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REMARKS ON IMPROVING OF OPERATION SPEED OF THE PLCs

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 44-49页

作者： Mirosław CHMIEL Edward HRYNKIEWICZ Adam MILIK Institute of Electronics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland

The paper presents two different approaches to optimising operation speed of programmable Logic controllers. First approach optimizes architecture of the CPU and the program execution. It shows the two processors bit-byte architecture which support of concurrent execution of bit and byte computation tasks. Second approach bases on hardware implemented control algorithm in reconfigurable platform based on FPGA. In second solution high performance is achieved by fully concurrent hardware execution of algorithm. Specific implementation tools enables typical PLC programming for hardware target platform.

关键词： programmable Logic controller Central Processing Unit Bit-Byte Structure of CPU control program Scan Time Throughput Time Reconfigurable Logic controller programmable Logic Devices Field programmable Gate Arrays Parallel Processing

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Simulation of alternatives for the Dutch Johne's disease certification-and-monitoring program

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PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE 2004年第1期62卷 1-17页

作者： Weber, MF Groenendaal, H van Roermund, HJW Nielen, M Anim Hlth Serv NL-7400 AA Deventer Netherlands Wageningen Univ Farm Management Grp NL-6709 KN Wageningen Netherlands Inst Anim Sci & Hlth Quantitat Vet Epidemiol NL-8200 AB Lelystad Netherlands

To identify optimal method(s) for certification and subsequent monitoring of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map)-unsuspected herds, certification-and-monitoring schemes were studied using a stochastic simulation model ("JohneSSim"). JohneSSim simulated the within-herd transmission and economic aspects of Map in closed Dutch dairy herds. The model was validated with field observations on Map-unsuspected herds. The current Dutch certification-and-monitoring schemes were compared with 11 alternative schemes in which individual and pooled fecal culture, ELISA, Johnin-intradermal test and gamma-IFN ELISA were used, varying the test frequency, tested age group and number of tested animals. On reaching the 'Map-free' status with the standard certification scheme, 11% of the simulated herds were not truly Map-free. Therefore, the designation 'Map-free' should be changed into, for instance, 'low-risk Map'. In the most-attractive alternative certification scheme, the 'Map-free' status was reached after four herd examinations (at 2-year intervals) consisting of serial testing of all cattle > 2 years of age with a pooled fecal culture and individual fecal culture of positive pools. This scheme resulted in lower total and annual discounted costs and a lower animal-level prevalence at reaching the 'Map-free' status compared to the standard scheme, assuming that there was no new introduction of the infection. Schemes to monitor the 'Map-free' status were compared, assuming that this status was reached with the standard certification scheme. In comparison to the standard monitoring scheme, none of the alternative monitoring schemes resulted in both a lower animal-level prevalence of undetected pre-existing Map infections in closed herds, and lower median annual discounted costs. Results of the model were very sensitive to the assumed sensitivity of the fecal culture test and to management measures that prevent within-herd transmission of Map. If these preventive measu

关键词： cattle paratuberculosis Monte Carlo simulation certification monitoring control program

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A02: Concurrent operation of the processors in bit-byte CPU of a PLC

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第20期37卷 15-20页

作者： Mirosław Chmiel Edward Hrynkiewicz Institute of Electronics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland

The paper presents some hardware solutions for the bit-byte CPU of a PLC, which are oriented for optimisation of data exchange between the CPU processors. The optimisation intends to maximum utilisation of the capabilities of two-processor architecture of the CPUs. The key point is preserving high speed of instruction processing by the bit-processor, and high functionality of the byteprocessor. The optimal structure should enable the processors to work in concurrent mode to the furthest extend possible, and minimise the situations, when one processor has to wait for the other.

