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GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2025年 13卷

作者： Serpa, Rafael Bento Keogh, Justin A. Jablonski, Thomas Parker, Charles B. Goetz, Stefan M. Denton, M. Bonner Hemond, Harold F. Glass, Jeffrey T. Cassar, Nicolas Amsden, Jason J. Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Univ Nicholas Sch Environm Durham NC USA Univ Arizona Tucson AZ USA MIT Civil & Environm Engn Cambridge MA USA

In situ measurements of the spatiotemporal distribution of dissolved gases in the ocean are useful for a wide variety of applications including monitoring biogeochemical cycles (e.g., methane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide fluxes), detecting pollutants, studying submarine groundwater discharge, and tracking chemical gradients in water columns or sediment interfaces. Over the past two decades, underwater membrane inlet mass spectrometry has emerged as a leading technology for in situ dissolved gas analysis, leveraging various mass analyzers such as quadrupole, ion trap, and cycloidal systems. While quadrupoles and ion traps face challenges such as water vapor interference and resolution limitations, cycloidal analyzers offer higher resolution at low mass-to-charge ratios with reduced power requirements. However, they have historically suffered from sensitivity and sequential analysis limitations. Recent advances, including ion array detectors and computational sensing, now enable simultaneous mass detection and improved sensitivity in cycloidal mass analyzers. This study introduces the development of an underwater coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer (UW-CAMMS), incorporating a cycloidal mass analyzer, ion array detector, and spatially coded apertures. A low-power electronic control system for the UW-CAMMS is designed and characterized, with performance comparable to laboratory-based systems, showcasing progress toward efficient, compact underwater dissolved gas monitoring. This technology can be used to study dynamic processes in marine, freshwater, and brackish systems with high spatial and temporal resolution.

关键词： Programmable voltage sources Ion source control system Underwater mass spectrometer

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Development of automatic wheat seeding quantity control system based on Doppler radar speed measurement

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2025年第1期15卷 12-25页

作者： Wang, Weiwei Shi, Wenbing Li, Ce Wang, Yuwei Li, Lu Chen, Liqing Anhui Agr Univ Coll Engn Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Anhui Intelligent Agr Machinery Equipment Engn Lab Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ Key Lab Agr Sensors Minist Agr & Rural Hefei 230094 Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ Eastern Anhui Comprehens Expt Stn Hefei 230036 Peoples R China

With advancements in agricultural technology, the full mechanization of rice straw wheat planting has been achieved. However, issues such as missed seeding, uneven row spacing, and poor uniformity of row replenishment often arise due to wheel slippage in wheeled wheat seeders. These problems manual replanting after emergence, reducing efficiency and increasing labor costs. To address these challenges, a speed-adaptive wheat seeding control system based on speed radar was developed. This system comprises a pneumatic wheat seeding device, an automatic speed-following control system, a human-machine interface, and a stepper motor. Leveraging an embedded controller, the system dynamically adjusts motor speed based on real-time forward speed to ensure precise seeding. Using fuzzy PID control, the system dynamically adjusts motor speed, achieving row spacing consistency below 3.9 % and seeding stability within 1.3 %, even at varying speeds. This system addresses critical challenges in precision agriculture, enhancing planting efficiency and reducing labor costs. This innovation enhances planting efficiency, reduces labor costs, and ensures adaptability to varying tractor speeds, meeting the precision requirements of wheat planting. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Speed-dependent control Precision seeding control system Wheat seeder Fuzzy PID control

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Digitization and greening of industrial reheating furnaces: A review of mathematical model, heating pattern, control system and energy analysis in the reheating furnace

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2025年 263卷

作者： Qi, Fengsheng Xu, Jianxiang Hou, Yunyi Li, Baokuan Northeastern Univ Sch Met Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China China City Environm Protect Engn Ltd Co Wuhan 430200 Peoples R China

The iron and steel industry, responsible for 8% of global energy use, faces challenges in achieving low-carbon development. Reheating furnaces consume 67% of the energy in continuous casting and rolling. Their digital and green transformation is critical to advancing sustainability. Digitization enhances furnace efficiency, which optimize energy use and reduce emissions. Greening provides more sustainable processes that benefit from digital tools. Together, they create a synergistic approach to addressing environmental challenges while improving operational performance. Previous studies have tended to focus on individual aspects and lack an integrated perspective. This review offers a unique contribution by systematically summarizing existing research from the perspective of digitization and greening of heating furnaces. The challenges associated with these transitions are discussed and summarized. The application and advancement of digitization are summarized, such as the zone method and CFD simulation, alongside the optimization of control systems. Furthermore, methods for enhancing heating efficiency, energy saving, and emissions reduction are evaluated. By highlighting recent breakthroughs and their contributions to sustainable operations, this review identifies critical directions for future research. It offers valuable insights to accelerate the steel industry's transition toward intelligent and environmentally responsible production practices.

