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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2012年第2期27卷 8-13页

作者： Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Dignum, Virginia Jonker, Catholijn Sierhuis, Maarten Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit Pensacola FL 32507 USA Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands Ejenta Oxford England Grp Dev IHMCs Cyber Framework Pensacola FL USA

Researchers and developers are pursuing increasingly sophisticated roles for autonomous systems. Whether working within networked systems as software agents or embedded in robots and unmanned vehicles, what makes these systems valuable is their intelligent, active, and adaptive nature. These qualities are often characterized in intelligent systems literature by the word "autonomy"-a catch-all label that highlights the qualities of self-directedness and self-sufficiency in task performance. Though continuing research to make machines more active, adaptive, and functional is essential, the point of increasing such proficiencies is not merely to make the machines more independent during times when unsupervised activity is desirable or necessary, but also to make them more capable of sophisticated interdependent joint activity with people and other machines when such is required. That means autonomous systems must support not only fluid orchestration of task handoffs among different people and machines, but also combined participation on shared tasks requiring continuous and close interaction. HART research seeks to bring together the best thinking from diverse research communities in order to advance current and anticipated applications of intelligent human-machine collaboration, including the participation of humans as first-class citizens in collaboration with autonomous systems. This would enable autonomous systems not merely to do things for people, but also to work together with people and other systems-the inevitable next leap-forward required in autonomous system design and deployment.

关键词： Software Agents control engineering computing Human Robot Interaction Mobile Robots Remotely Operated Vehicles Human Machine Collaboration Human Agent Robot Teamwork Software Agent Unmanned Vehicle Autonomous System Fluid Orchestration Task Handoff HART Research Human Computer Interaction Human Robot Interaction Man Machine Systems Autonomous Agents Adaptive Systems Vehicles Human Robot Interaction Human Agent Robot Teamwork HART Autonomy Coactive Design Joint Activity Collaboration Software Agents

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A PROCESS-control WORKSTATION

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SOFTWARE & MICROSYSTEMS 1985年第5-6期4卷 117-126页

作者： MARKENSCOFF, P ZYGOURAKIS, K UNIV HOUSTON DEPT ELECT ENGNHOUSTONTX 77004 RICE UNIV DEPT CHEM ENGNHOUSTONTX 77251

The design of an efficient and cost-effective software system for a process control workstation is presented. The workstation can operate either in stand-alone mode or as a control module in a distributed control hierarchy. Among its key features is a user-friendly operator interface allowing dynamic and menu-driven definition of all system parameters.

关键词： engineering workstations process control workstation distributed control hierarchy user interfaces control module control engineering computing standalone mode user-friendly operator interface process computers Microcomputers menu-driven process computer control software system

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GENERATING EXTENDED STATE TRANSITIONS FROM STRUCTURED SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROCESS-control SYSTEMS

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SOFTWARE engineering JOURNAL 1989年第5期4卷 283-291页

作者： KUHN, DR NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL GAITHERSBURGMD 20899

The paper describes a method for providing improved prototyping capabilities in a process control system emulation tool. The tool, the NIST Hierarchical control System Emulator, allows concurrent execution of modules emulating both physical processes and decision processes. The concurrent modules are specified as extended finite state machines. This paper describes the emulation tool and presents a simple method for transforming code, written with structured control constructs, into an extended state machine representation usable on the Emulator, providing the capability for rapid prototyping of designs. The paper also discusses advantages and disadvantages of this approach against direct use of state tables for specifying processes on the Emulator.

关键词： software tools formal specification emulation tool decision processes Programming support structured specifications prototyping extended state transitions state tables control engineering computing extended finite state machines Hierarchical control System Emulator NIST process control systems physical processes finite automata digital simulation process computer control

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Development of a water leak detection system

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computing & control engineering JOURNAL 2002年第1期13卷 33-38页

作者： Convey, HJ Booth, MJ Bolton Inst Higher Educ Fac Technol Bolton England

Water leak detection systems are a specialist service applicable insensitive areas and important buildings. They provide early warning of leaks and thus help to prevent damage to equipment and buildings. These are often in areas of uninsured risk. This article describes a TCS Programme to develop a new microcontroller system, its basic operating principles and the benefits to the company.