关键词： PLC Central Processing Unit Bit-Byte Structure of CPU control program Scan Time Throughput Time Concurrent Mode

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Cruise control of automated manual transmission vehicles

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COMPUTING & control ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2003年第1期14卷 18-21页

作者： Qin, GH Ge, AL Zhao, JH Lee, JJ Jilin Univ Sch Engn & Comp Sci Beijing Peoples R China Jilin Univ Sch Vehicle Engn Beijing Peoples R China Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Seoul South Korea

A cruise control algorithm has been developed for vehicles with automated manual transmission. the algorithm is based on fuzzy logic and is embedded in the control program of the AMT.

关键词： control program cruise control control technology and theory control applications in other industries Road-traffic system control automobiles Fuzzy control automated manual transmission vehicles fuzzy control Automobile industry fuzzy logic

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Brazilian response to the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic among injection drug users

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2003年第Sup5期37卷 S382-S385页

作者： Mesquita, B Doneda, D Gandolfi, D Nemes, MIB Andrade, T Bueno, R Trigueiros, DPE Sao Paulo City Hlth Dept STD AIDS Control Program Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Brazilian STD AIDS Control Program Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Dept Prevent Med Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Fed Bahia Ctr Studies & Therapies Alcohol & Drugs Salvador BA Brazil

The Brazilian response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) epidemic is being observed all over the world because of its success. Understanding the role of injection drug users (IDUs) in the epidemic and the political response thereto is a key factor in the control of the epidemic in Brazil. This paper summarizes some of the most important analyses of the Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic among and from IDUs. Key elements of the response include the support of the Brazilian Universal Public Health System, the provision of universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy, and the creation of harm reduction projects that are politically and financially supported by the federal government. The response among and from IDUs is a key element in overall control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The response to the epidemic among and from IDUs has been headed in the correct direction since its beginning and is now being intensively expanded.

关键词： .immunode federal government control program Injection drug Sa Paulo IDUs STD/AIDS Brazilian Response

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Mathematical modelling of schistosomiasis japonica: comparison of control strategies in the People's Republic of China

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ACTA TROPICA 2002年第2期82卷 253-262页

作者： Williams, GM Sleigh, AC Li, YS Feng, Z Davis, GM Chen, HG Ross, AGP Bergquist, R McManus, DP Univ Queensland Queensland Inst Med Res Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr Brisbane Qld Australia Chinese Acad Prevent Med Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Hunan Inst Parasit Dis Yueyang Hunan Prov Peoples R China George Washington Univ Med Ctr Washington DC 20037 USA Jiangxi Prov Inst Parasit Dis Nanchang Jiangxi Provinc Peoples R China WHO TDR CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland

We present the first mathematical model on the transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum. The work extends Barbour's classic model of schistosome transmission. It allows for the mammalian host heterogeneity characteristic of the S. japonicum life cycle, and solves the problem of under-specification of Barbour's model by the use of Chinese data we are collecting on human-bovine transmission in the Poyang Lake area of Jiangxi Province in China. The model predicts that in the lake/marshland areas of the Yangtze River basin: (1) once-early mass chemotherapy of humans is little better than twice-yearly mass chemotherapy in reducing human prevalence. Depending on the heterogeneity of prevalence within the population, targeted treatment of high prevalence groups, with lower overall coverage, can be more effective than mass treatment with higher overall coverage. Treatment confers a short term benefit only, with prevalence rising to endemic levels once chemotherapy programs are stopped (2) depending on the relative contributions of bovines and humans, bovine treatment can benefit humans almost as much as human treatment. Like human treatment, bovine treatment confers a short-term benefit. A combination of human and bovine treatment will dramatically reduce human prevalence and maintains the reduction for a longer period of time than treatment of a single host, although human prevalence rises once treatment ceases;(3) assuming 75% coverage of bovines, a bovine vaccine which acts on worm fecundity must have about 75% efficacy to reduce the reproduction rate below one and ensure mid-term reduction and long-term elimination of the parasite. Such a vaccination program should be accompanied by an initial period of human treatment to instigate a short-term reduction in prevalence, following which the reduction is enhanced by vaccine effects;(4) if the bovine vaccine is only 45% efficacious (the level of current prototype vaccines) it will lower the endemic prevalence, but wil

