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MODELING ESTIMATION AND control IN THE RELIEF OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN

AUTOMATICA 1985年第4期21卷 349-360页

作者： JACOBS, OLR BULLINGHAM, RES LAMMER, P MCQUAY, HJ OSULLIVAN, G REASBECK, MP UNIV OXFORD NUFFIELD DEPT ANAESTHETOXFORDENGLAND ABINGDON HOSP OXFORD REG PAIN RELIEF UNITABINGDONENGLAND UNIV OXFORD ST JOHNS COLL OXFORD OX1 3JPENGLAND

The paper arises from collaborative work to explore contributions which the technology of control engineering can make to pain relief. One particular demand analgesia system was studied in which Fentanyl was intravenously infused to relieve pain during the first day after total hip-replacement. A mathematical model is presented in which pain is modelled as the difference between discomfort and comfort and is measured by the frequency at which the patient presses a button. This is inherently nonlinear because there is no button-pressing when comfort exceeds discomfort. A novel nonlinear estimation scheme to handle the nonlinearity is implemented in an on-line microcomputer to provide model-based stochastic control. Experimental results from trials on 20 real patients and 500 simulated patients validate the model and show that the model-based control gives substantially better pain relief than is achieved by conventional demand analgesia, and is robust against modelling errors. Directions for further work are indicated and it is concluded that there is promise for model-based on-line estimation in demand analgesia and promise for the mathematical model as a basis for further research on mechanisms of pain and its relief.

关键词： Bayes methods biomedical computer control control engineering computer applications demand analgesia drug-delivery systems estimation Kalman filters medical systems nonlinear systems patient-controlled analgesia

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EXPERIENCES OF SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION APPLIED TO SHIP STEERING

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AUTOMATICA 1981年第1期17卷 187-198页

作者： KALLSTROM, CG ASTROM, KJ LUND INST TECHNOL DEPT AUTOMAT CONTROLS-22007 LUND 7SWEDEN

Different system identification methods have been applied to determine ship steering dynamics from full-scale experiments. The techniques used include output error, maximum likelihood and more general prediction error methods. Different model structures have been investigated ranging from input-output models in difference equation form to the equations of motion in their natural form. Effects of disturbances, errors and dynamics in sensors and actuators have been considered. Programs for interactive system identification have been used extensively. The experiments have been performed both under open loop and closed loop conditions. Both linear and nonlinear models have been considered. The paper summarizes the experiences obtained from applying system identification methods to many different ships. The results have been applied both to investigate steering properties and to design autopilots for ship steering. Insight into ship steering dynamics and identification methodology has been obtained.

关键词： computer-aided design control engineering computer applications difference equations identification nonlinear equations parameter estimation prediction ships stochastic systems

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TRACKING control-SYSTEM USING IMAGE SENSOR FOR ARC-WELDING

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AUTOMATICA 1983年第4期19卷 357-363页

作者： KAWAHARA, M Technical Research Institute Hitachi Zosen Corporation 3-22 Sakurajima 1-Chome Konohana-Ku Osaka 554 Japan

A highly accurate and widely applicable tracking control system which guides a welding torch along a joint line is described. The control system includes a servomechanism, a solid-state image sensor, and an image processor. The solid-state image sensor detects the cross-sectional pattern of the welding groove with a He-Ne gas laser. The image processor, consisting mainly of a microcomputer, processes video information and estimates the position of the welding groove center using a statistical technique. This method of tracking control has been employed in the welding apparatus for penstocks with good practical results.

关键词： computer control control engineering computer applications image processing microprocessors pattern recognition position control robots sensors tracking systems welding

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IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SELF-TUNERS

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AUTOMATICA 1981年第1期17卷 233-244页

作者： CLARKE, DW GAWTHROP, PJ Department of Engineering Science Oxford England Parks Road United Kingdom

The implementation of a class of self-tuning controllers using a portable microcomputer system is described. The self-tuning control theory is shown to provide a variety of control objectives such as model-reference, optimal Smith prediction and the minimization of a general k -step-ahead cost-function. Hardware and software details of the portable computer, SESAME, are presented with particular reference to the use of a new high-level language, control Basic. Studies of the application of self-tuning to the control of room-temperature, acid neutralization, and batch chemical reactors in industry are outlined.

关键词： Adaptive control chemical variables control computer control computer software control engineering computer applications direct digital control microprocessors pH control process control stochastic control temperature control

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SELF-TUNING REGULATOR APPLIED TO A BINARY DISTILLATION COLUMN

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AUTOMATICA 1977年第4期13卷 417-424页

作者： SASTRY, VA SEBORG, DE WOOD, RK CONSOLIDATED BATHURST LTD MONTREAL H3B IY9QUEBECCANADA UNIV ALBERTA DEPT CHEM ENGNEDMONTON T6G 2G6ALBERTACANADA

Utilization of a self-tuning regulator (STR) for control of top product composition of a binary distillation column has been investigated. Results from simulation studies and experimental evaluation of the STR on a pilot scale column are compared with the performance achieved using conventional proportional plus integral control. The STR resulted in significantly improved control for both servo and regulatory control.

