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controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) Simulation of a Multi-functional Energy Storage System Based on Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converter (M2DC) for MVDC Grid 8

Controller Hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) Simulation of a Multi...

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8th IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia)

作者： Mo, Ran Steurer, Michael Li, Hui Florida State Univ Ctr Adv Power Syst Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509012107

This paper applies controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) technology to investigate a proposed modular multilevel converter based battery energy storage system (BESS) performance in MVDC grid application. The system hardware prototyping and experiment can be very costly and time consuming due to its high power and high voltage rating, therefore, CHIL offers an effective approach to verify the proposed BESS capability with low cost and fast implementation. The BESS is modeled in real time simulation platform and the converter control strategy is realized in a commercial control hardware. With the developed CHIL testbed, the multifunctional BESS characteristics can be verified, including active power filter and fault current limiting as well as energy supplement capability.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop battery storage modular multilevel converter(MMC) MVDC

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Design and Evaluation of SunSpec-Compliant Smart Grid controller with an Automated hardware-in-the-loop Testbed

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TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF SMART GRIDS AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2017年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Johnson, Jay Ablinger, Ron Brundlinger, Roland Fox, Bob Flicker, Jack Sandia Natl Labs Photovolta & Distributed Syst Integrat POB 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 USA AIT Austrian Inst Technol Elect Energy Syst Vienna Austria SunSpec Alliance San Jose CA USA Sandia Natl Labs Adv Microelect & Radiat Effects POB 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

With increasing penetrations of inverter-based, renewable energy resources on electrical grids around the world, new distributed energy resource (DER) interconnection and interoperability requirements have been introduced to address emerging power system operator needs. The inverter-based power conversion systems are capable of communicating with grid operators, providing voltage and frequency support, and supporting the grid during faults. However, DER vendors are under pressure to quickly and reliably update the interoperability and electrical capabilities of their equipment for different jurisdictions with the rapidly changing landscape of disparate codes and standards. The necessary power hardware required for testing power systems under the wide variety of operational conditions may be untenable for many organizations. Therefore, we introduce an approach for the concurrent development of controls and application software through a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed integrated with an automated testing platform that allows for the cost-effective, flexible evaluation of advanced grid support functions without the need for large and expensive power hardware. We show this CHIL capability through the demonstration and automation of interconnection tests with a 34.5 kW Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) smart grid converter (SGC) connected to a Typhoon HIL system. We have demonstrated the CHIL system with regards to connect/disconnect, active power curtailment, fixed power factor, reactive power control, volt-var, and frequency-watt advanced grid functionality tests. For all tests, the automated CHIL testing protocols for advanced functions were sufficient to demonstrate and evaluate the grid support behavior of the equipment under test.

关键词： Systems integration Grid integration Inverter design Advanced grid-support functions controller hardware-in-the-loop DER interoperability

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Remote hardware-in-the-loop Approach for Microgrid controller Evaluation

Remote Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Microgrid Controlle...

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Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC)

作者： Prabakar, Kumaraguru Valibeygi, Amir Konakalla, Sai Akhil R. Miller, Brian de Callafon, Raymond A. Pratt, Annabelle Symko-Davies, Martha Bialek, Thomas Natl Renewable Energy Lab Golden CO 80401 USA Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA San Diego Gas & Elect Co San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193847

Utilities have been installing microgrids because of the increased resilience and reliability advantages they may provide to the distribution system. A microgrid controller is a critical component in microgrids. It is of great benefit to derisk the installation of microgrid controllers before field deployment. hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is used by controller developers and utilities to evaluate the controllers under stressful conditions. In this work, a microgrid control function developed by the Synchrophasor Grid Monitoring and Automation (SyGMA) laboratory at the University of California, San Diego is tested in a remote HIL (RHIL) setup. The digital real-time simulation of the detailed microgrid system was operated at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Energy Systems Integration Facility. Under such RHIL setup, successful controller operation is contingent on understanding and characterizing the communications channel and in particular network latencies. The novelty of this paper is the proposed use of a RHIL setup that leverages existing power system communications protocols to evaluate the controller in conjunction with the simulation capabilities of a remote facility. The work presented here will provide the complete setup of the HIL evaluation platform, the details of the communications protocols used by the setup for data transfer between the two organizations, test cases developed to evaluate the controller, and the results from the experiments.