关键词： schistosomiasis japonica Schistosoma japonicum mathematical modelling control program chemotherapy vaccination China

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Schistosomiasis control in the 21st century Proceedings of the International Symposium on Schistosomiasis, Shanghai, July 4-6, 2001

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ACTA TROPICA 2002年第2期82卷 95-114页

作者： Zhou, XN Chen, MG McManus, D Bergquist, R Chinese Acad Prevent Med Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Univ Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia Queensland Inst Med Res Australian Ctr Int & Trop Hlth & Nutr Brisbane Qld 4006 Australia WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis Geneva Switzerland

A total of 120 papers were presented at the International Symposium on Schistosomiasis which was held in Shanghai, July 4-6, 2001 with the theme of Schistosomiasis control in the 21st Century. In order to focus more attention on the new challenges in control programmes for schistosomiasis as well as show the priority of research areas in new century, we summarize the advances of control programmes and researches in nine areas, including (1) Status of schistosomiasis control programmes: (2) Progress in applied field research: (3) Biology and control approaches of snail hosts (4) Novel approaches for schistosomiasis control: (5) Pathogenesis and morbidity of the disease: (6) Immunology and vaccine development: (7) Screening of population for chemotherapy in low transmission areas;(8) Sustainable intervention methods in different endemic settings (9) Impact of animal schistosomiasis on agricultural development and importance of its control: (10) GIS/RS application and environmental changes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： schistosomiasis Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium control program China

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Integrating CSP and DC 8

Integrating CSP and DC

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8th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems

作者： He, JF UN Univ Int Inst Software Technol Macau Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0769517579

Hybrid systems are interactive systems of continuous devices and digital control programs. Typical examples are digital modules that control a physical environment evolving over time. The principal problem of the subject is to model them so that given a specification for the continuous component of the system, we can extract, if this is possible, from the description of the total system and the specification of the continuous component, the specification of the control program which will force the continuous device to meet its specification. This paper presents a formal description language for hybrid systems, which is an integration of CSP, which describes digital control programs, and DC for specification of continuous devices. We define primitive operators over systems in DC and prove that so defined operators meet basic algebraic laws of these operators.

关键词： communicating sequential processes formal specification specification languages temporal logic CSP DC hybrid systems interactive systems digital control programs control program specification logics Declarative control communicating sequential processes formal description language continuous devices primitive operators algebraic laws

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Overview of cancer in Malaysia

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2002年第SUPPL_1期32卷 S37-S42页

作者： Lim, GCC Hosp Kuala Lampur Dept Radiotherapy & Oncol Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

The problem of cancer in Malaysia is a growing one. It is now the fourth leading cause of death among medically certified deaths. Cancer of the lung is the most common killer among malignancies. It is estimated that the annual incidence of cancer is 30 000. The majority of patients are found at a late stage of the disease. The National Cancer control program aims to reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer and to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Policies encompass prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, palliative care and rehabilitation. The program for prevention includes an anti-smoking campaign and immunization of babies against hepatitis B. Papanicolaou's smear and breast self-examination are among efforts for the early detection of cancer. Public education and the promotion of healthy lifestyles have been actively carried out. Facilities for treatment and palliative care are being developed further. Networks between the public and private sectors and non-governmental organizations have been ongoing. Apart from the establishment and upgrading of treatment facilities, the need for training of skilled staff in the treatment of cancer is highlighted.

关键词： Malaysia cancer control program

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Cancer control in Thailand

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2002年第S期32卷 S82-S91页

作者： Vatanasapt, V Sriamporn, S Vatanasapt, P Khon Kaen Univ Fac Med Canc Unit Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

Cancer in Thailand is becoming a significant health problem. It is the leading cause of death in Thailand. Several cancers can be prevented by a nationwide campaign of health education to prevent raw fish intake and an antismoking campaign. An appropriate cervical cancer and breast cancer screening program can improve the recent prevalence of both and lead to better results of treatment. Research related to the carcinogenesis mechanism of certain cancers can lead to greater understanding and a better plan of control.

关键词： Thailand cancer control program

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