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Hawaiian Residents' Preferences for Miconia control program Attributes Using Conjoint Choice Experiment and Latent Class Analysis

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2010年第2期45卷 250-260页

作者： Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine Lin, Tun Yang, Fang Sisior, Gwendalyn Natl Pk Management Off Yunnan Prov Forestry Dept Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Univ Hawaii Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA Asian Dev Bank E Asia Dept Manila Philippines

Invasive species control or eradication is an important issue. On the islands of Hawaii, this problem is exceedingly evident when it comes to Miconia calvescens (Miconia). Adequate funding is needed to control or eradicate this invasive plant, but with the limited amount of funding available for the fight against Miconia, it is important to make sure that the fund is being spent in a way that addresses the needs or preferences of the Hawaiian residents. Using the conjoint choice experiment method, we designed a survey that would measure the Hawaiian residents' willingness to support Miconia control program attributes. The attributes focused on were cost, biodiversity loss, extent of spread and soil erosion. Latent class approach was used to assess the surveyed population to see the different preferences by individual classes. The results show three different classes or groups of individuals with varying preferences for a control program of which cost and erosion were the top preferred attributes among the classes. These groups were defined by their socio-demographics of income, the length of residency and exposure to farming/gardening activities. Even with a preference for lower cost, a group showed willingness to pay more ($2.40) for a program that reduces erosion from high to low. Finally, the biodiversity attribute had very low consideration from a majority of the respondents showing the need for educating the public regarding its importance in preserving the unique environment in Hawaii.

关键词： Miconia Hawaii Conjoint choice experiment Valuation Latent class analysis control program

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Attitudes of Canadian dairy farmers toward a voluntary Johne's disease control program

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JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 2010年第4期93卷 1491-1499页

作者： Sorge, U. Kelton, D. Lissemore, K. Godkin, A. Hendrick, S. Wells, S. Univ Guelph Dept Populat Med Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada Ontario Minist Agr Food & Rural Affairs Elora ON N0B 1S0 Canada Western Coll Vet Med Saskatoon SK S7N 5B4 Canada Univ Minnesota Dept Vet Populat Med St Paul MN 55108 USA

The success of Johne's disease (JD) control programs based on risk assessment (RA) depends on producers' compliance with suggested management practices. One objective of this study was to describe the perception of participating Canadian dairy farmers of the impact of JD, the RA process, and suggested management strategies. The second objective was to describe the cost of changes in management practices following the RA. A telephone survey was conducted with 238 dairy farmers in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The producers agreed to participate in this follow-up study after they had been enrolled in an RA-based voluntary JD control program and had tested their herd with the JD milk ELISA test in 2005 to 2007. The majority of farms had no JD test-positive cows and, although some producers thought they had experienced the economic impact of JD, many did not see JD as a current problem for their herd. The majority of producers enrolled in this program because they were concerned that Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis could be perceived by consumers as a cause for Crohn's disease in humans, which could lead to altered purchasing behavior of milk and milk products. Fifty-two farm-specific recommendations had been made after the initial RA. Although the producers generally liked the program and found the recommendations reasonable and feasible, on average only 2 of 6 suggestions made specifically to them were implemented. The recommendation with the highest compliance was culling of JD test-positive cows. The main reasons for noncompliance were that the dairy producer did not believe a change of management practices was necessary or the available barn setting or space did not allow the change. Producers were generally uncomfortable estimating time and monetary expenses for management changes, but found that several suggested management practices actually saved time and money. In addition, 39% of the producers that implemented at le

关键词： perception dairy farmer Johne's disease control program

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Evaluation of the Johne's disease risk assessment and management plan on dairy farms in Ontario, Canada

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JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 2015年第10期98卷 6792-6800页

作者： Pieper, Laura Sorge, Ulrike S. DeVries, Trevor J. Godkin, Ann Lissemore, Kerry Kelton, David F. Univ Guelph Dept Populat Med Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada Univ Minnesota Dept Vet Populat Med St Paul MN 55108 USA Univ Guelph Dept Anim & Poultry Sci Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada MRA OMAF Vet Sci & Policy Grp Elora ON N1G 4Y2 Canada

