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A prototype of the direct agglutination test kit (DAT-Canis) for the serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis

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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY 2016年 221卷 9-13页

作者： Oliveira, Edward Saliba, Juliana Wilke Oliveira, Diana Dias, Edelberto Santos Paz, Gustavo Fontes Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou FIOCRUZ Clin Res Lab Av Augusta Lima 1715 BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou FIOCRUZ Leishmaniasis Lab Av Augusto Lima 1715 BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

This report describes the stege I/II development of a new direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) using freeze-dried antigen produced Coomassie blue-stained Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes. In stage I,16 canine serum samples, collected from eight dogs carrying CVL and eight healthy dogs, were assessed with the DAT using 2-mercaptoethanol (2 -ME), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), kaolin or NAC plus urea (NAC+U) to improve the assay conditions. Stage II assessed the diagnostic accuracy with 100 serum samples collected from dogs with symptomatic CVL and clinically healthy dogs, comparing the four different sample diluents. The CVL-DAT prototype kit showed equivalent performances when 2 -ME, NAC or NAC+U were used: 97.1% sensitivity (CI: 83-99.8%), 97% specificity (CI: 88.5-99.5%) and a 97% diagnostic accuracy (CI: 90.8-99.2). With kaolin, a 94.1% sensitivity (CI: 79-99%), 97% specificity (CI: 88.5-99.5%) and 96% diagnostic accuracy were observed (CI: 89.5-98.7), with no statistically significant differences among the four reagents (p = 1.0). The NAC plus urea in sample diluent decreased non-specific agglutination, promoted a better defined sharp-edged blue spot and was thus chosen as a component for the new DAT prototype to diagnose canine VL, designated DAT-Canis. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Canine visceral leishmaniasis Serological diagnosis DAT-Canis control program

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Patterns of individual compliance with anthelmintic treatment for soil-transmitted helminth infections in southern Ethiopia over six rounds of community-wide mass drug administration

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2024年第5期118卷 304-312页

作者： Maddren, R. Collyer, B. Phillips, A. E. Rayment Gomez, S. Abtew, B. Anjulo, U. Tadele, D. Sharma, A. Tamiru, A. Firdawek, E. Chernet, M. Anderson, R. M. Imperial Coll London St Marys CampusPraed St London W2 1NY England FHI360 359 Blackwell StSuite 200 Durham NC USA Fed Minist Hlth 1234 Sudan St Addis Ababa Ethiopia Simprints Cambridge CB1 2FH England Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst Swaziland St2PWJ P8C Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background The mainstay of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control is repeated mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelmintics to endemic populations. Individual longitudinal compliance treatment patterns are important for identifying pockets of infected individuals who remain untreated and serve as infection *** The Geshiyaro Project censused the study population in Wolaita, Ethiopia at baseline in 2018. Individual longitudinal compliance was recorded for six rounds of community-wide MDA (cMDA). The probability distribution of treatment frequency was analysed by age and gender stratifications. Probabilities of transmission interruption for different compliance patterns were calculated using an individual-based stochastic model of Ascaris lumbricoides *** The never-treated (0.42%) population was smaller than expected from a random positive binomial distribution. The observed compliance frequency was well described by the beta-binomial distribution. Preschool-age children (odds ratio [OR] 10.1 [95% confidence interval {CI} 6.63 to 15.4]) had the highest never-treated proportion of the age groups. Conversely, school-age children (SAC) and adults (OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.98 to 1.09]) had the highest always-treated proportion of the age *** The study reports the largest dataset of individual longitudinal compliance to cMDA for STH control. Clear pattens are shown in the age-dependent distribution of individual compliance behaviour. The impact of compliance on the probability of elimination is significant, highlighting the importance of recording the full frequency distribution, not just the never-treated proportion.

关键词： control program individual longitudinal compliance mass drug administration neglected tropical diseases never treated soil-transmitted helminths transmission break

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Mathematical modelling of schistosomiasis japonica: comparison of control strategies in the People's Republic of China

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ACTA TROPICA 2002年第2期82卷 253-262页

作者： Williams, GM Sleigh, AC Li, YS Feng, Z Davis, GM Chen, HG Ross, AGP Bergquist, R McManus, DP Univ Queensland Queensland Inst Med Res Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr Brisbane Qld Australia Chinese Acad Prevent Med Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Hunan Inst Parasit Dis Yueyang Hunan Prov Peoples R China George Washington Univ Med Ctr Washington DC 20037 USA Jiangxi Prov Inst Parasit Dis Nanchang Jiangxi Provinc Peoples R China WHO TDR CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland

We present the first mathematical model on the transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum. The work extends Barbour's classic model of schistosome transmission. It allows for the mammalian host heterogeneity characteristic of the S. japonicum life cycle, and solves the problem of under-specification of Barbour's model by the use of Chinese data we are collecting on human-bovine transmission in the Poyang Lake area of Jiangxi Province in China. The model predicts that in the lake/marshland areas of the Yangtze River basin: (1) once-early mass chemotherapy of humans is little better than twice-yearly mass chemotherapy in reducing human prevalence. Depending on the heterogeneity of prevalence within the population, targeted treatment of high prevalence groups, with lower overall coverage, can be more effective than mass treatment with higher overall coverage. Treatment confers a short term benefit only, with prevalence rising to endemic levels once chemotherapy programs are stopped (2) depending on the relative contributions of bovines and humans, bovine treatment can benefit humans almost as much as human treatment. Like human treatment, bovine treatment confers a short-term benefit. A combination of human and bovine treatment will dramatically reduce human prevalence and maintains the reduction for a longer period of time than treatment of a single host, although human prevalence rises once treatment ceases;(3) assuming 75% coverage of bovines, a bovine vaccine which acts on worm fecundity must have about 75% efficacy to reduce the reproduction rate below one and ensure mid-term reduction and long-term elimination of the parasite. Such a vaccination program should be accompanied by an initial period of human treatment to instigate a short-term reduction in prevalence, following which the reduction is enhanced by vaccine effects;(4) if the bovine vaccine is only 45% efficacious (the level of current prototype vaccines) it will lower the endemic prevalence, but wil

关键词： schistosomiasis japonica Schistosoma japonicum mathematical modelling control program chemotherapy vaccination China

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Tuberculosis in France: New challenges for the practitioners

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REVUE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2009年第2期30卷 142-149页

作者： Che, D. Lefebvre, N. Antoun, F. Fraisse, P. Depinoy, M. Antoine, D. Farge, D. Paty, M. -C. Inst Veille Sanit Dept Malad Infect F-94415 St Maurice France Hospices Civils Strasbourg Strasbourg France DASES Marie De Paris France Hop St Louis Serv Med Interne St Louis France

The need for a national tuberculosis control program was based on disparities of incidence by geographical area or by population group, and A differences in tuberculosis control practice. This program was developed within the context of the 2004 public health act that prioritised tuberculosis control with the objective "to stabilise the tuberculosis incidence by reinforcing control strategies in groups and zones at risk". The tuberculosis control programme, launched in July 2007, aims to consolidate the decrease of the tuberculosis incidence and to reduce the inequalities. This implies, in particular, reaching the most exposed Populations, to ensure an adequate management of cases with a good treatment observance. This also implies preventing transmission in health care settings, and maintaining the low level of multiresistance and must be done despite the loss of expertise due to a decrease in incidence. The six major objectives of the tuberculosis control program are to ensure an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment for all tuberculosis cases, to improve screening, to optimise the BCG policy, to maintain antituberculosis resistance at a low level, to improve the epidemiological surveillance and the knowledge of the determinants of tuberculosis and to improve the management of tuberculosis control activities. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves.

关键词： Tuberculosis control program Antituberculous strategy

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Schistosomiasis control in the 21st century Proceedings of the International Symposium on Schistosomiasis, Shanghai, July 4-6, 2001

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ACTA TROPICA 2002年第2期82卷 95-114页

作者： Zhou, XN Chen, MG McManus, D Bergquist, R Chinese Acad Prevent Med Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Univ Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia Queensland Inst Med Res Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr Brisbane Qld 4006 Australia WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis Geneva Switzerland

A total of 120 papers were presented at the International Symposium on Schistosomiasis which was held in Shanghai, July 4-6, 2001 with the theme of Schistosomiasis control in the 21st Century. In order to focus more attention on the new challenges in control programmes for schistosomiasis as well as show the priority of research areas in new century, we summarize the advances of control programmes and researches in nine areas, including (1) Status of schistosomiasis control programmes: (2) Progress in applied field research: (3) Biology and control approaches of snail hosts (4) Novel approaches for schistosomiasis control: (5) Pathogenesis and morbidity of the disease: (6) Immunology and vaccine development: (7) Screening of population for chemotherapy in low transmission areas;(8) Sustainable intervention methods in different endemic settings (9) Impact of animal schistosomiasis on agricultural development and importance of its control: (10) GIS/RS application and environmental changes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： schistosomiasis Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium control program China

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Detection of BVDV persistently infected animals in Belgium: Evaluation of the strategy implemented

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PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE 2005年第1-2期72卷 121-125页

作者： Letellier, C De Meulemeester, L Lomba, M Mijten, E Kerkhofs, P Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr Dept Virol B-1180 Brussels Belgium Assoc Reg Sante & Identificat Anim Ciney Belgium Dierengezondheidszorg Vlaanderen Belgium

Until now, no official bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) control program has been implemented in Belgium. The only legislation dealing with the detection of BVDV-infected animals concerns the purchase of animals. A strategy of control, based on the identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) animals and the vaccination of cows before insemination has been designed in both the Northern and the Southern part of the country. The strategy of detection of PI animals relies on PCR testing of pools of blood. Individual blood samples corresponding to the positive pools are then tested by BVDV-antigen ELISA. A first evaluation of the measures already applied in Belgium is presented. Data obtained in 2003 are presented and discussed regarding the validation of the laboratory strategy, the prevalence of positive herds, the genotype of circulating viruses, the outcome of antigen positive animals and the need for improvement of the current legislation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： BVDV control program RT-PCR ELISA

