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Numerical Investigation of drug delivery Mechanisms in Pulsatile Flow with Machine Learning Approach

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS 2025年第3期46卷 1-28页

作者： Akhtar, Yasmeen Ahmad, Shabbir Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Hendy, Ahmed S. Yousif, Badria Almaz Ali Idress, Raga Zhejiang Univ Inst Pharmaceut Coll Pharmaceut Sci Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande Grad Program Ocean Engn Sch Engn Italia AveKm 8 BR-96203900 Rio Grande RS Brazil Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Univ Engn & Technol Dept Math Multan 60000 Pakistan China Univ Geosci Inst Geophys & Geomat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Qassim Univ Coll Sci Dept Math Buraydah 51452 Saudi Arabia Ural Fed Univ Inst Nat Sci & Math Dept Computat Math & Comp Sci 19 Mira St Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia Western Caspian Univ Dept Mech & Math Baku 1001 Azerbaijan

This study is significant as it introduces an innovative approach to improving cancer drug delivery. It integrates machine learningd* algorithms, potentially revolutionizing treatment precision and efficiency. The study investigates nanoparticles modeled using a Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LM-NN). These nanoparticles can act as dual-function agents to enhance drug delivery to tumors and reduce harmful hydrogen peroxide levels in the bloodstream. The research methodology includes modeling blood flow as pulsatile within a parallel plate channel. It also incorporates porous media to simulate foamy structures. The study addresses heat transfer dynamics and chemically reactive species. It uses nanoparticle concentration equations that account for diffusion, convection, and chemical reaction processes. The study concludes that combining machine learning with fluid dynamics modeling greatly improves the understanding of drug delivery efficiency. It also highlights its impact on physiological factors. Heat transfer, Reynolds number, and parameters like darcy and Forchheimer are vital for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic agents. Magnetic fields and Schmidt numbers are crucial for regulating blood flow and enhancing treatment outcomes. These insights could lead to improved treatment protocols and better management of blood flow within the cardiovascular system, particularly in areas targeted for cancer treatment. By optimizing drug delivery to cancer tissues, this approach could potentially lower side effects through more controlled and efficient targeting of therapeutic agents. Additionally, the research emphasizes the critical role of computational models in refining drug delivery strategies, offering a pathway toward more personalized and effective cancer treatment protocols in the future.

关键词： algorithm Cancer tissues Cardiovascular system drug delivery Efficiency Machine learning

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Examining the assumptions of AI hiring assessments and their impact on job seekers' autonomy over self-representation

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AI & SOCIETY 2025年第2期40卷 919-927页

作者： Aizenberg, Evgeni dennis, Matthew J. van den Hoven, Jeroen Delft Univ Technol AiTech Interdisciplinary Res Program Meaningful Hu Delft Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Dept Intelligent Syst Delft Netherlands Univ Twente Dept Design Prod & Management Human Ctr Design Grp Enschede Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Ind Engn & Innovat Sci Philosophy & Ethics Grp Eindhoven Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Dept Values Technol & Innovat Delft Netherlands

In this paper, we examine the epistemological and ontological assumptionsd* algorithmic hiring assessments make about job seekers' attributes (e.g., competencies, skills, abilities) and the ethical implications of these assumptions. Given that both traditional psychometric hiring assessments and* algorithmic assessments share a common set of underlying assumptions from the psychometric paradigm, we turn to literature that has examined the merits and limitations of these assumptions, gathering insights across multiple disciplines and several decades. Our exploration leads us to conclude thatd* algorithmic hiring assessments are incompatible with attributes whose meanings are context-dependent and socially constructed. Such attributes call instead for assessment paradigms that offer space for negotiation of meanings between the job seeker and the employer. We argue that in addition to questioning the validity ofd* algorithmic hiring assessments, this raises an often overlooked ethical impact on job seekers' autonomy over self-representation: their ability to directly represent their identity, lived experiences, and aspirations. Infringement on this autonomy constitutes an infringement on job seekers' dignity. We suggest beginning to address these issues through epistemological and ethical reflection regarding the choice of assessment paradigm, the means to implement it, and the ethical impacts of these choices. This entails a transdisciplinary effort that would involve job seekers, hiring managers, recruiters, and other professionals and researchers. Combined with a socio-technical design perspective, this may help generate new ideas regarding appropriate roles for human-to-human and human-technology interactions in the hiring process.