关键词： microcontrollers Microprocessor chips leak detection important buildings water leak detection system sensitive areas control applications in remote signalling, dispatching and safety devices Recorders and indicators for control systems microcontroller system fault diagnosis specialist service Data acquisition systems for control basic operating principles TCS Programme control engineering computing alarm systems Security aspects computerised monitoring data loggers

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NON-LINEAR control OF A PAPER-STOCK FLOWBOX

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-D control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1983年第3期130卷 131-136页

作者： GUNN, DJ SINHA, AK Department of Chemical Engineering University College of Swansea Swansea UK

The paper deals with the design of controllers for a paper-stock flowbox using nonlinear models derived from equations representing the dynamics of slurry flow and pressurised air in the box. Three control schemes have been considered, namely interactive control, noninteracting control and complementary interacting control. The control schemes have been compared by digital simulation of the box and controllers. Noninteractive control shows significant improvements over the dual-control interactive scheme but the best control is given by the complementary interactive scheme.

关键词： Nonlinear control systems pressure control Level, flow and volume control paper-stock flow box paper industry control applications in wood-processing, pulp and paper industries complementary interacting control digital simulation noninteracting control nonlinear control systems computing in other engineering fields control technology and theory control system synthesis dual-control control engineering computing flow control slurry flow interactive control Pressure and vacuum control Paper and pulp industries Industrial applications of IT interactive systems control system analysis and synthesis methods

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Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists' decision-making

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2023年第1期17卷 72-84页

作者： Bazilinskyy, Pavlo Dodou, Dimitra Eisma, Yke Bauke Vlakveld, Willem de Winter, Joost Delft Univ Technol Dept Cognit Robot Delft Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Dept BioMech Engn Delft Netherlands SWOV The Hague Netherlands

Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked-out) windows and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake. The images depicted different combinations of traditional vehicles versus AVs, eHMI presence, vehicle approach direction, driver visibility/window-blinding, visual complexity of the surroundings, and distance to the cyclist (urgency). The results showed that the eHMI and urgency level had a strong impact on crossing decisions, whereas visual complexity had no significant influence. Blinded windows caused participants to brake for the traditional vehicle. A second crowdsourcing experiment aimed to clarify the findings of Experiment 1 by also requiring participants to detect the vehicle features. It was found that the eHMI 'GO' and blinded windows yielded high detection rates and that driver eye contact caused participants to continue pedalling. To conclude, blinded windows increase the probability that cyclists brake, and driver eye contact stimulates cyclists to continue cycling. Our findings, which were obtained with large international samples, may help elucidate how AVs (in which the driver may not be visible) affect cyclists' behaviour.

关键词： human-machine interfaces human computer interaction automated vehicle characteristics road safety Mobile robots user interfaces cyclists brake cyclist driver eye contact stimulates cyclists driver seats AV Regression analysis mobile robots control engineering computing vehicle features traditional vehicle driver information systems Traffic engineering computing eHMI presence Road-traffic system control eHMI GO regression analysis blinded windows probability urgency level crowdsourcing decision making human factors User interfaces vehicle approach direction road vehicles large international samples

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Transformer-based inverter with reduced number of switches for renewable energy applications

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2015年第10期8卷 1875-1884页

作者： Gandomi, Amin Ashraf Saeidabadi, Saeid Hosseini, Seyed Hossein Babaei, Ebrahim Sabahi, Mehran Univ Tabriz Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tabriz *** Iran

Multilevel inverters generate high-level voltage with high quality and low-harmonic distortion, and these unique properties have increased their applications in renewable energy sources. However, these inverters require several passive components and a complex pulse width modulation (PWM) control method. Besides, they suffer from voltage balancing problems. In this work, a new inverter has proposed that generates seven-level voltage from one DC source by reduced number of switches which does not exhibit any voltage balancing problem. The proposed inverter without any extra boost circuit is able to increase the input voltage. The voltage stress on all the switches in the proposed inverter is the same. In this study, variable amplitude phase disposition PWM control method that is compatible with the proposed inverter is developed. Moreover, extended structure of the proposed inverter and its new algorithm in generating all odd and even voltage levels are proposed. To validate the performance of the inverter, a prototype has been built and tested and also its performance has been modelled using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. Very good agreement has been achieved between experimental results and simulations.

