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IDCOM-B multivariable model-predictive controller

TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND control 1997年第4期19卷 192-201页

作者： Moro, TL Bonavita, N Bailey Automat Plc Telford TF1 3QD Shrops England Elsag Bailey Hartmann & Braun SpA I-16154 Genova Italy

In the last ten years Model Based Predictive control (MBPC) has proved itself as one of the most successful advanced control tools. Its capability to handle processes with 'difficult' dynamics, has allowed improved control on critical loops with long time delays, constraints, feed-forwarding, over-rides, etc. Moreover, MBPC algorithms are able to perform multivariable control on processes characterised by strongly interactive loops, which have always been one of the toughest control problems. Due to the computational burden of such sophisticated algorithms, and the engineering skills required for a successful implementation, MBPC diffusion has been limited, in most cases, to 'money-making-loops', above all in the chemical and petrochemical fields, where even small increases in efficiency or yield produce major savings. The great progress in utilising the always increasing power of digital computers, and in developing and improving user-friendly software environments, provides opportunities for applying highly sophisticated control techniques more quickly, easily and cheaply. This paper introduces the new IDCOM-B(TM) controller;that is, the first multivariable model-predictive control package completely embedded in a DCS as a modular control function. Its unique capability to run inside a standard INFI90 control module, sharing with the base regulatory loops the communication channels, control database and operator interfaces, avoids the cost of an external computer and all the efforts required to interface it with a DCS architecture.

关键词： control algorithms multivariable control model predictive control system identification distributed control systems

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Virtual environment testbed for autonomous underwater vehicles

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 1998年第5期6卷 653-660页

作者： Gracanin, D Valavanis, KP Matijasevic, M Univ SW Louisiana Ctr Adv Comp Studies Lafayette LA 70504 USA

A virtual-environment-based testbed offers an alternative to difficult, costly, and possibly hazardous real-time testing and evaluation of control algorithms for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Various methods are used in the testbed to model the vehicle and its environment. Pertinent control algorithms are integrated with the testbed through sensor and control interfaces. A review of selected virtual environment testbeds and related standards is provided. Some implementation issues and results are discussed. A path-planning algorithm is described to illustrate this approach. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： autonomous vehicles computer simulation control algorithms vehicle simulators virtual reality

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Passivity-based controllers for ZVS quasi-resonant boost converter

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IET control THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第20期14卷 3461-3475页

作者： Shipra, Kumari Sharma, Shambhu N. Maurya, Rakesh Sardar Vallabhbhai Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Surat 395007 Gujarat India

There is a consistent demand for reliable, efficient, small-sized, and light weight power supply for electronics devices. To meet the aforesaid requirements, Quasi Resonant converters are being used due to low switching losses, high efficiency, small size and weight. With these motivations, in this paper, two different methodologies of passivity-based controllers namely (EL-PBC and PCH-PBC) are proposed for Zero Voltage Switching Quasi Resonant (ZVS-QR) boost converter to regulate the output voltage. First, the Euler-Lagrange (EL) formulation is used to derive state-space equations for ZVS-QR boost converter under different operating modes and then, average state-space model is developed using generalized state space average (GSSA) technique. In order to improve the dynamic performance of the ZVS-QR boost converter, the aforesaid passivity-based controllers are designed and its stability analysis is carried out. The entire system is developed with Sim Power System toolbox of MATLAB software and validated through OP-5142 real time simulator. Steady state and dynamic performances are examined under several operating conditions. It is observed that the passivity-based controllers of the paper achieve robustness against the uncertainties at the input and the load side. It is compared with benchmark PI controller as well.

关键词： PI control switching convertors zero voltage switching resonant power convertors state-space methods control system synthesis power supplies to apparatus voltage control stability field programmable gate arrays real-time systems microprocessor chips performance evaluation ZVS quasiresonant boost converter lightweight power supply low switching losses state-space equations ZVS-QR boost converter average state-space model generalised state-space average technique Sim Power System toolbox passivity-based controller design control algorithms steady-state performances control parameters FPGA-based XC3S5000 series processor ouput voltage regulation Euler-Lagrange formulation electronic devices zero voltage switching quasiresonant boost converter EL-PBC PCH-PBC dynamic performance improvement stability analysis real-time implementation OP-5142 real-time simulator

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Model-based identification and testing of appropriate strategies to minimize N2O emissions from biofilm deammonification

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WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022年第7期86卷 1810-1820页

作者： Freyschmidt, A. Beier, M. Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Sanit Engn & Waste Management ISAH Welfengarten 1 D-30167 Hannover Germany

