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作者： Topcu,Ufuk, Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States

This project developed methods and computational tools for formal specification, analysis, and correct-by-construction synthesis of adaptable, hierarchical control protocols for human-embedded, multi-vehicle autonomous systems. The work made novel connections between controls, computer science formal methods, convex optimization, learning theory, and human factors. Its main research thrusts included 1 efficient and reliable computation engines for high-fidelity dynamic modeling, 2 formally embedding the operators into the execution of autonomy protocols, 3 automated feedback generation and inference of specifications, and 4 learning-based adaptation with provable correctness guarantees.

关键词： Human machine systems Human machine interface Interactions Optimization Human factors engineering Models Autonomy Remotely piloted vehicles Markov processes Multiagent systems Learning Formal methods Formal verification Synthesis Correct-by-construction Temporal logic Human-automation interaction Human-machine interaction Convex optimization controls Learning theory control protocols Markov decision processes

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Micro protocol engineering for unstructured carriers: on the embedding of steganographic control protocols into audio transmissions

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SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 2016年第15期9卷 2972-2985页

作者： Naumann, Matthias Wendzel, Steffen Mazurczyk, Wojciech Keller, Joerg Univ Hagen Hagen Germany Fraunhofer FKIE Wachtberg Germany Warsaw Univ Technol PL-00661 Warsaw Poland

Network steganography conceals the transfer of sensitive information within unobtrusive data in computer networks. So-called micro protocols are communication protocols placed within the payload of a network steganographic transfer. They enrich this transfer with features such as reliability, dynamic overlay routing, or performance optimization just to mention a few. We present different design approaches for the embedding of hidden channels with micro protocols in digitized audio signals under consideration of different requirements. On the basis of experimental results, our design approaches are compared and introduced into a protocol engineering approach for micro protocols. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： network steganography audio steganography micro protocols control protocols covert channels

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Simulation and Analysis of Cyber-Attack on Modbus Protocol for Smart Grids in Virtual Environment

Simulation and Analysis of Cyber-Attack on Modbus Protocol f...

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Computing Conference

作者： Banik, Shampa Manicavasagam, Rajesh Banik, Trapa Banik, Shudipta Tennessee Technol Univ 1 William Jones Dr Cookeville TN 38505 USA East Delta Univ Noman Soc Abdullah Al Noman Rd Chattogram 4209 Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9783031622793;9783031622779;9783031622762

Smart grid capabilities have grown significantly in recent years. The smart grid provides advanced real-time handling of faults, advanced automatic control for efficient electricity transmission, monitoring and collection of the electrical system's capacity, and communication for information sharing. Unfortunately, its exposure to public networks makes it increasingly vulnerable to privacy breaches, vulnerabilities, and cyber-attacks. Cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in smart grid networks have become a primary concern that needs to be addressed before deploying a smart grid. Furthermore, the wide range of protocols increases the attack surface of a smart grid. This study focuses on the vulnerability of Modbus, which is regarded as one of the most prevalent control protocols in smart grid communication networks. This paper presents preliminary findings of analyzing cyber-attacks against the Modbus protocol using a virtual testbed to investigate its effects on the smart grid network protocol. The concept incorporates an emulated Modbus/TCP network environment built from open-source software components that imitate fundamental industrial control features of the smart grid. Finally, we analyze the cycle of a cyber-attack leading through Reconnaissance to a DoS attack on the Modbus/TCP protocol and propose improvements to the test bed for protocol attack detection and mitigation.

关键词： Smart grid (SG) control protocols Modbus Virtual testbed Cyber-attacks Security vulnerabilities

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A Negotiation-based control approach for disturbed industrial context

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第11期51卷 1255-1260页

作者： Mezgebe, Tsegay Tesfay Bril El Haouzi, Hind Demesure, Guillaume Thomas, Andre Université de Lorraine CRAN UMR 7039 Campus Sciences BP 70239 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex54506 France CNRS CRAN UMR7039 France

