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Ethics in Autonomous Vehicle Software: The Dilemmas

COMPUTER 2021年第8期54卷 46-55页

作者： Motwani, Sachin Sharma, Tarun Gupta, Anubha Indraprastha Inst Informat Technol Delhi New Delhi 110020 India Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India

Automation is everywhere in the automobile industry. Ethical dilemmas pose a major challenge while designing such systems. It becomes imperative to discuss these dilemmas, thereby helping the software architects to de... 详细信息

关键词： Automobile Industry control engineering computing Ethical Aspects Mobile Robots Autonomous Vehicle Software Automobile Industry Ethical Dilemmas Software Architects Safe Software Reliable Software Secure Software Industries Ethics Autonomous Vehicles Reliability engineering Software Reliability Automobiles

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AUTOMATIC TEST SCHEME FOR A CLASS OF NON-LINEAR SERVOSYSTEMS USING TRANSIENT-RESPONSE DATA

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JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRONIC AND RADIO ENGINEERS 1985年第9期55卷 311-316页

作者： TAWFIK, VY Mechanical Engineering Dept Mosul University Mosul Iraq

The paper discusses the use of digital computers in developing dynamic tests for testing a control system during its actual operation, or for a test rig which simulates the system's working conditions. Usually three levels are required in any successful test scheme: a check-out test to classify the system as faulty or non-faulty, a diagnostic test to locate the parameter or component responsible for the fault and finally an estimation test to establish a quantitative measure for the faulty component before it is repaired or replaced. The scheme is applied in a case study of a throttle control servosystem, where a digital model of the actual system used as a vehicle for the study.

关键词： diagnostic test transient response data check-out test digital computers throttle control servosystem transient response servosystems Computerised instrumentation nonfaulty automatic test equipment dynamic tests automatic test scheme control applications in instrumentation systems and laboratory techniques quantitative measure estimation test faulty control engineering computing servomechanisms nonlinear systems control system nonlinear servosystems digital simulation digital model

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Deep learning-based hybrid model for the behaviour prediction of surrounding vehicles over long-time periods

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2022年第10期16卷 1404-1412页

作者： Gao, Xiang Chen, Long Tai, Kangsheng Cai, Yingfeng Wang, Hai Li, Yicheng Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Automot & Traff Engn Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China

Autonomous vehicles need to have the ability to predict the future behaviour of surrounding vehicles, which helps with proper trajectory planning and tracking. Many behaviour prediction methods have limited application because they have a very limited prediction horizon. This paper proposes a deep learning-based hybrid model for behaviour prediction over long-time periods, including manoeuvre recognition and a behaviour prediction module. In manoeuvre recognition module, the CNN extracts the social characteristics of the target vehicle and LSTM outputs the manoeuvre probability vector to form a contextual feature vector with the social features. In the behaviour prediction module, LSTM and Attention are based on the contextual feature vector to capture multi-time step information in the behaviour time window to complete the prediction of the target vehicle behaviour. Real-car collection and open-source vehicle trajectory datasets were used for training and testing. The results show that the proposed algorithm could predict vehicle behaviour with an accuracy of 89.73% and an average prediction time of 2.032 s, which has a high engineering application value.

关键词： LSTM mobile robots autonomous vehicles target vehicle behaviour prediction trajectory control deep learning (artificial intelligence) contextual feature vector long-time periods control engineering computing automobiles real-car collection tracking path planning convolutional neural nets deep learning-based hybrid model recurrent neural nets open-source vehicle trajectory datasets road traffic control social features CNN manoeuvre recognition feature extraction trajectory planning manoeuvre probability vector behaviour time window probability multitime step information motion control attention mechanism surrounding vehicle behaviour average prediction time traffic engineering computing prediction horizon

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The CMOS end-point and related topics in computing

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computing & control engineering JOURNAL 1996年第2期7卷 101-106页

作者： Wilkes, MV Olivetti Res. Ltd. Cambridge UK

In 1954, the IBM 704 computer represented the state of the art with an add time of 36 mu s. Now we have add times of a few nanoseconds, representing a speeding by a factor of approximately 10 000. One may get an idea of what this means by noting that an algorithm which once took ten minutes can now be done 15 times per second. As a result, industrial applications can now be based on algorithms that were once of academic interest only-an achievement of vital significance in subjects such as pattern recognition.

关键词： Manufacturing and industrial administration control engineering computing add time process control pattern recognition control in industrial production systems industrial applications manufacturing data processing speed up factor CMOS end point IBM 704 computer Industrial applications of IT Industrial processes CMOS integrated circuits

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Performance of gas turbine power plants controlled by the multiagent scheme

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JOURNAL OF engineering FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2007年第3期129卷 738-745页

作者： Dambrosio, Lorenzo Mastrovito, Marco Camporeale, Sergio M. Politecn Bario DIMeG Sez Macchine & Energet I-70125 Bari Italy Polytech Univ DIASS I-74100 Taranto Italy

In recent years the idea of artificial intelligence has been focused around the concept of rational agent. An agent is an (software or hardware) entity that can receive signals from the environment and act upon that environment through output signals, trying to carry out an appropriate task. Seldom agents are considered as stand-alone systems;on the contrary, their main strength can be found in the interaction with other agents, constituting the so-called multiagent system. In the present work, a multiagent system was chosen as a control system of a single-shaft heavy-ditty gas turbine in the multi input multi output mode. The shaft rotational speed (power frequency) and stack temperature (related to the overall gas turbine efficiency) represent the controlled variables;on the other hand, the fuel mass flow (VCE) and the variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) have been chosen as manipulating variables. The results show that the multiagent approach to the control problem effectively counteracts the load reduction (including the load rejection condition) with limited overshoot in the controlled variables (as other control algorithms do) while showing a good level of adaptivity, readiness, precision, robustness, and stability.