Based on a one-year pilot plant operation of a two-step biofilm nitritation-anammox pilot plant, N2O mitigation strategies were identified by applying a newly developed biofilm modeling approach. Due to adapted plant operation, the N2O emission could be diminished by 75% (8.8% -> 2.3% of NH4-N-oxidized_AOB). The results (measurement and simulation) confirm the huge importance of denitrification as an N2O source or N2O sink, depending on the boundary conditions. A significant reduction of N2O emissions could only be achieved with a one-step deammonification system, which is related to low nitrite and HNO2 concentrations. Increased oxygen concentrations in the bulk phase are not related to decreased emissions. N2O formation by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) just shifts deeper into the biofilm;zones with low oxygen concentrations are not avoidable in biofilm systems. Low oxygen concentrations in the bulk phase, however, result in a reduction of the total net N2O formation due to increased activity of heterotrophic bacteria directly at the source of N2O formation (outer biofilm layer). For the model-based identification of mitigation strategies, the standard modeling approaches for biofilms were expanded by including the factor-based N2O formation and emission approach. The new model 'Biofilm/N2OISAH' was successfully validated using data from pilot-scale measurement campaigns. Altogether, the investigation confirms that the employed digital model can strongly support the development of N2O mitigation strategies without the need for specialized measurement inside the biofilm.

关键词： aeration strategies control algorithms denitrification GHG Emissions

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Fast power-frequency function estimation for induction heating appliances

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2017年第7期53卷 498-500页

作者： Domingo, N. Barragan, L. A. Montiel, J. M. M. Dominguez, A. Artigas, J. I. Univ Zaragoza Aragon Inst Engn Res I3A E-50009 Zaragoza Spain

Induction heating appliances use control algorithms to regulate the power delivered to the vessel in a wide range [50 W-3.5 kW]. Switching frequency is commonly used to control the delivered power, hence an accurate identification of the power-frequency function would be useful, especially in multiple-output power converters. However, this function exhibits a severe variability due to temperature or vessel-inductor geometrical alignment, what reduces the performance of the open-loop control strategies. A method is presented to estimate the power-frequency function in just half a period of the utility voltage. The method packs several switching frequencies in the short identification period. The load is modelled as an equivalent series resistance-inductance, where both parameters vary linearly with respect to the switching frequency. The method is able to safely estimate the function using only switching frequencies well above resonance, but crucially, it is able to extrapolate accurately the delivered power levels even close to resonance.

关键词： frequency estimation induction heating domestic appliances power convertors fast power-frequency function estimation induction heating appliances control algorithms power regulation switching frequency multiple-output power converters vessel-inductor geometrical alignment open-loop control strategy utility voltage series resistance-inductance power 50 W to 3 5 kW

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The robust minimal controllability problem

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AUTOMATICA 2017年 82卷 261-268页

作者： Pequito, Sergio Ramos, Guilherme Kar, Soummya Aguiar, A. Pedro Ramos, Jaime Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Lisbon Inst Syst & Robot Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal Univ Porto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Fac Engn Oporto Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Dept Math SQIG Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal

In this paper, we address the robust minimal controllability problem, where the goal is, given a linear time invariant system, to determine a minimal subset of state variables to be actuated to ensure controllability under additional constraints. We study the problem of characterizing the sparsest input matrices that assure controllability, when the autonomous dynamics' matrix is simple when a specified number of inputs fail. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and under the assumption that the dynamics' matrix is simple, we show that it is possible to reduce the problem to a set multi-covering problem. Additionally, under this assumption, we prove that this problem is NP-complete, and polynomial algorithms to approximate the solutions of a set multi-covering problem can be leveraged to obtain close-to-optimal solutions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： control systems design controllability Linear systems Computational methods control algorithms

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Modelling and simulation of KHLMS algorithm-based DSTATCOM

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2019年第9期12卷 2304-2311页

作者： Mangaraj, Mrutyunjaya Panda, Anup Kumar Natl Inst Sci & Technol Berhampur 761008 OR India Natl Inst Technol Rourkela 769008 OR India

The assessment of the shunt compensation allied power quality glitches bounds the design and modelling of a controller for the d-FACTS (Distribution Flexible Alternating current Transmission System) device. So, Kernel Hebbian least mean square (KHLMS) is proposed for controlling the distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) in this study. The KHLMS is the improved version of an adaptive LMS (ALMS), which is designed by using a suitable pattern of learning mechanism. Both the controller algorithms are formulated on the basis of mathematical equations using MATLAB/Simulink. In accordance with the system variation adaptability and experimental application, each phase controller is configured as an independent neural network structure. The objective of control algorithms is used for the extraction of fundamental active and reactive components from load currents for the generation of the reference source currents. In comparison with the ALMS algorithm, the KHLMS demonstrates more effective in improving the voltage regulation at DC link capacitor, voltage balancing, source current harmonic reduction, and power factor correction under the disturbance influences caused by even and uneven loading.

