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Distributed multi-agent control for combined AC/DC grids with wind power plant clusters

IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2018年第3期12卷 670-677页

作者： Gao, Yang Ai, Qian Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

The combined AC/DC grids have, due to their technological features of high voltage and large capacity as well as operating flexibility and reliability, become one of the most potential solutions to connect large-scale wind farms to power systems. The traditional centralised control lacks flexibility and robustness. In contrast, the distributed control is unable to simultaneously consider global optimum and response speed. A scheme of intelligent distributed control for combined AC/DC grids is proposed to constitute a multi-agent system by equipping each terminal with an agent. While adopting the proposed control method, the optimisation of the upper layer is similar to the traditional grid dispatch and the lower layer system achieves the group compromise through the interaction and coordination among the agents and between the agents and the system. Based on the state information such as the voltage and the frequency of the neighbouring converter stations, the combined AC/DC grids can allocate the active power reasonably through the consistency control and provide the frequency support of the AC grid. Finally, four operating scenarios, including wind speed jump, wind power plant cluster disconnection, converter station failure and load demand response, are verified in a typical model of combined AC/DC grids by using the PSCAD/EMTDC software.

关键词： multi-agent systems wind power plants distributed control demand side management power transmission control control engineering computing distributed multiagent control combined AC-DC grids wind power plant clusters reliability operation flexibility operation large-scale wind farms power systems centralised control global optimum response speed intelligent distributed control multiagent system upper layer optimisation grid dispatch state information neighbouring converter stations active power allocation consistency control wind speed jump wind power plant cluster disconnection converter station failure load demand response PSCAD-EMTDC software

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MULTIVARIABLE ADAPTIVE controlLER FOR A TURBOGENERATOR

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-D control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1986年第2期133卷 83-89页

作者： SHARAF, SMZ HOGG, BW ABDALLA, OH ELSAYED, ML HELWAN UNIV GARDEN CITYEGYPT

The paper describes the design and application of an adaptive controller which overcomes the nonlinearity of the turbogenerator system. The controller tracks the operating conditions and updates an optimal controller as conditions change. Modelling of the turbogenerator employs an output prediction equation and recursive least-squares algorithm. The design uses identified input/output models, obtained over a range of operating conditions in thePQ-plane. Optimal controllers are designed offline for each zone of thePQ-plane and stored in online memory as a look-up table. The computer monitors the operating conditions of the generator and selects the corresponding optimal controller. The paper presents a practical comparison between the fixed-gain and the look-up-table controllers over a wide range of operating conditions, with various fault conditions, including transient stability boundaries of each controller. The results show that a very high quality of control may be achieved using this adaptive controller.

关键词： turbogenerator a.c. machines Power engineering computing multivariable control systems Multivariable control systems output prediction equation transient stability boundaries recursive least-squares algorithm fixed-gain control of electric power systems Self-adjusting control systems Optimal control control system synthesis turbogenerators look-up-table controllers adaptive controller optimal control control engineering computing optimal controller computerised control control system analysis and synthesis methods multivariable controller adaptive control

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Offline model predictive control-based gain scheduling for networked control systems

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IET control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第16期6卷 2585-2591页

作者： Zhao, Y. -B. Kim, J. Liu, G. -P. Univ Glasgow Div Biomed Engn Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Chem Engn London SW7 2AZ England Harbin Inst Technol CTGT Ctr Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Univ Glamorgan Fac Adv Technol Pontypridd CF37 1DL M Glam Wales

A control structure is investigated where the sensor is remotely located from the plant through the communication network, motivated by the inclusion of sensor fusion in networked control systems (NSCs). This control structure admits a broad class of practical NSCs but has rarely been touched before. Motivated by the packet-based control approach, the authors propose an offline model predictive control-based gain scheduling scheme for this control structure. This scheme is capable of actively compensating for the communication constraints, which is an impossible task for conventional control approaches, and at the same time it dramatically reduces the communication and computational costs compared with the packet-based control approach. In this sense, this scheme can be regarded as an important step towards the effective convergence of control, communication and computation.