关键词： AI algorithm Hiring Autonomy Self-representation dignity

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Insights of computer vision-based techniques: perspective transformation and sliding window approach for lane line detection in autonomous vehicles

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE PERFORMANCE 2025年第1期11卷 26-52页

作者： Pagale, Madhuri Mulik, Sunanda Purohit, Richa Thakare, Anuradha DY Patil Int Univ CSE AI & ML Dept Pune India Pimpri Chinchwad Coll Engn Pune India DY Patil Int Univ Sch Comp Sci Engn & Applicat Pune India Sri Balaji Univ Sch Comp Studies Pune India Pimpri Chinchwad Coll Engn Dept Comp Engn Pune India

The technique of sliding windows and perspective modification are employed in this work for lane identification. Then, binary thresholding is applied. We utilise state-of-the-art methods to obtain directional gradients and gradient magnitudes, enhancing the data necessary for lane identification. An essential first step is to change your frame of view so that you may examine things from a different angle. To effectively follow previously recognised lane pixels, we apply the sliding window method to lane recognition. Our method guarantees a smooth incorporation of lane information by superimposing the detected lane lines onto the initial image using a mask. We present a new metric for lane quality assessment that provides a quantitative measure of detection accuracy and is based on the mean and variance. Autonomous vehicles and driver-assistance systems stand to benefit greatly from this comprehensive strategy, which aims to elevate lane identification to a new level of excellence.

关键词： autonomous vehicle road lane lines lane detection lanes road safety dAS deep learning perspective transformation sliding window technique algorithm

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Adding Oscillometry and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide to Guidelines Potentially Enhances Identification of Exacerbation Risk Factors in Asthmatic Children

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PEdIATRIC PULMONOLOGY 2025年第1期60卷 e27379页

作者： Galant, Stanley P. Morphew, Tricia Childrens Hosp Orange Cty Orange CA 92868 USA Univ Calif Irvine Orange CA 92697 USA Morphew Consulting LLC Bothell WA 98021 USA

BackgroundA possible explanation for the continued risk of asthma exacerbations while utilizing current asthma guideline-based management is the failure to consider small airway dysfunction (SAd) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in assuming asthma-controlled *** construct a practicald* algorithm that potentially identifies additional risks of not well-controlled (NWC) asthma and exacerbations beyond guideline criteria with oscillometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) *** was a retrospective, posthoc analysis of 183 children, ages 4-18 years, with moderate-to-severe asthma, characterized by demographic factors, National Health Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) determined asthma-controlled status, therapy step, and lung function status. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) and FENO were performed before spirometry. Abnormal lung function values were determined for spirometry, SAd, and FENO based on established thresholds. Statistical analysis included a decision tree and Venn *** 53 patients with guideline-based NWC, 15 (28.3%) had an FEV1 <= 80% predicted. An additional 30 patients (56.6%) had abnormal SAd and/or FENO with a preserved FEV1. Of 130 patients, well-controlled (WC) by guidelines 76 (58.5%) exhibited SAd and/or abnormal *** data demonstrate that over 50% of WC patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, with few symptoms and preserved FEV1, had SAd and/or abnormal FENO levels, suggesting the potential of early phenotype-specific therapy to prevent risk of future exacerbations.

关键词： algorithm decision tree exacerbations fractional exhaled nitric oxide impulse oscillometry moderate-to-severe asthma not well-controlled asthma peripheral airway impairment well-controlled asthma

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Practical microenvironment classification in diffuse large B cell lymphoma using digital pathology

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CELL REPORTS MEdICINE 2025年第4期6卷 102030-102030页

