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Development of Software-controlled Systems for Monitoring Physical Parameters of Nuclear Research Reactor Radiation

PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI 2018年第11期81卷 1606-1610页

作者： Pikulina, G. N. Ovchinnikov, M. A. Yukhnevich, V. A. Koshelev, A. S. Drozdov, Yu. M. Raspopov, N. V. Majornikov, V. S. Pickorskiy, I. M. All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys Russian Fed Nucl Ctr Sarov 607188 Russia

Multifunctional software-controlled systems for monitoring the physical parameters of nuclear research reactor radiation has been developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF). The paper discusses approaches to designing and principles of building such systems as a combination of software and hardware tools using techniques for the diagnosis of radiation fields developed at the VNIIEF.

关键词： neutron flux density neutron fluence nuclear reactor power and energy release reactivity gamma-radiation dose rate software-controlled system measuring channel control program user interface

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Brazilian response to the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic among injection drug users

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2003年第Sup5期37卷 S382-S385页

作者： Mesquita, B Doneda, D Gandolfi, D Nemes, MIB Andrade, T Bueno, R Trigueiros, DPE Sao Paulo City Hlth Dept STD AIDS Control Program Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Brazilian STD AIDS Control Program Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Dept Prevent Med Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Fed Bahia Ctr Studies & Therapies Alcohol & Drugs Salvador BA Brazil

The Brazilian response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) epidemic is being observed all over the world because of its success. Understanding the role of injection drug users (IDUs) in the epidemic and the political response thereto is a key factor in the control of the epidemic in Brazil. This paper summarizes some of the most important analyses of the Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic among and from IDUs. Key elements of the response include the support of the Brazilian Universal Public Health System, the provision of universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy, and the creation of harm reduction projects that are politically and financially supported by the federal government. The response among and from IDUs is a key element in overall control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The response to the epidemic among and from IDUs has been headed in the correct direction since its beginning and is now being intensively expanded.

关键词： .immunode federal government control program Injection drug Sa Paulo IDUs STD/AIDS Brazilian Response

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Epidemiological surveillance of ovine hydatidosis in Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia Argentina, 1997-1999

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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY 2006年第3-4期138卷 377-381页

作者： Zanini, Fabian Gonzalo, Roberto Perez, Hector Aparici, Ines Soto, Ximena Guerrero, Juvenal Cerrone, Gloria Elissondo, Celina Programa Control Hidatidosis & Zoonosis Tierra Fu RA-9420 Rio Grande Tierra Fuego Argentina Hosp Reg RA-9420 Rio Grande Tierra Fuego Argentina Matadero Municipal Dept Inspecc RA-9420 Rio Grande Tierra Fuego Argentina Univ Buenos Aires Fac Farm & Bioquim Catedra Genet & Biol Mol RA-1113 Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ Mar del Plata CONICET Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat Lab Zoonosis Parasitarias RA-7600 Mar Del Plata Argentina

Cystic echinococcosis is the most prevalent zoonosis in Tierra del Fuego province, Argentina, with important economic, productive and public health consequences. The present work was performed to determine the ovine prevalence in Tierra del Fuego. Argentina, as well as to evaluate the quality of diagnostic systems in slaughterhouses. Moreover, genetic analyses to characterize the strain of Echinococcus granulosus involved in the region were done. The first actions to perform a diagnosis of the epidemiological situation of hydatidosis in Tierra del Fuego were done between 1976 and 1977. A canine prevalence of 80% and an ovine prevalence of 55% results were obtained. Since 1979 the control program of Hydatidosis of Tierra del Fuego was implemented. It was based on semiannual canine anthelmintic treatment with praziquantel at dose of 5 mg/kg, and complemented with sanitary education and canine and ovine epidemiological surveillance. During May 1997-January 1999: 5916 sheep coming from 20 farms of the programmatic area were evaluated. In the lamb category, hydatid cysts were not found. In the adults category, 62 infected animals were found (3.2%). The ovine prevalence was 1.1% and there was 100% of coincidence between diagnosis in the slaughterhouse, re-inspection in the laboratory and histopathological study. The marked decrease in the prevalence observed for sheep infection evidenced a destabilization of the biological cycle of the parasite. This could be explained by the application of a control program with uninterrupted systematic actions. Polymerase chain reaction-ribosomal ITS-1 DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and partial sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene were used to characterize E. granulosus isolates collected from different regions of Tierra del Fuego to determine which genotypes occurred in this region. The results revealed the presence of the G1 genotype (sheep-dog strain). Thi