Johne's disease (JD) is a production-limiting gastrointestinal disease in cattle. To minimize the effects of JD, the Ontario dairy industry launched the Ontario Johne's Education and Management Assistance program in 2010. As part of the program, trained veterinarians conducted a risk assessment and management plan (RAMP), an on-farm questionnaire where high RAMP scores are associated with high risk of JD transmission. Subsequently, veterinarians recommended farm-specific management practices for JD prevention. Milk or serum ELISA results from the milking herd were used to determine the herd ELISA status (HES) and within-herd prevalence. After 3.5 yr of implementation of the program, the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among RAMP scores, HES, and recommendations. Data from 2,103 herds were available for the analyses. A zero-inflated negative binomial model for the prediction of the number of ELISA-positive animals per farm was built. The model included individual RAMP questions about purchasing animals in the logistic portion, indicating risks for between-herd transmission, and purchasing bulls, birth of calves outside the designated calving area, colostrum and milk feeding management, and adult cow environmental hygiene in the negative binomial portion, indicating risk factors for within-herd transmission. However, farms which fed low-risk milk compared with milk replacer had fewer seropositive animals. The model additionally included the JD herd history in the negative binomial and the logistic portion, indicating that herds with a JD herd history were more likely to have at least 1 positive animal and to have a higher number of positive animals. Generally, a positive association was noted between RAMP scores and the odds of receiving a recommendation for the respective risk area;however, the relationship was not always linear. For general JD risk and calving area risk, seropositive herds had higher odds of receiving recommendations compared with

关键词： paratuberculosis risk assessment control program evaluation

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20th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)

作者： Chmiel, Miroslaw Hrynkiewicz, Edward Polok, Dariusz Mocha, Jan Silesian Tech Univ Inst Elect Gliwice Poland ITAM Inst Med Technol & Equipment Zabrze Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987016

Over the recent decades a common approach seems to be taken for granted that only dedicated Central Processing Unit (CPU) offered as self-contained modules by various manufacturers are the only solution for implementation of programmable Logic controllers (PLC). To demonstrate right the contrary authors of this study reveal various CPU solutions of PLCs developed on the basis of some typical microcontrollers, including the ones from the families MCS-51, AVR and ARM with the Cortex M3 core. These CPUs were then employed to run a control program developed in an Instruction List (IL) language that meets recommendations of the IEC-61131-3 standard. The paper demonstrates that the basic operators of the IL language can be used to simplify bodies of the standard defined function and function blocks. The rules are outlined that the authors adhered to at development of commands for the IL language with dedicated examples that explain how these commands can be used to define functionalities for operational modules of counters and timers and a combinational Boolean function - on the example of the LIMIT procedure. It is also suggested to define several new operators that additionally simplify the notation. The scope of investigations includes also comparison between the solutions suggested by stipulations of the standard in question and the own solutions proposed by the authors with presentation of the outcome from the comparison. The disclosed considerations served as the basis to suggest the new architecture for a CPU that is suitable for operation in line with rules imposed by the standard, but on the other hand it can be used for operation with some modifications suggested by the authors and intended to reduce processing time for some operators, Boolean functions and functional blocks.

关键词： Central Processing Unit programmable Logic controller Language Operators Microprocessor control programming Languages Microprogramming control program

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A Proposal of Fault Tree Analysis for control programs 53

A Proposal of Fault Tree Analysis for Control Programs

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SICE Annual Conference (SICE)

作者： Takahashi, Masakazu Nanba, Reiji Univ Yamanashi Dept Comp Sci Yamanashi Japan Daiichi Inst Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Kagoshima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784907764456

This paper proposes a method of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) for control program. If malfunction of control program occurs, industrial product into which program is installed may behave inadequately. As a result, it causes some faults for industrial products, but it also causes damages to the users and environments. This paper proposes following method;prepare FT templates corresponding to the program structure, extract characteristics of control program, and develop FT according to the predefined rules. As a result, we can develop FT mechanically. The proposed FTA method is applied to an analysis of "spin too fast" fault for satellite, and FT is developed. The result of FT is adequate. This result shows that safety of control program installed into industrial products are improved by applying the proposed FTA method for control program.

关键词： control program Fault Tree Analysis Safety Analysis Safeware

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Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in an ICU of a university hospital in Wroclaw, Poland: an international nosocomial infection control consortium's findings

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Crit Care 2015年第SUPPL 1期19卷 P74-P74页

作者： W Duszynska VD Rosenthal A Litwin E Woznica A Kubler University Hospital Wroclaw Poland International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Buenos Aires Argentina

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Lymphatic filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of residents

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PARASITES & VECTORS 2014年第1 p545-545期7卷 1-9页