作者： Wang, Yu-Qing Wang, Shuo Yi, Hong-Mei Qian, Ying Wang, Yue Xu, Hai-Min Xu-Monette, Zijun Y. Au, Kelly Tian, Shuang dong, Yan Zhao, Jing Fu, di Mu, Rong-Ji Wang, Shu-Ye Wang, Li Young, Ken H. Xu, Peng-Peng Zhao, Wei-Li Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Inst Hematol Natl Res Ctr Translat Med Shanghai State Key Lab Med GenomRuijin HospSch Med Shanghai Peoples R China Harbin Med Univ Dept Hematol Affiliated Hosp 1 Harbin Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Ruijin Hosp Sch Med Dept Pathol Shanghai Peoples R China Duke Univ Med Ctr Hematopathol Div Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Univ Dept Pathol Med Ctr Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Canc Inst Durham NC 27710 USA Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Dept Publ Hlth Shanghai Peoples R China Lab Mol Pathol Pole Rech Sino Francais Sci Vivant & Genom Shanghai Peoples R China

diffuse large B cell lymphoma (dLBCL) is a heterogeneous B cell neoplasm with variable clinical outcomes influenced by both tumor-derived and lymphoma microenvironment (LME) alterations. A recent transcriptomic study identifies four dLBCL subtypes based on LME characteristics: germinal center (GC)-like, mesenchymal (MS), inflammatory (IN), and depleted (dP). However, integrating this classification into clinical practice remains challenging. Here, we utilize deconvolution methods to assess microenvironment component abundance, establishing an LME classification of dLBCL using immunohistochemistry markers and digital pathology based on Cd3, Cd8, Cd68, Pd-L1, and collagen. This staining-based* algorithm demonstrates over 80% concordance with transcriptome-based classification. Single-cell sequencing confirms that the immune microenvironments distinguished by thisd* algorithm align with transcriptomic profiles. Significant disparities in overall and progression-free survival are observed among LME subtypes following rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) or R-CHOP with targeted agents (R-CHOP-X) immunochemotherapy. LME subtypes differed from distinct immune escape mechanisms, highlighting specific immunotherapeutic targets and supporting application of this classification in future precision medicine trials.

关键词： diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell of origin lymphoma microenvironment digital pathology algorithm immune evasion immunotherapy

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Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee

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JOURNAL OF PEdIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY ANd NUTRITION 2025年第3期80卷 510-532页

作者： Broekaert, Ilse Julia Assa, Amit Borrelli, Osvaldo Saccomani, Marco deganello Homan, Matjaz Martin-de-Carpi, Javier Mas, Emmanuel Miele, Erasmo Misak, Zrinjka Sila, Sara Thomson, Mike Tzivinikos, Christos dolinsek, Jernej Univ Cologne Fac Med Dept Paediat Cologne Germany Univ Cologne Univ Hosp Cologne Cologne Germany Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Shaare Zedek Med Ctr Juliet Keidan Inst Paediat Gastroenterol & Nutr Jerusalem Israel Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children Dept Paediat Gastroenterol Div Neurogastroenterol & Motil London England Womans & Childs Univ Hosp Verona Dept Paediat Verona Italy Univ Ljubljana Univ Childrens Hosp Fac Med Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr Ljubljana Slovenia Hosp San Juan Dios Dept Paediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr Barcelona Spain Hop Enfants Serv Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr & Malad Hereditai Toulouse France Univ Toulouse IRSD INSERM INRAEENVTUPS Toulouse France Univ Naples Federico II Dept Translat Med Sci Sect Pediat Naples Italy Childrens Hosp Zagreb Referral Ctr Paediat Gastroenterol & Nutr Zagreb Croatia Sheffield Childrens Hosp NHS Fdn Trust Ctr Paediat Gastroenterol Sheffield England Al Jalila Childrens Specialty Hosp Neurol Dept Dubai U Arab Emirates Univ Med Ctr Maribor Dept Paediat Maribor Slovenia

Anaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender-dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease) or not (e.g., coeliac disease and dysmotility), are causing anaemia. drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors, mesalamine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, are also a potential cause of anaemia. Not uncommonly, due to a combination of factors, such as iron deficiency and a chronic inflammatory state, the underlying pathophysiology may be difficult to decipher and a broad diagnostic work-up is required. The goal of treatment is correction of anaemia by supplementation of iron and vitamins. The first therapeutic step is to treat the underlying cause of anaemia including bleeding control, restoration of intestinal integrity and reduction of inflammatory burden. The route of iron and vitamin supplementation is guided by the severity of anaemia.