关键词： hydatidosis prevalence in sheep control program Echinococcus granulosus

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Transport from production facility to release locations caused a decline in quality of sterile Queensland fruit fly received for SIT application

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ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA 2021年第11期169卷 1020-1026页

作者： Dominiak, Bernard C. Fanson, Benjamin NSW Dept Primary Ind Biosecur & Food Safety 105 Prince St Orange NSW 2800 Australia Deakin Univ Ctr Integrat Ecol Geelong Vic 3216 Australia

Fruit flies are among the most destructive horticultural pests. For Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the sterile insect technique (SIT) is the main control method used in southeastern Australia. SIT involves the mass rearing of Qfly, sterilisation of pupae by irradiation, transport to release centres, and release of sterile Qfly to disperse into the environment. Mating of sterile and wild flies results in no offspring;thus, the wild population rapidly decreases. Previously, research has mainly focused on improvements within the production facility. However, transport from production facility to release sites is also an essential component in all SIT programs. Here, we examined historical records from the Victorian SIT program between 2002 and 2013 in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). We compared quality control (QC) data of irradiated fly pupae at the mass-rearing facility in New South Wales (limited transport) to those of pupae transported to a release centre in Victoria (extensive transport). After extensive transport, pupal weight (-0.3 mg, or -3%) and flight ability (an overall 26% decline) were lower across all seasons, but particularly in spring. Adult emergence was lower across all seasons (an overall 23% decline), but particularly in summer. All three QC parameters were more variable after extensive transport. We discuss potential causes of the observed decreased pupal quality and avenues of future research to mitigate transport losses.

关键词： sterile insect technique SIT pest management control program Bactrocera tryoni Diptera Tephritidae quality control horticultural pests historical records Queensland fruit fly Qfly

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The effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus introduction on milk production of Dutch dairy herds

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JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 2021年第2期104卷 2074-2086页

作者： Yue, Xiaomei Steeneveld, Wilma van der Voort, Mariska van Schaik, Gerdien Vernooij, Johannes C. M. van Duijn, Linda Veldhuis, Anouk M. B. Hogeveen, Henk Wageningen Univ Dept Social Sci Business Econ Grp NL-6706 KN Wageningen Netherlands Univ Utrecht Fac Vet Med Dept Farm Anim Hlth NL-3584 CL Utrecht Netherlands GD Anim Hlth POB 9 NL-7400 AA Deventer Netherlands

Dairy cows are negatively affected by the introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and consequently, produce less milk. Existing literature on potential milk production losses is based on relatively outdated data and hardly evaluates milk production loss in relation to a new BVDV infection in a surveillance system. This study determined the annual and quarterly loss in milk production of BVDV introduction in 3,126 dairy herds participating in the Dutch BVDV-free program between 2007 and 2017. Among these herds, 640 were "breakdown-herds" that obtained and subsequently lost their BVDV-free status during the study period, and 2,486 herds obtained and retained their BVDV-free status during the study period. Milk yields before and after BVDV introduction were compared through annual arid quarterly linear mixed models. The fixed variables for both models included herd type (breakdown-herd or free-herd), bovine viral diarrhea status (on an annual and quarterly basis), year, season, arid a random herd effect. The dependent variable was the average daily milk yield on the test day. To define the possible BVDV-introduction dates, 4 scenarios were developed. In the default scenario, the date of breakdown (i.e., loss of the BVDV-free status) was assumed as the BVDV-introduction date. For the other 3 scenarios, the BVDV-introduction dates were set at 4, 6, and 9 mo before the date of breakdown, based on the estimated birth date of a persistently infected calf. In the default scenario, the loss in milk yield due to BVDV introduction occurred mainly in the first year after breakdown, with a reduction in yield of 0.08 kg/cow per day compared with the last year before breakdown. For the other 3 scenarios, the greatest yield reduction occurred in the second year after BVDV introduction, with a loss of 0.09, 0.09, and 0.1 kg/cow per day, respectively. For the first 4 quarters after BVDV introduction in the default scenario, milk yield loss was 0.14, 0.09, 0.02, and 0.08 kg

关键词： bovine viral diarrhea virus bovine viral diarrhea virus introduction control program milk production