作者： Al-Abd, Nazeh M. Nor, Zurainee Mohamed Ahmed, Abdulhamid Al-Adhroey, Abdulelah H. Mansor, Marzida Kassim, Mustafa Univ Malaya Fac Med Dept Parasitol Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Umaru Musa Yaradua Univ Fac Nat & Appl Sci Dept Biol Katsina Katsina State Nigeria Univ Malaya Fac Med Dept Anesthesiol Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a major cause of permanent disability in many tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Malaysia is one of the countries in which LF is an endemic disease. Five rounds of the mass drug administration (MDA) program have been conducted in Malaysia as part of the Global program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) by year 2020. This study investigated the level of awareness of LF and the MDA program in a population living in an endemic area of the country. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey that involved 230 respondents (>= 15 years old) living in the LF endemic communities of Terengganu state in Peninsular Malaysia was performed. Demographic, socioeconomic, and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) data of the respondents were obtained using pre-tested questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS software version 13.0. Results: More than 80% of the respondents were aware of LF and the common symptoms of the disease. Moreover, about 70% of the respondents that were aware of LF indicated that it is a problematic disease. Approximately 77% of the respondents indicated that filariasis is transmitted by mosquitoes. Two-thirds of respondents preferred hospital treatment for illness;however, only 12% had participated and/or received treatment for LF during an MDA program. Only 35% of the respondents that participated in this research were aware of the MDA program that had taken place in the area. None of the respondents had knowledge of the drug used in the treatment of LF. The findings from this research indicated that there was no significant association between LF awareness and with gender, age group, educational status, occupation, or socio-economic status of the respondents (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A good proportion of the respondents are aware of LF, its mode of transmission and symptoms, however they demonstrated a poor knowledge of MDA which took place in the study area. For greater understanding of LF

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration control program Mosquito

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Seasonal shifts in macronutrient preferences in supercolonies of the invasive Yellow Crazy Ant Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean

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AUSTRAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014年第3期53卷 337-346页

作者： Abbott, Kirsti L. Green, Peter T. O'Dowd, Dennis J. Monash Univ Sch Biol Sci Clayton Vic 3800 Australia La Trobe Univ Dept Bot Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia

The timing and duration of sexual brood production in ants can affect their rate of spread and colony growth. Because protein is key to larval growth, queen survival and fecundity, macronutrient collection by foraging workers is expected to favour protein prior to and throughout gyne production. However, food preference driven by the production of gynes may be overridden by a preference associated with worker production, especially if investment in workers vastly outweighs that of sexual brood and workers are produced on different schedules. Food preferences alone may not indicate the availability of that food type in the environment. On Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, sexual brood of the invasive Yellow Crazy Ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857), was produced annually during a single period associated with the onset of the wet season. However, workers were produced continuously throughout the year and colony investment to worker production measured by the standing biomass of eggs, larvae and pupae, typically exceeded 98%. High, aseasonal investment in worker production, together with aseasonal worker activity, would suggest that there should be no seasonal preference shown by workers at food stations containing both protein and carbohydrate. However, workers showed a preference for one food type over another on 46 of 61 occasions at one site and on 31 of 41 occasions at another. When a preference was shown, it was predominantly for protein-rich food during the dry season and almost always for carbohydrate at the onset and during the wet season. We suggest that these preferences reflect seasonal shortages in key resources when invertebrates (protein-rich) are scarce during the dry season and honeydew from scale insects (carbohydrate) is depleted by rain during the wet season. On Christmas Island, timing and duration of the dry season preference for protein has been exploited by the control program for A. gracilipes supercolonies, which deploys a toxin in a prot

关键词： control program invasive ant life history mutualism seasonality

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New modelling formalism for control programs of flexible manufacturing systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 2013年第6期51卷 1668-1679页

作者： Ko, Minsuk Park, Sang C. Choi, Jung-Ju Chang, Minho Ajou Univ Dept IE Suwon 441749 South Korea Ajou Univ Dept Digital Media Suwon 441749 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Mech Engn Seoul South Korea

Proposed in this paper is a modelling formalism, called the FMS control model, which is able to provide a detailed guideline for the implementation of the FMS control program (PLC program). Although, there are numerous simulation models for FMSs describing the system dynamics at the level of discrete event simulation, they cannot be fully utilised for the generation of a real control program involving sensors and actuators. Due to this, PLC programs for FMSs are usually done by the repetitive method of code writing, testing, and debugging until the control objectives are achieved. This is an error-prone and time-consuming task. The proposed FMS control model is described at the level of sensors and actuators. It can support the PLC program generation from the model. Since the FMS control model has been developed by expanding the DEVS formalism, it has a well-defined formalism. The proposed methodology has been implemented and test runs were made.

关键词： FMS control program PLC electrical implementation FMS control

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Study on the cost control of construction project 3

Study on the cost control of construction project

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3rd International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE)

作者： Zhang, Ying Zhuang, Siyu Hubei Univ Technol Sch Econ Wuhan 430068 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Technol Sch Civil Engn & Architecture Wuhan 430068 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038352587

Cost control of engineering construction project is a complex system engineering, which needs to implement a scientific and comprehensive dynamic management. This paper expounds the connotation and significance of the cost control of engineering construction project, the systematically discourses the project cost management subject program and work content, and considering the engineering practice, emphatically analyzes cost management and cost control measures in the construction phase, to help construction enterprise do the job of engineering construction project cost control, and to improve the service efficiency of funds of infrastructure construction.

关键词： Construction project Cost management control program Methods and measures

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