关键词： Reheating furnace CFD control system Energy saving Mathematical model Heating pattern

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A 2-manifold model multi-rotor UAV control system

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JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2025年第1期47卷 1-13页

作者： George, Yuvaraj Rao, Yendluri Venkata Daseswara Sarkar, Abhishek Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani Dept Mech Engn Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India

Precise path following is essential for reliable multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV) operation. Current control strategies suffer from control singularities due to a mismatch between the number of actuators and the degrees of freedom of the MUAV. This paper proposes a 2-manifold modeling approach for MUAV control systems. Representing a MUAV as a 2-dimensional manifold eliminates singularities and potentially simplifies the control structure. This can lead to more precise and reliable MUAV flights, paving the way for broader adoption in civil applications. A simulation-based study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the 2-manifold model compared to the conventional point-mass model. The study assesses metrics such as smoothness, stability, and control effort. The findings of this research have the potential to significantly improve the controllability and performance of multi-rotor UAVs.

关键词： Multi-rotor UAV control system Point-mass model Convex polygon State-space control

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Approximation of the set of integrable trajectories of the control system with limited control resources

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF control 2025年

作者： Guseinov, Khalik G. Huseyin, Anar Huseyin, Nesir Ushakov, Vladimir N. Russian Acad Sci Krasovskii Inst Math & Mech Ural Branch S Kovalevskaya str 16 Ekaterinburg 620108 Russia Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ Dept Stat & Comp Sci Sivas Turkiye Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ Dept Math & Sci Educ Sivas Turkiye

Approximation of the set of trajectories of a control system described by Urysohn type integral equation is studied. It is assumed that the system is affine with respect to the control vector and is nonlinear with respect to the state vector. As the set of admissible control functions, the closed ball centred at the origin with radius r of the space $ L_q(\Omega;\mathbb {R}<^>m) $ Lq(Omega;Rm), $ q\in (1,\infty ) $ q is an element of(1,infinity) is chosen, where $ \Omega \subset \mathbb {R}<^>k $ Omega subset of Rk is a compact set. The trajectory of the system is defined as a multivariable integrable function from the space $ L_p(\Omega;\mathbb {R}<^>n) $ Lp(Omega;Rn) satisfying the system's equation almost everywhere, where $ 1/q+1/p=1 $ 1/q+1/p=1. An approximation of the set of trajectories by a set, consisting of a finite number of trajectories and generated by piecewise constant control functions, is presented. Convergence of the approximating sets of trajectories is proved.

关键词： Urysohn integral equation integrable trajectory control system integral constraint approximation

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Development of a control system for Pressure Distribution During Gas Production in a Structurally Complex Field

APPLIED SYSTEM INNOVATION

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APPLIED system INNOVATION 2025年第2期8卷

作者： Kukharova, Tatyana Maltsev, Pavel Novozhilov, Igor Empress Catherine II St Petersburg Min Univ Syst Anal & Control Dept St Petersburg 199106 Russia St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI Fac Comp Sci & Technol St Petersburg 197022 Russia

In recent times, gas is becoming one of the most significant resources utilised worldwide. The continuous increase in demand requires an increase in the production and preparation of gas for further utilisation. Conventional sources cannot satisfy this need, so it is necessary to resort to alternative methods of obtaining raw materials;one of the most promising is the development of unconventional reservoirs. The study considers a structurally complex gas-bearing reservoir;due to the peculiarities of the structure, the use of traditional approaches to gas production causes a number of difficulties and significantly reduces efficiency. A structurally inhomogeneous reservoir is considered a distributed object;a pressure field control system is synthesised. As a result, the efficiency of the system is evaluated, and its scalability is analysed.

关键词： gas production structurally complex field control system synthesis pressure distribution

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DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A control system FOR SYNCHRONIZED CORN SEEDING AND HOLE FERTILIZATION

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INMATEH-AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 2025年第1期75卷 1097-1112页

作者： Wang, Ziyu Wang, Hongchao Liang, Chunying Zhao, Naichen Heilongjiang Bayi Agr Univ Coll Informat & Elect Engn Daqing 163319 Peoples R China Heilongjiang Bayi Agr Univ Coll Engn Daqing Peoples R China

To solve the problems of slow system response speed and poor uniformity of seeding and fertilizer application, this paper designs a control system for synchronized corn seeding and precision hole fertilization. A sliding mode control method with integral variable structure and disturbance observer composite (ISMDO-SMC) is proposed. Furthermore, a three-factor, five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experiment was conducted to develop a mathematical model for parameter optimization using a multi-objective variable optimization method. Simulation results from four algorithms were compared, revealing a regulation time of 0.42 seconds, a recovery time to steady state of 0.13 seconds, and a descending rotational speed of 2.5 r/min, which demonstrates the strongest dynamic response and stability. Moreover, the optimal parameter combination was determined to be the forward speed of 2.8 km/h, the fertilizer discharge shaft speed of 42 r/min, and the fertilizer discharger opening of 5.5 mm, resulting in the fertilizer application error of 1.7 g and the seed-fertilizer spacing error of 2.2 mm. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for achieving efficient and stable seeding and fertilization operations.