关键词： voltage control power supply quality phase control power distribution control static VAr compensators harmonics suppression flexible AC transmission systems power factor correction MATLAB Simulink system variation adaptability phase controller independent neural network structure control algorithms fundamental active components reactive components load currents reference source currents ALMS algorithm source current harmonic reduction power factor correction simulation KHLMS algorithm-based DSTATCOM shunt compensation allied power quality glitches design modelling d-FACTS device Distribution Flexible Alternating current Transmission System Kernel Hebbian least mean square distributed static compensator adaptive LMS suitable pattern learning mechanism controller algorithms mathematical equations

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Minimum airflow reset of single duct VAV terminal boxes

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2009年第9期44卷 1876-1885页

作者： Cho, Young-Hum Liu, Mingsheng Univ Nebraska Dept Architectural Engn Lincoln NE 68182 USA

Terminal boxes are one of the major building HVAC components and directly impact building room comfort and energy costs. Current terminal boxes may cause occupant discomfort and waste energy if they have inappropriate operation control functions. The objective of this study is to develop and implement applicable terminal box control algorithms. The thermal conditions and energy consumption are compared between conventional and improved control algorithms using measured data. The results of this study show that improved terminal box control algorithms can stably maintain the room air temperature and reduce energy. consumption compared to conventional control algorithms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single duct VAV terminal boxes control algorithms Numerical analysis Experiment

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Formal design methodology for transforming ladder diagram to Petri nets

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2014年第5-8期73卷 821-836页

作者： Quezada, J. C. Medina, J. Flores, E. Seck Tuoh, J. C. Hernandez, N. Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo Escuela Super Tizayuca Tizayuca Pachuca Mexico Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo Ctr Invest Avanzada Ingn Ind Tizayuca Pachuca Mexico

Ladder diagram (LD) is a common programming language at industry in order to develops control algorithms of discrete event systems. Besides, it is one of the five programming languages supported by the International Electrotechnical Commission through the IEC-61131-3 standard. Petri net (PN) theory is both a graphical and mathematical tool, which allows modeling discrete event systems in order to obtain a useful formalization to analyze them in a better way. LD control algorithms are continuously developed based on the experience of control system developers. Therefore, it is still a relevant problem on how to formalize a validation for the current and new control algorithms. In the present work, an element-to-element transformation methodology from a LD program to a PN structure is proposed. The original part of this manuscript is the proposal of five PN structures where their markings represent the states and dynamic behavior of energized and de-energized coils, which are not included in previous works. Furthermore, this methodology preserves the structural and dynamical behavior of the LD in the obtained PN. Two control algorithms of real cases are transformed using the proposed methodology.

关键词： control algorithms Ladder diagrams Petri nets Discrete event systems

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Experimental investigations of an energy-efficient dynamic positioning controller for different sea conditions

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2024年 299卷

作者： Alagili, Osama Fernando, Eranga Ahmed, Salim Imtiaz, Syed Murrant, Kevin Gash, Bob Islam, Mohammed Zaman, Hasanat Mem Univ Newfoundland Fac Engn & Appl Sci 240 Queen Elizabeth Ave St John NF A1B3X5 Canada CNR 1 Arctic Ave St John NF A1B3T5 Canada

The primary objective of a Dynamic Positioning (DP) controller is to maintain vessel position under varying environmental disturbances, while minimizing thruster usage. This work presents the development of an innovative energy -efficient DP controller, named Green NMPC (GNMPC), which minimizes thruster demand while upholding position constraints. Inspired from the structure of the economic nonlinear model predictive controller (ENMPC), GNMPC aligns with "green" objectives and performance metrics, notably thruster energy efficiency. Extensive DP tests were conducted across a spectrum of wave conditions, including head seas, oblique angles, and large position set -point changes, to validate the efficacy of the GNMPC approach and evaluate the dynamic positioning system's effectiveness in diverse challenging situations. The results demonstrated that the proposed controller is energy efficient compared to a benchmark NMPC and proportional-integral- derivative (PID) controller. It successfully reduced thruster demand in the sway direction compared to NMPC while preserving the vessel's positioning objectives.

关键词： Dynamic positioning control algorithms Nonlinear model predictive controller

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