关键词： Adaptive control chemical variables control computer control control engineering computer applications petro-chemical control self-adjusting systems stochastic control

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EXACT PENALTY FUNCTION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING GENERAL CONSTRAINED PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

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AUTOMATICA 1979年第2期15卷 175-188页

作者： GESING, W DAVISON, EJ UNIV TORONTO DEPT ELECT ENGNTORONTOONTARIOCANADA

An exact penalty function type of algorithm is proposed to solve a general class of constrained parameter optimization problems. The proposed algorithm has the property that any solution obtained by it will always satisfy the problem constraints, and that it will obtain a solution to the constrained problem, within a given specified tolerance, by solving a single unconstrained problem, i.e. it is not necessary to solve a sequence of unconstrained optimization problems. The algorithm applies a modification of Rosenbrock's (Rosenbrock, 1960) polynomial boundary penalty function, and a negative exponential penalty function with moving parameters, to modify the objective function in the neighborhood of the constrained region; a robust unconstrained algorithm (Davison and Wong, 1975) is then used to solve the resulting unconstrained optimization problem. Some standard test functions are included to show the performance of the algorithhm. Application of the algorithm is then made to solve some computer-aided design problems occurring in the area of control system synthesis.

关键词： computational methods computer-aided design computer-aided system design constraint theory control engineering computer applications control system synthesis Nonlinear programming numerical methods optimal search techniques optimization

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AUTOMATION OF CHEMICAL-PLANT MODELING

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AUTOMATICA 1980年第6期16卷 649-661页

作者： AARNA, O Department of Automatic Control Tallinn Technical University Tallinn 200026

A unified approach to the steady state and dynamics modelling of chemical plants based on a partially explicit model is presented. Rational division of the functions between a human and a computer is discussed. Inner form of the model in a computer and algorithms of automatic solution planning are presented. General structure of the modelling package, automatic compilation of modelling programs and linearized models are also considered. Input language for describing plant models and problems solved using the latter are illustrated.

关键词： Chemical industry computer software control engineering computer applications graph theory linearisation techniques modelling

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COMPARISON OF ADAPTIVE controlLERS

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AUTOMATICA 1980年第1期16卷 89-97页

作者： JACOBS, OLR SARATCHANDRAN, P HINDUSTAN AERONAT LTD BUR DESIGNBANGALORE 560017INDIA

The paper investigates adaptive control of discrete-time processes satisfying first-order linear difference equations with random coefficients which may be constant or time-varying. Structural relationships between sub-optimal adaptive control laws are discussed and results of systematic Monte-Carlo simulations are reported. These lead to a comparison of two sub-optimal adaptive controls ( ‘ optimal -k- step-ahead ’ and ‘self-tuning’) and to conclusions about the need for and effectiveness of adaptive control of the systems simulated. It is conjectured that the results and the classification scheme they suggest might have more general validity.

关键词： Adaptive control control engineering computer applications Kalman filters Monte-Carlo methods nonlinear systems optimal k-step-ahead control self-tuning control stochastic control suboptimal control

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IRONIES OF AUTOMATION

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AUTOMATICA 1983年第6期19卷 775-779页

作者： BAINBRIDGE, L Department of Psychology University College London London WC1E 6BT U.K.

This paper discusses the ways in which automation of industrial processes may expand rather than eliminate problems with the human operator. Some comments will be made on methods of alleviating these problems within the ‘classic’ approach of leaving the operator with responsibility for abnormal conditions, and on the potential for continued use of the human operator for on-line decision-making within human-computer collaboration.

关键词： control engineering computer applications man-machine systems on-line operation process control system failure and recovery

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computer aided design of regulators using multiobjective optimization

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Annual Review in Automatic Programming 1985年第PART 2期13卷 47-52页

作者： Fleming, P.J University College of North Wales Bangor Gwynedd United Kingdom

The problem of designing linear regulators subject to quadratic cost functions is addressed using multiobjective optimization. Instead of representing conflicting performance measures in a scalar objective function, these measures are treated individually in an attempt to simultaneously optimize the objectives. Although there is no unique solution the approach offers the designer the opportunity of investigating trade-offs in a systematic way. A software package, based on the goal attainment method, is presented and applied to design examples. © 1986.

关键词： computer-aided design control engineering computer applications linear systems multiobjective optimization nonlinear programming numerical methods

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