关键词： Fuzzy logic power station control power engineering computing Temperature Stress Gas turbines Power stations Inlet guide vanes MIMO systems control engineering computing shafts multi-agent systems Multi-agent systems blades gas turbine power stations

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MULTIVARIABLE ADAPTIVE-control OF BAKERS-YEAST FERMENTATION

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-D control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1986年第5期133卷 247-253页

作者： WILLIAMS, D MONTGOMERY, PA Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Liverpool Polytechnic Liverpool UK

The paper describes an ongoing investigation into the application of a multivariable adaptive control technique to a fed-batch baker's yeast fermentation. The application of conventional 3-term controllers provides poor control due to problems in tuning individual loops, owing to the time-variant and nonlinear properties of the process. Furthermore, the main process variable, cell mass, cannot be measured directly and hence control must be effected by either estimating the cell mass online or, alternatively, by controlling the environment for optimal cell growth. The latter approach requires the simultaneous optimisation of two or more process variables, requiring multivariable techniques. Results are presented describing the practical problems of establishing a suitable structure for the adaptive technique and the experience gained in using recursive least-squares estimation of process variables. The paper also includes results of the online application of multivariable adaptive control on a pilot-plant fermenter.

关键词： control applications in food processing industries multivariable control systems Multivariable control systems fed batch fermentation recursive least-squares estimation bakery yeast fermentation food processing industry online application process computer control Self-adjusting control systems Food industry control technology and theory batch processing (industrial) multivariable adaptive control control engineering computing food industry Industrial applications of IT Industrial processes adaptive control

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MICROPROCESSOR-BASED ADAPTIVE WATER-TURBINE GOVERNOR

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-C GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 1980年第6期127卷 360-369页

作者： FINDLAY, D DAVIE, H FOORD, TR MARSHALL, AG WINNING, DJ N SCOTLAND HYDRO ELECT BOARD EDINBURGH SCOTLAND

Conventional governors of water-turbine-generator sets can be set up to provide either stability when supplying an isolated load or rapid response when connected to a large, predominantly thermal, system. In the paper, an adaptive microprocessor-based governor is described which goes some way to satisfying both requirements. Results are given for tests on a 32.5 MW turbine generator.

关键词： stability 32.5 MW turbine generator control of hydraulic systems hydraulic turbines tests control engineering computing adaptive systems computerised control adaptive microprocessor based governor water turbine Hydroelectric power stations and plants adaptive control

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Quantifying the impact of probe vehicle localisation data errors on signalised junction control

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2012年第2期6卷 197-203页

作者： Waterson, B. Box, S. Univ Southampton Transportat Res Grp Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

This study investigates theoretical signal control algorithms based solely on probe vehicle data. Through development of a simulation system that can model urban signalised junction control using localisation probe data from all vehicles in the local area, improvements in junction operational efficiency that result from the improved input data are demonstrated for both isolated and coordinated junctions. Results from the isolated junction scenario show that the richness of the information contained within probe vehicle data means that control algorithms based just on positions and velocities of vehicles can produce 25% reductions in average delay compared to the current standard control algorithm MOVA. Results from the twin junction scenario confirm the importance of using high-level synchronisation to coordinate closely connected junctions, achieving reductions in average delays (compared to independent control approaches) of up to 40% through a process of weighting the probe vehicle data to reflect prior stage decisions of other parts of the junction. Critical to achieving these benefits, however, is the availability of high localisation accuracy probe data, with results indicating that the levels of accuracy necessary are representative of the typical performance of current in-vehicle global positioning system units, except when those vehicles are operating in urban canyon environments.

关键词： signalised junction control Global Positioning System Spatial variables control reliability urban canyon environments vehicle velocity control algorithms standard control algorithm probe vehicle localisation data errors MOVA junction operational efficiency road traffic control simulation system delays synchronisation high-level synchronisation coordinated junctions twin junction scenario velocity control theoretical signal control algorithms Road-traffic system control vehicle position control algorithms Velocity, acceleration and rotation control road vehicles control engineering computing position control in-vehicle global positioning system

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An architecture for e-automation

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computing & control engineering JOURNAL 2003年第1期14卷 38-43页

作者： Wu, QH Buse, DP Sun, P Fitch, J Univ Liverpool Dept Elect Engn & Elect Liverpool L69 3BX Merseyside England

E-atomation can be used to provide a more flexible and integrated structure for control systems than the traditional SCADA methodology.

关键词： Production engineering computing e-automation Ethernet network control systems industrial automation Internet protocols multi-agent systems control engineering computing Industrial applications of IT client-server techniques Web-based interface multi-agent system integrated structure industrial control

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STEADY-STATE VALUES IN SINGLE-INPUT FEEDBACK SYSTEMS

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1971年第8期7卷 197-&页

作者： FALLSIDE, F SERAJI, H Engineering Department University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

A simple expression is given for the steady-state values of the control input, the states and the outputs of single-input feedback systems. The method allows a fast calculation of the steady-state values for a variety... 详细信息

关键词： control engineering computing single input feedback systems control system synthesis steady state values computer-aided design feedback computer aided control system design control system analysis and synthesis methods

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