关键词： control engineering computing packet-based control approach offline model predictive control-based gain scheduling NCS communication constraints sensor fusion control structure control engineering computing communication network predictive control Optimal control Data handling techniques networked control systems

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MICROPROCESSOR-BASED ADAPTIVE LOAD-FREQUENCY control

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-C GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 1984年第4期131卷 121-128页

作者： KANNIAH, J MALIK, OP HOPE, GS TRIPATHY, SC INDIAN INST TECHNOL ENERGY RES CTR NEW DELHI 110029 INDIA

An adaptive control strategy for the load-frequency control problem is investigated. The application of self-tuning regulators is suggested as a suitable alternative to the integral control, used normally for load-frequency control. Such a regulator, as implemented on a microprocessor, is described along with test results on a physical model. Adaptive control strategy is found to be very effective in improving the stability and transient response of the system.

关键词： Frequency control stability Power system management, operation and economics power system control adaptive control strategy control engineering computing control of electric power systems Power and energy control transient response power system computer control load-frequency control microprocessor Power engineering computing frequency control load regulation self-tuning regulators adaptive control

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Data-driven sensor fault detection and isolation of nonlinear systems: Deep neural-network Koopman operator

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IET control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第2期17卷 123-132页

作者： Bakhtiaridoust, Mohammadhosein Irani, Fatemeh Negar Yadegar, Meysam Meskin, Nader Qom Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Qom Iran Qatar Univ Dept Elect Engn Doha Qatar

This paper proposes a data-driven sensor fault detection and isolation approach for the general class of nonlinear systems. The proposed method uses deep neural network architecture to obtain an invariant set of basis functions for the Koopman operator to form a linear predictor for a nonlinear system. Then, the obtained Koopman predictor has been used in a geometric framework for sensor fault detection and isolation purposes without relying on a priori knowledge about the underlying dynamics as well as requiring faulty data, leading to a data-driven sensor fault detection and isolation framework for nonlinear systems. Finally, the approach's efficacy is demonstrated using simulation case study on a two-degree of freedom robot arm.

关键词： data-driven sensor fault detection fault diagnosis Nonlinear control systems faulty data data-driven sensor fault isolation manipulators Koopman predictor deep neural network architecture sensors Neural nets deep neural-network Koopman operator control engineering computing nonlinear systems deep learning (artificial intelligence) nonlinear control systems control engineering computing two-degree of freedom robot arm Manipulators linear predictor

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Classification of power quality disturbances based on KF-ML-aided S-transform and multilayers feedforward neural networks

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第19期14卷 4010-4020页

作者： Xi, Yanhui Li, Zewen Tang, Xin Zeng, Xiangjun Changsha Univ Sci & Technol Hunan Prov Higher Educ Key Lab Power Syst Safety Changsha 410114 Hunan Peoples R China

Classifying power quality (PQ) disturbances is one of the most important issues for PQ control. The S-transform (ST)-based neural networks in conjunction with Kalman filter based on maximum likelihood (KF-ML) are presented for classification of PQ disturbances. To accurately extract features in high-noise cases, the KF-ML is used to remove noise from the original distorted waveform. Then, ST technique is used to extract the significant features of disturbances. Finally, a classifier based on multilayers feedforward neural networks can accurately recognise various types of PQ disturbances. Six simulated single disturbances and six complex ones with different noise levels are tested for the sensitivity to noise. Classification results show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is more than 95% even in 20 dB high-noise condition, and also validate the superiority of strong rejection to noises. Comparison studies between the proposed method and other classification methods are also reported to show the advantages of the proposed approach.

关键词： feature extraction Kalman filters power supply quality transforms feedforward neural nets power engineering computing signal denoising signal classification control engineering computing power system control waveform analysis power quality disturbance classification KF-ML-aided S multilayer feedforward neural networks PQ control Kalman filter maximum likelihood PQ disturbances original distorted waveform ST feature extraction KF-ML-aided S-transform noise figure 20 0 dB

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DIGITAL-COMPUTER control OF VEHICLES IN AN AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS-LONDON 1973年第10期120卷 1267-1272页

作者： RUMSEY, AF POWNER, ET UNIV MANCHESTER INST SCI & TECHNOLDEPT ELECT ENGN & ELECTRPOB 88MANCHESTER M60 1QDENGLAND

In recent years considerable interest has been focused on the possibility of introducing some form of automatic vehicle control as a means of easing congestion in densely populated urban areas. Automatic control enables vehicles to operate safely at high speeds and with small headways, and hence results in increased system capacity. In this paper the authors consider how vehicles in an automated network can be controlled electronically using an on-line digital computer. A ‘cell-following’ control philosophy is assumed and the problem of controlling vehicles on a main-line guideway is modelled as a linear-state regulator problem in discrete-time form. The resulting optimal-control law is found to be stationary, independent of initial conditions and capable of yielding good vehicle-response characteristics. Finally the authors show how the system model can be extended to cater for the problem of merging vehicles from an off-line station onto the main-line guideway. In this case the optimal-control law is shown to be no longer time invariant but can again be precomputed for a given set of initial conditions.