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Evaluation of the Johne's disease risk assessment and management plan on dairy farms in Ontario, Canada

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JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 2015年第10期98卷 6792-6800页

作者： Pieper, Laura Sorge, Ulrike S. DeVries, Trevor J. Godkin, Ann Lissemore, Kerry Kelton, David F. Univ Guelph Dept Populat Med Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada Univ Minnesota Dept Vet Populat Med St Paul MN 55108 USA Univ Guelph Dept Anim & Poultry Sci Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada MRA OMAF Vet Sci & Policy Grp Elora ON N1G 4Y2 Canada

Johne's disease (JD) is a production-limiting gastrointestinal disease in cattle. To minimize the effects of JD, the Ontario dairy industry launched the Ontario Johne's Education and Management Assistance program in 2010. As part of the program, trained veterinarians conducted a risk assessment and management plan (RAMP), an on-farm questionnaire where high RAMP scores are associated with high risk of JD transmission. Subsequently, veterinarians recommended farm-specific management practices for JD prevention. Milk or serum ELISA results from the milking herd were used to determine the herd ELISA status (HES) and within-herd prevalence. After 3.5 yr of implementation of the program, the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among RAMP scores, HES, and recommendations. Data from 2,103 herds were available for the analyses. A zero-inflated negative binomial model for the prediction of the number of ELISA-positive animals per farm was built. The model included individual RAMP questions about purchasing animals in the logistic portion, indicating risks for between-herd transmission, and purchasing bulls, birth of calves outside the designated calving area, colostrum and milk feeding management, and adult cow environmental hygiene in the negative binomial portion, indicating risk factors for within-herd transmission. However, farms which fed low-risk milk compared with milk replacer had fewer seropositive animals. The model additionally included the JD herd history in the negative binomial and the logistic portion, indicating that herds with a JD herd history were more likely to have at least 1 positive animal and to have a higher number of positive animals. Generally, a positive association was noted between RAMP scores and the odds of receiving a recommendation for the respective risk area;however, the relationship was not always linear. For general JD risk and calving area risk, seropositive herds had higher odds of receiving recommendations compared with

关键词： paratuberculosis risk assessment control program evaluation

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Optimization Models of Tool Path Problem for CNC Sheet Metal Cutting Machines

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第12期49卷 23-28页

作者： Petunin, Alexander A. Stylios, Chrysostomos Ural Federal University YekaterinburgCO85859 Russia Dept. of Computer Engineering Technological Educational Institute of Epirus ArtaCO41068 Greece

The problem of tool path optimization for CNC sheet metal cutting equipment is considered. Sheet metal cutting equipment includes laser/plasma/gas/water-jet machines and some others. Users of CAD/CAM systems develop numerical control programs for the cutting equipment after nesting of parts onto the sheet. The control programs contain information about tool path. The tool path is a routing of cutter head used for cutting of sheet material. Classification and the correspondent mathematical models of tool path problem are considered. The tasks of cost/time minimization for various types of cutting techniques are formalized. Mathematical formalization of technological constraints for these tasks is also described. Unlike the known analogs this formalization allows to consider constraints of thermal cutting. In some cases the optimization tasks can be interpreted as discrete optimization problem (generalized travel salesman problem with additional constraints, GTSP). In paper also the developed exact algorithm and some heuristic algorithms of tool path optimization based on described models is reported. Results of computing experiments for some instances are given © 2016

关键词： Metal cutting Computer aided design Cutting equipment Heuristic algorithms Machinery Metals Numerical control systems Optimization Sheet metal control program Discrete optimization GTSP Technological constraints Thermal cutting Toolpaths

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Seasonal shifts in macronutrient preferences in supercolonies of the invasive Yellow Crazy Ant Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean

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AUSTRAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014年第3期53卷 337-346页

作者： Abbott, Kirsti L. Green, Peter T. O'Dowd, Dennis J. Monash Univ Sch Biol Sci Clayton Vic 3800 Australia La Trobe Univ Dept Bot Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia

The timing and duration of sexual brood production in ants can affect their rate of spread and colony growth. Because protein is key to larval growth, queen survival and fecundity, macronutrient collection by foraging workers is expected to favour protein prior to and throughout gyne production. However, food preference driven by the production of gynes may be overridden by a preference associated with worker production, especially if investment in workers vastly outweighs that of sexual brood and workers are produced on different schedules. Food preferences alone may not indicate the availability of that food type in the environment. On Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, sexual brood of the invasive Yellow Crazy Ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857), was produced annually during a single period associated with the onset of the wet season. However, workers were produced continuously throughout the year and colony investment to worker production measured by the standing biomass of eggs, larvae and pupae, typically exceeded 98%. High, aseasonal investment in worker production, together with aseasonal worker activity, would suggest that there should be no seasonal preference shown by workers at food stations containing both protein and carbohydrate. However, workers showed a preference for one food type over another on 46 of 61 occasions at one site and on 31 of 41 occasions at another. When a preference was shown, it was predominantly for protein-rich food during the dry season and almost always for carbohydrate at the onset and during the wet season. We suggest that these preferences reflect seasonal shortages in key resources when invertebrates (protein-rich) are scarce during the dry season and honeydew from scale insects (carbohydrate) is depleted by rain during the wet season. On Christmas Island, timing and duration of the dry season preference for protein has been exploited by the control program for A. gracilipes supercolonies, which deploys a toxin in a prot

关键词： control program invasive ant life history mutualism seasonality

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THE USE OF DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IN SCHISTOSOMIASIS - ATTEMPTS AT STANDARDIZATION OF METHODOLOGY

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ACTA TROPICA 1992年第1期51卷 45-63页

作者： JENKINS, JM HATZ, C SWISS TROP INST SOCINSTR 57CH-4002 BASELSWITZERLAND

This paper summarises the conclusions of a workshop held in Cairo in 1990 to discuss the standardization of the use of diagnostic ultrasound in schistosomiasis. For epidemiological purposes, it is very important that ultrasound examinations should be carried out and recorded in a standardized way, in order to ensure that results obtained in different places and at different times can be compared. The workshop did not attempt to produce final recommendations, but it did make tentative proposals in a form suitable for field testing. The paper discusses the general problems involved in carrying out and recording ultrasound examinations in a standardized way. The special points involved in assessing lesions due to the three main forms of schistosomiasis are then considered in detail. Methodology that can be used in epidemiological work with large numbers of people is emphasised.

关键词： SCHISTOSOMIASIS ULTRASOUND STANDARDIZATION OF METHODOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY control program

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control of brucellosis and of respiratory Small Ruminant Lentivirus infection in small ruminants in the Basque country, Spain

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SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH 2013年第2-3期110卷 115-119页

作者： Juste, R. A. Leginagoikoa, I. Villoria, M. Minguijon, E. Elguezabal, N. Boix, C. Arrazola, I. Perez, K. Gonzalez, L. NEIKER Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agr Dept Sanidad Anim Derio 48160 Vizcaya Spain Diputac Foral Gipuzkoa Dept Desarrollo Rural Donostia San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain Diputac Foral Bizkaia Dept Desarrollo Rural Bilbao Bizkaia Spain Diputac Foral Alava Dept Desarrollo Rural Vitoria Alava Spain Vet Labs Agcy VLA Lasswade Penicuik EH26 0PZ Midlothian Scotland

A compulsory control program to control-eradicate Brucella infections was initiated 1985 in the Basque Country in Northern Spain. The program included both Brucella melitensis infection (ovine/caprine brucellosis), which were later included in a national plan, and Brucella ovis infection (ovine epididymitis), which was promoted by the local animal health authorities. Prevalences of these infections in small ruminant farms at that time were 10% and 60% of flocks, respectively. Since then, the flocks/herds have been tested annually and animals found to be infected by means of the tests employed were slaughtered. At the same time, a voluntary Small Ruminant Lentivirus infection control program also started in some sheep flocks of the region. Currently, prevalences of brucellosis have dropped to 0% for B. melitensis infection and <0.1% for B. ovis. This implies an overall rate reduction of 100% and 99.9%, respectively. The results for Small Ruminant Lentivirus infection have not been so good and only three of the eight flocks into the scheme have reached eradication. Good results have been obtained by local and national animal health authorities and farmers during the past 25 years for brucelosis control. Use of simple serological testing and culling has allowed reduction-eradication of the infection. Once advanced control is reached, an economic balance will be necessary, in order to optimize best use of resources, including allocating them to control other small ruminant problems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Caprine brucellosis control program Maedi-Visna Ovine brucellosis Ovine epididymitis Small Ruminant Lentivirus

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