It is now accepted that using the multi-agents system (MAS) augments the reactivity to treat disturbances within flexible manufacturing system. Each agent could have different capability (evolution, learning, etc.) and the whole physical and control system, based on the agent interaction, could lead emerging behaviors to dynamically adapt a production schedule. Intelligent control algorithms shall be used to define these variables and all smart entities within their environment have to continuously negotiate for their final common goal. This paper proposes a negotiation-based reactive control approach to deal with the variability on manufacturing processes. A simulation experiment on the basis of full sized academic experimental platform was used to test how the negotiation-based reactive control approach could optimize priority based product sequencing. The product and resource agents have been built to negotiate considering different production performance measures. This has been done with expectations that the applicability of the negotiation-based reactive decision making process will be more adaptable to a production change than myopic decisions. © 2018

关键词： Multi agent systems Decision making Flexible manufacturing systems Production control control protocols Distributed Reactive Intelligent decisions Multi agents systems Negotiation based control

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Changes in Identified, Model-based Insulin Sensitivity can be used to Improve Risk and Variability Forecasting in Glycaemic control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第15期51卷 311-316页

作者： Uyttendaele, Vincent Dickson, Jennifer L. Morton, Sophie Shaw, Geoffrey Desaive, Thomas Chase, J. Geoffrey Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand GIGA – In silico Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium Department of Intensive Care Christchurch Hospital New Zealand

Hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability in critically ill patients are associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes. Some studies have shown insulin therapy to control glycaemia has improved outcomes, but have proven difficult to repeat or achieve safely. STAR (Stochastic Targeted) is a model-based glycaemic control protocol using a stochastic model to forecast future distributions of insulin sensitivity (SI) based on its current value, to predict the range of future blood glucose outcomes for a given intervention. This study presents an improved 3D stochastic model, forecasting future distributions of SI based on its current value and prior variation. The percentage difference in the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles between the current 2D and new 3D models are compared. Results show the original 2D stochastic model is over-conservative for around 77% of the data, predominantly where prior variability was low. For higher prior variation (more than ±25% change in SI), the 3D stochastic model prediction range of future SI is wider. The new 3D model was found to have overall narrower 5th – 95th prediction ranges in SI, but to retain a similar per-patient (60 – 100%) and overall (92%) percentage of SI outcomes correctly predicted within these ranges. These results suggest the new 3D model is more patient-specific and will enable more optimal dosing, to increase both safety and performance. This improvement in forecasting may result in tighter and safer glycaemic control, improving performance within the STAR framework. © 2018

关键词： Stochastic models Forecasting Glucose Insulin Stars Stochastic control systems Stochastic systems Adverse outcomes control protocols Critically ill patients Hyperglycaemia Improving performance Insulin sensitivity Insulin therapy Patient specific

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Improved 3D Stochastic Modelling of Insulin Sensitivity Variability for Improved Glycaemic control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第27期51卷 198-203页

作者： Uyttendaele, Vincent Knopp, J.L. Shaw, G.M. Desaive, T. Chase, J.G. GIGA - In silico Medicine University of Liège Belgium Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Intensive Care Christchurch Hospital New Zealand

Glycaemic control in intensive care unit has been associated with improved outcomes. Metabolic variability is one of the main factors making glycaemic control hard to achieve safely. STAR (Stochastic Targeted) is a model-based glycaemic control protocol using a stochastic model to predict likely distributions of future insulin sensitivity based on current patient-specific insulin sensitivity, enabling unique risk-based dosing. This study aims to improve insulin sensitivity forecasting by presenting a new 3D stochastic model, using current and previous insulin sensitivity levels. The predictive power and the percentage difference in the 5th-95th percentile prediction width are compared between the two models. Results show the new model accurately predicts insulin sensitivity variability, while having a median 21.7% reduction of the prediction range for more than 73% of the data, which will safely enable tighter control. The new model also shows trends in insulin sensitivity variability. For previous stable or low insulin sensitivity changes, future insulin sensitivity tends to remain more stable (tighter prediction ranges), whereas for higher previous variation of insulin sensitivity, higher potential future variation of insulin sensitivity is more likely (wider prediction ranges). These results offer the opportunity to better assess and predict future evolution of insulin sensitivity, enabling more optimal risk-based dosing approach, potentially resulting in tighter and safer glycaemic control using the STAR framework. © 2018

关键词： Stochastic models Forecasting Glucose Insulin Intensive care units Risk assessment Sensitivity analysis Stars Stochastic control systems Stochastic systems control protocols Hyperglycaemia Insulin sensitivity Intensive care Metabolic variability Model based OPC Patient specific Predictive power