关键词： power semiconductor switches renewable energy sources PWM invertors voltage control control engineering computing power engineering computing power transformers transformer-based inverter switch number reduction renewable energy applications multilevel inverters high-level voltage generation high quality distortion low-harmonic distortion renewable energy sources passive components complex pulse width modulation control method voltage balancing problems seven-level voltage generation voltage stress variable amplitude phase disposition PWM control method PSCAD software package EMTDC software package

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AUTOMATIC COMPUTER control OF MANUFACTURE OF THIN-FILM OPTICAL-DEVICES

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS-LONDON 1976年第5期123卷 445-450页

作者： SANDOZ, DJ MASSEY UNIV DEPT IND MANAGEMENT & ENGNPALMERSTON NORTHNEW ZEALAND

This paper describes a project to investigate the feasibility of using a small digital computer to automatically control the manufacture of multilayer thin film optical interference devices. The manufacturing process and the computer control systems are described in detail and the results from a particular case study are presented. These results relate to the manufacture of a 5-layer antireflectance coating. The computer is shown to be able to control the process with precision and to have the potential for manufacturing devices toa consistent high quality.

关键词： optical filters vapour deposition Industrial applications of IT manufacturing process control applications in other industries Optical testing and workshop techniques optical films antireflectance coating computer control Servo and control devices optical film manufacturing processes control engineering applications of computers control engineering computing Spectral and other filters automatic control multilayer thin film Data handling and computation

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Bandwidth allocation scheme in CAN protocol

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2000年第1期147卷 37-44页

作者： Hong, SH Kim, WH Hanyang Univ Dept Control & Instrumentat Engn Ansan 425791 South Korea

The CAN (controller area network) is a serial communication protocol for distributed real-time control and automation systems. Data generated from field devices in manufacturing automation and process control systems are classified into three categories: real-time event data, real-time control data and non-real-time data. These data share a common CAN medium. Unless the traffic of the CAN protocol is efficiently controlled, performance of the real-time application systems interconnected into the CAN bus can be degraded. The paper proposes a bandwidth allocation algorithm that can be applicable to the CAN protocol. The bandwidth allocation algorithm not only satisfies the performance requirement of real-time application systems interconnected into the CAN but also fully utilises the bandwidth of the CAN. The bandwidth allocation algorithm introduced in the paper is validated using a simulation experiment.

关键词： Industrial processes bandwidth allocation distributed real-time control control engineering computing serial communication protocol Manufacturing processes CAN protocol controller area network controller area networks real-time systems Instrumentation buses process control real-time event data protocols Instrumentation buses and protocols control in industrial production systems Instrumentation bandwidth allocation scheme nonreal-time data real-time control data control applications in manufacturing processes Industrial applications of IT distributed control Protocols

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RYE-HOUSE - A FURTHER STEP IN THE USE OF GAS FOR POWER-GENERATION

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POWER engineering JOURNAL 1995年第1期9卷 33-40页

作者： SMITH, AR SHARPE, M SIEMENS PLC SUNBURY TW16 7HSMIDDXENGLAND

Rye House power station near Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, the second of PowerGen's combined-cycle plants built by Siemens, was officially opened by Lord Wakeham on the 19th April 1994. This article takes a brief lo... 详细信息

关键词： steam turbines fuel Power engineering computing project management gas turbine power stations generation system combined-cycle plants power station control Energy resources Gas-turbine power stations and plants Rye House power station condensers (steam plant) heat recovery Siemens fuel supplies Hertfordshire control of electric power systems combined cycle power stations steam condensing system Combined cycle power stations and plants thermal performance Hoddesdon PowerGen steam turboset control engineering computing environmental considerations power generating technology Steam power stations and plants gas turbine power station electrical system

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