关键词： microgrids microgrid controller hardware-inthe-loop controller hardware-in-the-loop remote hardware-inthe-loop IEEE 2030.7 IEEE 2030.8

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WOA-tuned supertwisted synergetic control of multipurpose on-board charger for G2V/V2G/V2V operational modes of electric vehicles

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2025年 154卷

作者： Adil, Hafiz Mian Muhammad Khan, Hassan Abbas Lahore Univ Management Sci LUMS Dept Elect Engn Lahore 54792 Pakistan

On-board chargers within electric vehicles (EVs) must efficiently manage grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle- to-grid (V2G), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) modes for sustainable EV operation. This paper introduces a modified hybrid nonlinear control approach that utilizes the whale optimization algorithm-tuned supertwisted synergetic (WOA-ST-syn) technique fora multipurpose on-board charger (MP-OBC). The whale optimization algorithm(WOA) adjusts the parameters of supertwisted synergetic controller using the integral time absolute error, reducing the need for exhaustive trial-and-error adjustments. The controller employs the state space model of a two-stage on-board electric vehicle charging system, ensuring stability through the Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink evaluate the performance of the proposed controller across various operational modes, testing robustness against varying load currents and mode-switching conditions. Results indicate significant improvements over state-of-the-art nonlinear controllers, with minimal chattering, shortest rise time (0.0007 s for AC-DC, 1.5520 s for DC-DC), fastest settling time (0.0447 s for AC-DC, 2.0550 s for DC-DC), and minimal steady-state error (0.0010% for AC-DC, 0.0004% for DC-DC). controller hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) experiments were also performed to confirm the real-time applicability of the controller.

关键词： Whale optimization algorithm Grid-to-vehicle Vehicle-to-grid Vehicle-to-vehicle Robust nonlinear control controller hardware-in-the-loop

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Improved Fault Ride-Through Response of Grid Forming Inverters Under Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2025年第1期40卷 394-408页

作者： Khan, Imran Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Inst Technol Dept Energy Sci & Engn Mumbai 400076 India

The voltage source behaviour of grid forming inverters is in demand owing to their instantaneous reaction to disturbances in the grid. However, this might lead to the flow of high magnitudes currents during faults. Thus advanced approaches are required which aid in successful fault ride-through (FRT) without hampering the current limits of the semiconductor switches. This paper proposes a virtual impedance based scheme to control steady state currents, while utilizing the direct modulation scheme of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) to limit the transient current peaks. The proposed approach limits inverter currents during both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. The proposed grid forming control demonstrates high bandwidth in normal and sag voltage levels. Further the negative sequence current injection during an asymmetrical fault can also be controlled. Extensive simulations are performed on a grid connected network under variation of grid parameters. Further, the proposed method is applied to inverters operating in CIGRE low voltage benchmark networks which demonstrate successful FRT behaviour in grid connected and islanded mode. Experimental validation of the proposed approach is carried using controller-hardware-in-the loop setup with CIGRE network demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed controller even in back to back faults.

关键词： Voltage control Circuit faults Transient analysis Limiting Power system stability Fault currents Current control controller hardware-in-the-loop fault ride-through (FRT) grid forming inverters model predictive control virtual impedance

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Evaluating Power Sharing Performance of Distributed Generators in Microgrids With Hybrid Sources and Mixed Tie-Lines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2023年第5期59卷 5363-5375页

作者： Khan, Imran Vijay, A. S. Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Inst Technol Dept Energy Sci & Engn Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India

Proportional output power sharing amongst distributed sources in islanded microgrids is necessary to maintain a good voltage profile, avoid tripping of sources and avoid circulating current flows. Underground (UG) cables are popular in densely populated areas and military applications. However, researchers typically consider microgrid networks with overhead lines (OHL) in their studies. This article examines the power sharing performance among droop controlled inverters and virtual synchronous generators in a system with mixed tie-line configurations i.e., network sections with both OHL and UG cable tie-lines. Furthermore, two proposed control strategies to vary the virtual impedance linearly as a function of the DG output currents are examined for their effectiveness to improve the proportional power sharing. The studies are performed considering a system with four inverter based sources operated with the popularly used L and RL droop controllers through detailed simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The enhancement of power sharing is verified for both uniform and non-uniform inverter controls, different R/X ratios of the OHL and UG cables, and in a meshed network configuration with different loading conditions. controller hardware in the loop (CHIL) based experiment validation is carried out in Typhoon HIL with linear, non-linear and induction motor load, showing that proposed control strategy results in enhanced power sharing in addition to damping oscillations due to dynamic loads.

关键词： Adaptive control controller hardware-in-the-loop overhead lines power sharing typhoon hil underground cables virtual impedance virtual synchronous generator

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A Novel Approach in Evaluating Battery Charger controller Design with Nonlinear PID controller for an Extendable CHIL Setup

A Novel Approach in Evaluating Battery Charger Controller De...