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Nearly optimal quantum control: an analytical approach

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2017年第17期50卷 175501-175501页

作者： Sun, Chen Saxena, Avadh Sinitsyn, Nikolai A. Los Alamos Natl Lab Theoret Div Los Alamos NM 87545 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys College Stn TX 77840 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Ctr Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

We propose nearly optimal control strategies for changing the states of a quantum system. We argue that quantum control optimization can be studied analytically within some protocol families that depend on a small set of parameters for optimization. This optimization strategy can be preferred in practice because it is physically transparent and does not lead to combinatorial complexity in multistate problems. As a demonstration, we design optimized control protocols that achieve switching between orthogonal states of a naturally biased quantum two-level system.

关键词： quantum control shortcuts to adiabaticity control protocols two-level system sine-Gordon equation

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The effects of ICU specific nutrition management, as a human factor by using Stochastic Targeted glycaemic control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第5期49卷 236-242页

作者： Homlok, József Szlávecz, Ákos Stewart, Kent Illyés, Attila Chase, Geoffrey J. Benyó, Balázs Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Pádndy Kálmán Country Hospital Gyula Hungary United States

The accurate glycaemic control in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is a critical issue for physicians as a result of stress-induced blood glucose variability and high risk of hypoglycaemia. The STAR (Stochastic TARgeted) glycaemic control protocol is a model-based protocol, providing reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and stabilized blood glucose level by modulating insulin and nutrition inputs. The STAR framework is flexible, it allows clinicians to specify the target blood glucose range and the targeted nutrition intake of the patients (i.e. goal feed) according to the hospital's feeding regime and the actual need of the patient. Thus, the differences in the clinical application of STAR in different hospitals can effect the clinical outcomes and the average delivered amount of nutritions during the patient's treatment. This paper aims to analyse these effects by comparing the treatment outcomes of patients treated in two different hospitals, one in Christchurch, New Zealand and one in Gyula, Hungary. © 2016

关键词： Intensive care units Blood Carbohydrates Glucose Nutrition Oils and fats Patient monitoring Patient treatment Proteins Stars Statistical methods Stochastic models Stochastic systems Blood glucose level Clinical application Comparative analysis control protocols Feeding regime Glycemic control Nitrogen balance Treatment outcomes

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Using Stochastic Approximation Type Algorithm for Choice of Consensus Protocol Step-Size in Changing Conditions

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第13期49卷 265-269页

作者： Amelina, Natalia Granichin, Oleg Granichina, Olga Ivanskiy, Yury Jiang, Yuming Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics Research Laboratory for Analysis and Modeling of Social Processes 7-9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia St. Petersburg Russia Herzen State Pedagogical University St. Petersburg Russia Department of Telematics Norwegian University of Science and Technology TrondheimNO-7491 Norway

In the paper a multi-agent network system of different computing nodes is considered. A problem of load balancing in the network is addressed. The problem is formulated as consensus achievement problem and solved via local voting protocol. Agents exchange information about their states in presence of noise in communication channels. At certain moment network system topology changes and new step size of control protocol is chosen to meet new conditions. Step size adjustment is done by stochastic approximation type algorithm. Analytically obtained optimal step size values are given. Simulation example demonstrating step size adjustment is provided. © 2016

关键词： Stochastic systems Approximation algorithms Approximation theory Multi agent systems Resource allocation Stochastic control systems consensus achievement Consensus protocols control protocols Multiagent networks Optimal step size Simulation example Stochastic approximations Voting protocols

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Consensus of Discrete-time Multi-agent Systems with White Noise Disturbance

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第28期48卷 202-205页

作者： Pan, Tingting Mo, Lipo Cao, Xianbing School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China

This paper is devoted to the consensus problem of second-order discrete-time multi- agent systems with white noise disturbance under Markovian switching topologies. Based on the information of agent and its neighbors, a control protocol is designed, which can make the systems reach bounded consensus. By means of Lyapunov function and matrix analysis method, a sufficient condition of the mean square bounded consensus is obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. © 2015

关键词： Multi agent systems Lyapunov functions White noise consensus Consensus problems control protocols Discrete time Markovian switching Matrix analysis Noise disturbance Second orders

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