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Integrating CSP and DC 8

Integrating CSP and DC

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8th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems

作者： He, JF UN Univ Int Inst Software Technol Macau Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0769517579

Hybrid systems are interactive systems of continuous devices and digital control programs. Typical examples are digital modules that control a physical environment evolving over time. The principal problem of the subject is to model them so that given a specification for the continuous component of the system, we can extract, if this is possible, from the description of the total system and the specification of the continuous component, the specification of the control program which will force the continuous device to meet its specification. This paper presents a formal description language for hybrid systems, which is an integration of CSP, which describes digital control programs, and DC for specification of continuous devices. We define primitive operators over systems in DC and prove that so defined operators meet basic algebraic laws of these operators.

关键词： communicating sequential processes formal specification specification languages temporal logic CSP DC hybrid systems interactive systems digital control programs control program specification logics Declarative control communicating sequential processes formal description language continuous devices primitive operators algebraic laws

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20th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)

作者： Chmiel, Miroslaw Hrynkiewicz, Edward Polok, Dariusz Mocha, Jan Silesian Tech Univ Inst Elect Gliwice Poland ITAM Inst Med Technol & Equipment Zabrze Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987016

Over the recent decades a common approach seems to be taken for granted that only dedicated Central Processing Unit (CPU) offered as self-contained modules by various manufacturers are the only solution for implementation of programmable Logic controllers (PLC). To demonstrate right the contrary authors of this study reveal various CPU solutions of PLCs developed on the basis of some typical microcontrollers, including the ones from the families MCS-51, AVR and ARM with the Cortex M3 core. These CPUs were then employed to run a control program developed in an Instruction List (IL) language that meets recommendations of the IEC-61131-3 standard. The paper demonstrates that the basic operators of the IL language can be used to simplify bodies of the standard defined function and function blocks. The rules are outlined that the authors adhered to at development of commands for the IL language with dedicated examples that explain how these commands can be used to define functionalities for operational modules of counters and timers and a combinational Boolean function - on the example of the LIMIT procedure. It is also suggested to define several new operators that additionally simplify the notation. The scope of investigations includes also comparison between the solutions suggested by stipulations of the standard in question and the own solutions proposed by the authors with presentation of the outcome from the comparison. The disclosed considerations served as the basis to suggest the new architecture for a CPU that is suitable for operation in line with rules imposed by the standard, but on the other hand it can be used for operation with some modifications suggested by the authors and intended to reduce processing time for some operators, Boolean functions and functional blocks.

关键词： Central Processing Unit programmable Logic controller Language Operators Microprocessor control programming Languages Microprogramming control program

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Using Matlab Software Package in the Curriculum of "Mechatronics and Robotics"

Using Matlab Software Package in the Curriculum of "Mechatro...

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International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM)

作者： Kobzev, Alexandr Monakhov, Yuri Lekareva, Anastasia Vladimir State Univ Vladimir Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538681190

This report examines the synthesis of mathematical and simulation models of robotic systems using the MATLAB software package as the foundation for mastering basic skills in the design and control of robotic systems. The article delineates tasks of mathematical modeling in the training of specialists in the field of robotic systems control. The paper represents the software structure for the simulation of manipulation systems based on the description of the considered objects in the form of kinematic and dynamic models. The authors propose a general approximate research plan for such simulations. The article examines the process of constructing a mathematical model of multi-coordinate technological robot with sequential kinematics and six degrees of mobility, working in angular spherical coordinate system. This model allows specialists to explore the manipulator motion when developing various technological trajectories, analyze errors and dynamic loads in joints arising during functioning, implement various control algorithms and estimate the accuracy of their performance.

关键词： mathematical modeling design of robotic systems Matlab mathematical model of the dynamics mechanical system of the manipulation robot kinematics and dynamical problems control program

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The BOT Mode in Transportation Investment and its control Strategy

The BOT Mode in Transportation Investment and its Control St...

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International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management

作者： Su Yikun Luo Yunjiao NE Forestry Univ Coll Engn Technol Harbin 150040 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424473281

There is a disagreement on profits among the related parties of BUT mode transportation infrastructure construction. By analyzing the goals, beneficial points and resource conditions of both government and chief contractors, this paper proposed a Game-Equilibrium Model on BUT-mode transportation infrastructure construction concerned investing and financing economy, social benefits analysis and price-decision policy. As the conclusion, it puts forward a best corresponding programmed between the government and the contractors under a particular condition. It also gives us some theoretical support on policy-making among the related parties on transportation infrastructure construction.

关键词： Game-Equilibrium Model control program Investing & Financing Mode

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