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Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Rad, Shervin Salehi Muhlbaier, Micheal Fishman, Oleg Chevinly, Javad Nadi, Elias Zhang, Hua Lu, Fei Drexel Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Alencon Syst LLC Engn Philadelphia PA USA Alencon Syst LLC Board Directors Philadelphia PA USA Rowan Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Glassboro NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317671;9798350317664

The design and development of power electronics converters pose a multitude of challenges. The evaluation of power electronics converters, particularly when operating at high power levels, presents a significant task, offering designers a deeper understanding of the functionality. Several methodologies have been devised to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests, which are classified into two main categories: controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) tests. This paper explores the advantages and drawbacks of these two approaches and introduces a straightforward and cost-effective CHIL method for initial proof of concept and risk-free controller training. This method is based on the interaction between MATLAB/Simulink and Python. To assess the operation of the proposed system, a modeled battery pack (96S1P) is charged using a modeled battery charger converter, employing a non-linear PID controller. In this scenario, the controller benefits from the CC-CV technique for charging the battery pack. The results are presented in the final section.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop Battery charger controller hardware-in-the-loop Power hardware-in-the-loop

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Domain of Attraction's Estimation for Grid Connected Converters With Phase-Locked loop

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2022年第2期37卷 1351-1362页

作者： Zhang, Ziqian Schuerhuber, Robert Fickert, Lothar Friedl, Katrin Chen, Guochu Zhang, Yongming Graz Univ Technol Inst Elect Power Syst A-8010 Graz Austria Shanghai Dianji Univ Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China

A large number of non-linear hardware and control units exists in power electronic system used in grid connected devices. The analytical transient stability analysis of grid-connected converters presents numerous difficulties. A common method to tackle this problem is the stability analysis using Lyapunov's method. By applying this method, difficulties arise not only from finding a suitable Lyapunov function, but also from checking the constraint of Lyapunov stability. If the appropriate Lyapunov function is a high-order polynomial, it is very challenging to test if it meets the constraints of Lyapunov stability in certain regions. In this paper, the sum-of-squares programming method is used to obtain the estimation of a converter's domain of attraction with a relatively small number of iterations compared to classically applied methods, such as the Monte Carlo method. The estimation of the domain of attraction are verified by time-domain simulations and StarSim's controller hardware-in-the-loop tests in this paper.

关键词： Phase locked loops Direction-of-arrival estimation Power system stability Estimation Mathematical model Transient analysis Analytical models Converter stability phase-locked loop transient stability Lyapunov method domain of attraction sum-of-squares controller hardware-in-the-loop

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hardware-In-the-loop Simulation of a Step-Up Converter Using the GDS Oversampling Technique in a Microcontroller 8

Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation of a Step-Up Converter Using...

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8th Southern Power Electronics Conference and the 17th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, SPEC / COBEP 2023

作者： Sotero, Matheus Barbosa Rolim, Luís Guilherme Programa de Engenharia Elétrica Coppe Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321128

The objective of this work is the implementation and experimental validation of a high frequency sampling technique for switch gate drive signals, known as Gate Drive Signal Over-sampling (GDS Oversampling). This technique allows a static power converter to be simulated in real time with an integration step of the same order of magnitude as the switching period. The implementation is carried out in a Texas Instruments F28379D microcontroller, and for validation purposes a hardware-In-the-loop (HIL) simulation of a Step-Up converter is performed. In this HIL configuration, one core of the microcontroller is responsible for simulating the converter, using an average model, while the other core is responsible for controlling the converter. Finally, the obtained results are compared with an offline simulation carried out entirely in PSIM. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop converter simulation GDS oversampling hardware-in-the-loop microcontroller realtime simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop Assessment of Grid-Forming Inverters for Off-Grid Application of a Fuel Cell System 8

Hardware-in-the-loop Assessment of Grid-Forming Inverters fo...

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8th Southern Power Electronics Conference and the 17th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, SPEC / COBEP 2023

作者： Teixeira Do Amaral, João Marcelo Santos Ramos, Janito Dos Mendonça De Souza, Carolina Coutinho Da Silva Dias, Robson Francisco Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Electrical Engineering Department Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321128

This paper presents a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) setup for a two-stage converter that integrates a Fuel Cell (FC) as a storage system within an isolated microgrid. The first stage employs a Three-Leg Interleaved Boost DC/DC Converter (IBC), while the second is a Three-Phase Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The DC/DC stage utilizes Cascade Voltage Control (CVC), while for the DC/AC stage, three distinct grid-forming strategies are implemented to facilitate a comparative analysis of the system's response and its compliance to the IEC 62040-3 standard. The power structure of the system is simulated using the Real-Time Simulator (RTS) HIL 602+ from Typhoon-HIL, with the control strategies embedded on the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F28379D - F28379D LaunchPad from Texas Instruments (TI). Verification of the CHIL setup was conducted through various load step tests to evaluate the performance of the control systems. The results demonstrate that only one of the control strategies was in compliance with the specified requirements. Moreover, a comparative analysis between offline and real-time simulations was performed to assess the effectiveness of the CHIL implementation. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop Fuel Cell grid-forming microgrid two-stage converter

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