关键词： corn hole fertilization control system experiment

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Synthesis of Rubber Mixing Process control system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING 2025年第10期38卷 2249-2258页

作者： Gloukhov, D., V Bogdanova, D. A. Batova, O., V Vinogradova, V. V. Nikiforov, A. A. Empress Catherine II St Petersburg Min Univ St Petersburg Russia

In this paper, it is proposed to consider the improvement of batch rubber mixer by increasing its capacity through the development of a control system. The article presents the results of synthesis of the control system of the temperature regime of the rubber mixing process. On the basis of equations describing the dynamics of the process under study, a mathematical model of the mixture cooling process is drawn up. According to the results of topological synthesis it was expedient to apply a feedback tracking system. Using the frequency method of synthesis, the coefficients of controllers were calculated. A PIDcontroller was selected and the direct quality indicators of the control system were analyzed. The developed solution can be used to increase the productivity of the rubber mixer due to the possibility of using modes with high heat energy release. This, in turn, is removed by the cooling system, the automatic control system of which is synthesized in this work.

关键词： Rubber Mixing control system Mathematical Model Batch Rubber Mixer Temperature Regime

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Conceptual Design, control system Development and Prototype Fabrication of a 5-Axis Hybrid Machining Robot for Handicraft Carving 17th

Conceptual Design, Control System Development and Prototype ...

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17th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications

作者： Chen, Wenlong He, Zhen Li, Yulu Fang, Hanliang Yang, Fufu Zhang, Jun Fuzhou Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Fuzhou 350116 Peoples R China Fuzhou Univ Sch Adv Mfg Jinjiang 362251 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819607709;9789819607716

This paper aims to propose a cost-efficient 5-axis hybrid machining robot for handicraft carving. For this purpose, a conceptual design is performed with a hierarchical design strategy which consists of a 2UPR&2RPS parallel manipulator (PM) and an orthogonal sliding gantry. Based on the conceptual design scheme, a kinematic analysis is conducted to yield the inverse/forward position formulations and the predicted reachable workspace. Meanwhile, an open-architecture numerical control system is developed for the proposed hybrid machining robot, which includes hardware construction, post processing and human-machine interface (HMI) development. Finally, a laboratory prototype is fabricated and integrated with the developed control system to construct a 5-axis machining unit. A set of test is performed on the robot to verify its 5-axis machining capability. The test results indicate that the proposed hybrid machining robot provide a promising solution for handicraft carving.

关键词： Hybrid machining robot Conceptual design Kinematic analysis control system handicraft carving

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Improving and optimizing the control system for reactivating the C-ADS injector I facility

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RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2025年 1-15页

作者： Zhu, Peng Zhang, Yuliang He, Yongcheng Xue, Kangjia Ye, Qiang Zhao, Ying Du, Yaoyao Liu, Fang Lu, Yanhua Sui, Yanfeng Wu, Xuan Wang, Lin Li, Mingtao Jin, Dapeng Peng, Jun Liu, Shengjin Xie, Zhexin Wan, Maliang Mu, Zhencheng Huang, Yuan Zhang, Wenqing Liu, Yiqin Li, Shuai Liu, Shunming Li, Fang Qiu, Ruiyang Liu, Huachang Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Spallat Neutron Source Sci Ctr Dongguan 523803 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

PurposeChina Spallation Neutron Source II (CSNS-II) plans to upgrade its linear accelerator to increase the beam energy from 80 to 300 MeV. The upgrade will utilize 324 MHz double-spoke superconducting cavities and 648 MHz elliptical superconducting cavities. In order to minimize and shorten the future commissioning duration of the superconducting cavities with beam functionality, the management department of CSNS-II has decided to conduct validation of superconducting cavity beam tuning software and methods at the Chinese Accelerator Driven Sub-critical system (C-ADS) Injector I facility. As an experimental device, the C-ADS Injector I facility has been shut down for almost six years. To restore the operation of this machine, it is essential to effectively improve and upgrade the original control system of C-ADS Injector I *** ensure high availability and reliability for the reactivation of the C-ADS Injector I facility, both the hardware and software of the original control system have been improved and enhanced. For example, the global timing was upgraded from continuous mode to pulsed mode, providing the operational sequence for the ECR (electron cyclotron resonance), chopper, RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole), and beam instruments. The beam interlock system, which includes MPS and FPS, has been redesigned to ensure the safe operation of all equipment, particularly the critical accelerator components. Proxmox VE was selected as the virtualization software to implement the private cloud *** and conclusionThroughout the improvements and optimizations to the control system, it is evident that the availability and reliability of the control system have been substantially and effectively enhanced, which is crucial for the successful validation of the beam tuning methods and software for CSNS-II superconducting cavity at the C-ADS injector I facility.

关键词： C-ADS injector I facility Improving and optimizing Timing system Machine protect system control system

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