This Letter presents the implementation in a hardware device of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) response model of patients subjected to the infusion of the vasoconstrictor drug phenylephrine, enabling the development...
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This Letter presents the implementation in a hardware device of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) response model of patients subjected to the infusion of the vasoconstrictor drug phenylephrine, enabling the development of automatic control systems in the future. The proposed model was firstly developed in a software platform with Simulink/MatLab using block libraries based on previous research carried out with animals and then implemented on hardware using a single-board computer with microcontroller and code generated in C/C++. The responses of MAP were simulated and compared using the proposed software and hardware model, considering the dynamic effects of several patients. The results showed that the hardware model presented 0.43% as the largest absolute percentage error observed in all trials, for an injection rate of the drug varying in steps with levels of 40 ml/h
The paper is concerned with a logical extension of some previous work on the computer-aided design of control systems. An interactive conversational-mode design technique is presented; this is particularly relevant to...
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The paper is concerned with a logical extension of some previous work on the computer-aided design of control systems. An interactive conversational-mode design technique is presented; this is particularly relevant to a computer which has a modest working core store but possesses tape or disc back up facilities. No knowledge of computer language is required for effective use of the technique.
作者:
Sun, JianChen, ShenyangTongji Univ
Minist Educ Dept Traff Engn Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China Tongji Univ
Minist Educ Key Lab Rd & Traff Engn Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China Tongji Univ
Dept Traff Engn Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China
The effectiveness of signal coordination can be undermined by over-long spacing and different vehicle dynamic characteristics between neighbouring signal intersections in a signalised highway system. This study presen...
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The effectiveness of signal coordination can be undermined by over-long spacing and different vehicle dynamic characteristics between neighbouring signal intersections in a signalised highway system. This study presents two dynamic speed guidance (DSG) strategies based on the traffic environment and facility deployment to congregate the traffic flow and optimise the arterial coordinated signal control system. One of them is the in-car display for individual guidance, and the other is the roadside display for group guidance. The two DSG strategies are calculated using the rolling horizon approach. A simulation platform that integrates data communication, traffic mobility and DSG application is programmed based on VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. A section of Cao'an highway is used to assess the efficiency of two DSG strategies. The assessment results show that both the average stops and travel time of arterial vehicles can be optimised with the application of the two DSG strategies. In addition, the in-car strategy provides a significant benefit for on-board unit equipped vehicles, even in a low level of market penetration rate.
This paper is concerned with modelling and optimal control studies, by computer simulation, of a multimachine power system comprising three interconnected generator units. The most effective generating unit, for the a...
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This paper is concerned with modelling and optimal control studies, by computer simulation, of a multimachine power system comprising three interconnected generator units. The most effective generating unit, for the application of control, is determined by using eigenvalue analysis. A multi-input/multi-output linear model of the system, as seen from this unit, is obtained by least-squares identification. On the basis of this model a multivariable controller is designed, by minimising a quadratic performance index, using the dynamic programming procedure. This local controller employs output feedback, and provides integrated control of the exciter and turbine-valve inputs. Multivariable controllers are also designed and applied to the other generating units, to allow comparative system performance to be examined. System behaviour is assessed in relation to small-and large-disturbance studies. Simulation results include responses to three-phase short circuits, and dynamic and transient stability boundaries.
This paper proposes a distributed control scheme for multi-agent systems to achieve resilient flocking behaviour via event-based communication. The control scheme can provide the required connectivity conditions to fo...
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This paper proposes a distributed control scheme for multi-agent systems to achieve resilient flocking behaviour via event-based communication. The control scheme can provide the required connectivity conditions to form a flock in the presence of cyberattacks in the network. This method is presented in a fully distributed manner to avoid the use of global data. The developed event-triggered update rules can mitigate the influence of the non-cooperative agents with the weighted mean subsequence-reduced algorithm and reduce unnecessary communication among them. It is proved that under the proposed method, convergence is guaranteed and there is no Zeno behaviour exhibited inherently. To relax the requirement of continuous monitoring of self-state, a self-triggered mechanism is proposed further. Simulation results are given to illustrate the theoretical analysis and show the advantages of the event- and self-triggered controllers.
The paper presents a comparison of the admittance models for static reactive-power compensators along with a microcomputer-based digital model for power-system dynamic-performance improvement. Emphasis is placed on st...
