspective to predict the capabilities of the underlying ICT infrastructure in the WAMC systems. Moreover, the proposed design method can be generalised to design delay-robust damping systems with compensation limits. Finally, it also offers an opportunity to associate the parameterisation of the damping system with the capabilities of its supporting ICT infrastructure and the reliability of the intended damping control function.

关键词： control engineering computing control system synthesis damping delay systems power engineering computing power system control predictive control phasor measurement wide-area damping system design information communication technology infrastructure wide-area monitoring and control system WAMC application algorithm ICT system phase measurement unit PMU communication delays generalised predictive control delay-robust damping systems

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Seamless real-time control systems - Challenges for the railway industry

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computing & control engineering JOURNAL 1999年第2期10卷 81-87页

作者： Chang, CS Bruce, AG Hampton, IM Mass Transit Railway Corp Hong Kong Peoples R China Kowloon Canton Railway Kowloon Peoples R China

Since the explosive growth of computing technology in real-time computer control systems during the 1970s, system integration has always required special attention. With the advent of networking technologies, system integration has become so complex that it often requires unique customised solutions, and despite the technological advances, system integration still remains a challenging problem to be resolved. This article explores the subject of applying system integration to the mass transit railway industry. Also included is an analysis of the problem from a process and technology viewpoint, and a look at the emerging technologies that promise to simplify system integration. A case study on a new system interfacing approach that is being followed in the design of Hong Kong's new West Rail line by Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation is also described.

关键词： computing technology unique customised solutions emerging technologies Hong Kong Rail-traffic system control technological advances Traffic engineering computing real-time systems computing in other engineering fields mass transit railway industry railways West Rail line system interfacing approach transport control networking technologies system integration control engineering computing case study seamless real time control systems real time computer control systems railway industry Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation

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Network control in Scotland

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computing & control engineering JOURNAL 1997年第6期8卷 281-286页

作者： Anderson, I Natl Roads Directorate Scotish Off Edinburgh EH6 6QQ Midlothian Scotland

The Scottish trunk road network comprises a mixture of motorways, estuarial crossings and rural roads, going between and through major cities, each presenting their own particular traffic problems. To address these problems a comprehensive and integrated approach for controlling traffic and providing driver information has been developed in Scotland. This article gives a brief summary of how this came about and an overview of the control system employed to facilitate traffic management over this diverse road network.

关键词： Scotland trunk road network control engineering computing driver information systems driver information system estuarial crossings traffic network control automated highways rural roads motorways road traffic problems traffic management Traffic engineering computing road traffic Road-traffic system control

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SUBOPTIMAL SWITCHING STRATEGIES FOR MICROPROCESSOR-controlLED PWM INVERTER DRIVES

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-B ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 1985年第3期132卷 133-148页

作者： BOWES, SR MIDOUN, A Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Bristol UK Technical University of Budapest Budapest Hungary

The theoretical and practical development of a new suboptimal PWM switching strategy, based on well established regular sampling techniques, is presented. It is shown that this suboptimal PWM strategy closely approximates and exhibits many of the desirable performance characteristics of optimised PWM strategies based on minimised THD. The new suboptimal PWM strategy is based on a well defined modulation process which has the potential for on-line real-time microprocessor generation. This possibility is confirmed using both CAD and experimental results obtained from a microprocessor-controlled PWM inverter-drive system.

关键词： control engineering computing suboptimal PWM strategy electric drives microprocessor-controlled PWM inverter drives Drives suboptimal switching computerised control Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus Power engineering computing total harmonic current distortion invertors pulse width modulation control of electric power systems

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Feedback-feedforward control technique with a comprehensive mathematical analysis for single-input dual-output three-level dc-dc converter

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2020年第19期13卷 4685-4694页

作者： Ganjavi, Amir Gholinejad, Hamid Reza Mehrasa, Majid Ghoreishy, Hoda Ahmad, Ahmad Ale Univ Queensland Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia Babol Noshirvani Univ Technol Fac Elect & Comp Engn Babol Iran Univ Trieste Dept Engn & Architecture Trieste Italy

This study proposes a control technique for single-input dual-output three-level dc-dc converter (SIDO-TLC) using feedback (FB) and feedforward (FF) principles. Through the proposed control strategy, SIDO-TLC can smoothly function in both buck and boost operating conditions with a fast dynamic. Major duties of the designed FB control loops are to noticeably decrease the recovery time of transient responses under the load variations and accurately balance the boost capacitors voltages. To effectively decouple the introduced control inputs, an external FF controller is assigned that can also enhance the buck and boost voltage regulations. Furthermore, a step-by-step assessment is contemplated based on the proposed control loops to make an offline adjustment for the FB and FF coefficients. The proposed controller implemented on SIDO-TLC is highly suitable for portable applications, where efficiency, cost, and speed are of important factors. The simulation results and the laboratory test setup of SIDO-TLC using DSP TMS320F28335 are presented to prove the validity of the presented theoretical subjects.

关键词： transient response feedforward DC-DC power convertors voltage control voltage regulators mathematical analysis feedback digital signal processing chips control engineering computing power engineering computing control strategy SIDO-TLC boost operating conditions designed FB control loops introduced control inputs external FF controller boost voltage regulations feedback-feedforward control technique single-input dual-output three-level dc-dc converter buck voltage regulation boost voltage regulation

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