关键词： transportation Transportation automated transportation system digital computer control optimal control Road-traffic system control vehicles road vehicles control engineering applications of computers control engineering computing automatic control

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MCHSE - A VERSATILE FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF 2-LEVEL POWER-SYSTEM STATE ESTIMATORS

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-C GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 1988年第4期135卷 291-298页

作者： MARSH, JF AZZAM, M MINIA UNIV DEPT ELECT ENGN & ELECTRMINIAEGYPT

A new method for the design of static WLS state-estimators on large-scale power systems is described. The approach is based on a simple partitioning, termed ‘α-decomposition’ of the measurement model, and the estimator is implemented on two levels within a multipleprocessor environment. The lower level computation, executed within subsystem processors operating in parallel, is noniterative and of reduced order; the upper level algorithm, also noniterative and of low order, is executed in a single processor. The solution is obtained from alternate entries to the lower and upper levels, continued to a convergence. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence are derived, and lead to new definitions for observability on decomposed power systems. Tests for ‘α-observability’ may be distributed amongst the processors on two levels. The method is optimal and structurally efficient, and convergence is fast (theoretically quadratic). The structure of the estimator is simple and well-defined, and possibilities for suboptimal variants are suggested.

关键词： MCHSE control engineering computing Simulation, modelling and identification power systems two-level power system state estimators alpha observability static WLS state-estimators state estimation subsystem processors Power systems multiple-processor environment Power engineering computing alpha decomposition model coordination hierarchical state estimator parallel processing

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MICROPROCESSOR control OF TIG WELDING SYSTEM

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 1982年第1期129卷 1-8页

作者： SLOAN, K LUCAS, J Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool UK

At the start of the project, a hardwired controller existed for controlling the welding sequence required for pulsed TIG welding. Such a sequence controls the gas flow, arc current and torch movement. This controller has now been replaced by a microprocessor-based design. The system is described in this paper and it readily carries out the functions of the hardwired controller but, in addition, is able to store programs of the welding sequence parameters, operate visual displays and permit alteration by keyboard the value of any one of the parameters even while the weld is being created. The design is based upon the Intel 8080 microprocessor and all the necessary interfaces to the welding plant have been developed. The software was developed initially on a prototyping system and then a main frame computer (ICL 1906S). In order to test the developed controller, an experimental TIG welding apparatus has been constructed. The result of successful welding tests are given including photographs of sample welds. The project has clearly illustrated that microprocessors can be used in hostile electrical environments and the results presented are an important step in the development of a fully automated TIG welding system.

关键词： control engineering computing arc current gas flow Intel 8080 computerised control Joining processes and welding microprocessor based system controller electric welding torch movement Power applications in manufacturing industries keyboard visual displays TIG welding system

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Comparison of performance between Virtual controller Interface Device and controller Interface Device

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2018年第1期12卷 22-30页

作者： Wang, Daobin Tian, Zong Yang, Guangchuan Gholami, Ali Univ Nevada Dept Civil & Environm Engn Reno NV 89557 USA Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Automobile & Traff Engn Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

A controller Interface Device (CID) is a hardware that connects a signal controller to simulation software. Running traffic simulation with an actual controller is called hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and is an important tool for simulating the operations of traffic signals. In practice, it has been found that the existing traditional CIDs have some limitations, particularly when simulating multiple signals. In this regard, a Virtual CID (VCID) is proposed in this study. VCID can connect traffic signal controllers to a micro-simulation software through the National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP). A case study is conducted that uses the same traffic networks to compare the performance of VCID to CID. Queue length, travel time and simulation stability are considered in the evaluation. Results show that VCID could provide accurate and reliable simulation results. In comparison to traditional CIDs, VCID has more advantages as it does not depend on any hardware device and is easy to operate. In addition, since the communications are transformed through Ethernet, thus providing a convenient learning and testing environment for those who do not own a physical signal control laboratory. Therefore, VCID will have a broader prospect for development than CID.

关键词： traffic engineering computing control engineering computing user interfaces telecontrol intelligent transportation systems virtual controller interface device virtual CID VCID traffic signal controllers microsimulation software National Transportation Communications ITS Protocol NTCIP traffic networks queue length travel time simulation stability remote control physical signal control laboratory

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