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The paper presents a comparison of the admittance models for static reactive-power compensators along with a microcomputer-based digital model for power-system dynamic-performance improvement. Emphasis is placed on stability, and it is shown that static reactive-power (VAr) controllers (SVCs) can provide significant benefits in terms of increased transient stability limits and improved damping in terms of synchronising power-flow oscillations. Further introduction of a simplified self tuner for the SVC can dramatically increase the power-system performance under a variety of abnormal operating conditions, such as 3-phase short circuits, load shedding, reactance switching, pole slipping and resynchronisation conditions. The self-tuning digital control for the SVC can be easily implemented on a microcomputer. Simulation results for a sample power system using an LSI-11/23 microcomputer are presented in the paper.
Recent years have seen many process plants replace hard desk operator interfaces with modern computer based VDU interfaces. Alarm systems have similarly undergone a transformation in their user interface. This article...
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Recent years have seen many process plants replace hard desk operator interfaces with modern computer based VDU interfaces. Alarm systems have similarly undergone a transformation in their user interface. This article describes some of the developments within the UK coal-fired generating industry in moving to the new technology with specific reference to alarm display philosophy.
With the fast proliferation of microgrids integrated into the power grid, several nearby microgrids with common benefit have been coupled to be multi-microgrids (MMGs), which is a significant stage for developing the ...
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With the fast proliferation of microgrids integrated into the power grid, several nearby microgrids with common benefit have been coupled to be multi-microgrids (MMGs), which is a significant stage for developing the smart grid. A suitable control structure and corresponding control device need to be proposed for the MMGs operating efficiently. However, mostly micrgrid control devices are still restricted to the single microgrid and have limited application without the common design. The authors develop control devices with a prodigious popularisation value for the MMGs based on the hierarchical control structure. According to the proposed four-layer control architecture (scheduling layer, central control layer, integrated terminal layer and bottom layer), the hardware and software design suitable for the MMGs control devices and its multi-time scale communication architecture has been presented. Furthermore, the appearance design and interface exploitation were introduced as well. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed MMGs control structure and devices, which could contribute to the large-scale application of MMGs control devices and provide a reference for other MMGs projects.
With the rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies, vehicular networks that communicate with each other will have an innovative application in traffic safety and congestion. This study describes ...
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With the rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies, vehicular networks that communicate with each other will have an innovative application in traffic safety and congestion. This study describes a preliminary study on an automated on-ramp merging control algorithm for vehicles on freeways under condition of Internet-connected vehicles. On the basis of vehicular operation characteristics during the merging process analysis, a cooperative driving algorithm based on Internet of vehicles was designed to achieve ramp merging without collision. Then two on-ramp merging cases, including one vehicle and two vehicles merging into the platoon on main lane, were discussed in detail. Simulation works were carried out and the results proved that the on-ramp merging algorithm was effective, but the vehicle following the leading vehicle on ramp lane is disturbed seriously by the leading vehicle. At the same time, the simulation results also showed the scenario that merging a platoon into the two vehicles on main lane affects the traffic flow more seriously than letting each individual vehicle on ramp lane consecutively to merge in between the two vehicles in the main lane under the same initial condition.
This study proposes an effective diagnosis method for single and multiple open-switch faults (OSFs) in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the real-time estima...
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This study proposes an effective diagnosis method for single and multiple open-switch faults (OSFs) in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the real-time estimation of the three-phase motor currents using three Kalman filters (KFs). Three residual signals are defined as the differences between the three-phase measured and estimated stator currents. The averaged normalised residual signals are used as diagnostic criteria for the detection of OSFs. The proposed method accurately detects the OSFs, localises the faulty switches and effectively discriminates between the OSFs and current sensor faults. The main superiorities of the proposed KF-based method are its fast detection time and high robustness to measurement noises/errors and load variations. Moreover, the proposed method is useful for both closed-loop and open-loop PMSM drives. The proposed method can be embedded as a subroutine in the drive control unit without any hardware extension. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through extensive simulations and several hardware-in-the-loop experiments on a testbed with a 1.5 kW PMSM and dSPACE1104 control board. In addition, the real-time feasibility of the proposed method using low-cost microprocessor technology is guaranteed by testing it on TMS320F28335 from Texas Instruments (c).
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