关键词： algorithm diagnosis therapy

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Understanding "Alert Fatigue" in Primary Care: Qualitative Systematic Review of General Practitioners Attitudes and Experiences of Clinical Alerts, Prompts, and Reminders

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JOURNAL OF MEdICAL INTERNET RESEARCH 2025年 27卷 e62763页

作者： Gani, Illin Litchfield, Ian Shukla, david delanerolle, Gayathri Cockburn, Neil Pathmanathan, Anna Univ Birmingham Dept Hlth Sci Birmingham England Univ Bristol Ctr Acad Primary Care Populat Hlth Sci Bristol England

Background: The consistency and quality of care in modern primary care are supported by various clinical reminders (CRs), which include "alerts" describing the consequences of certain decisions and"prompts" that remind users to perform tasks promoting desirableclinical behaviors. However, not all CRs are acted upon, and many are disregarded by general practitioners (GPs), a chronic issue commonly referred to as "alert fatigue." This phenomenon has significant implications for the safety and quality of care, GP burnout, and broader medicolegal consequences. Research on mitigating alert fatigue and optimizing the use of CRs remains limited. This review offers much-needed insight into GP attitudes toward the deployment, design, and overall effectiveness of CRs. Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesize current qualitative research on GPs' attitudes toward CRs, enabling an exploration of the interacting influences on the occurrence of alert fatigue in GPs, including the deployment, design, and perceived efficacy of CRs. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the Health Technology Assessment database, MEdLINE, MEdLINE In-Process, Embase, CINAHL, ConferenceProceedingsCitation Index, PsycINFO, andOpenGrey. Thesearchfocused on primary qualitative and mixed methods research conducted in general or family practice, specifically exploring GPs' experiences with CRs. All databases were searched from inception to december 31, 2023. To ensure structured and practicable findings, we used a directed content analysis of the data, guided by the 7 domains of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework, including domains related to Technology, Adopter attitudes, and Organization. Results: A total of 9 studies were included, and the findings were organized within the 7 domains. Regarding Condition and Value Proposition, GPs viewed CRs as an effective way to maintain or improve the safety and quality of care they p

关键词： primary care general practitioners alert fatigue computer decision support systems fatigue qualitative systematic review quality of care clinical behaviors behaviors database family practice family algorithm patient safety patient

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OPTINOFA - Intelligenter Assistenzdienst zur strukturierten Ersteinschätzung in der Notaufnahme

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MEdIZINISCHE KLINIK-INTENSIVMEdIZIN UNd NOTFALLMEdIZIN 2025年第3期120卷 208-221页

作者： Nyoungui, Elisabeth Karg, Marina V. Wieckenberg, Marc Esslinger, Katrin Schmucker, Michael Reiswich, Andreas Antweiler, Kai L. Friede, Tim Haag, Martin dormann, Harald Blaschke, Sabine Univ Med Gottingen Zentrale Notaufnahme Gottingen Germany Klinikum Furth Zentrale Notaufnahme Furth Germany Evangel Krankenhaus Gottingen Weende Zentrale Notaufnahme Gottingen Germany Univ Med Gottingen Inst Med Informat Gottingen Germany Hsch Heilbronn GECKO Inst Heilbronn Germany Univ Med Gottingen Inst Med Stat Gottingen Germany Univ Med Gottingen Zentrale Notaufnahm Robert Koch Str 40 D-37075 Gottingen Germany

Background: Case numbers in central emergency departments (Eds) have risen during the past decade in Germany, leading to recurrent overcrowding, increased risks in emergency care, and elevated costs. Particularly the fraction of outpatient emergency treatments has increased disproportionately. Within the framework of the Optimization of emergency care by structured triage with intelligent assistant service (OPTINOFA, Forderkennzeichen [FKZ] 01NVF17035) project, an intelligent assistance service was developed. Patients and methods: New triaged* algorithms were developed for the 20 most frequent leading symptoms on the basis of established triage systems (emergency severity index, ESI;Manchester triage system, MTS) and provided as web-based intelligent assistance services on mobile devices. To evaluate the validity, reliability, and safety of the new OPTINOFA triage instrument, a pilot study was conducted in three Eds after ethics committee approval. Results: In the pilot study, n = 718 Ed patients were included (age 59.1 +/- 22 years;349 male, 369 female). With respect to disposition (out-/inpatient), a sensitivity of 91.1% and a specificity of 40.7%, and a good correlation with the OPTINOFA triage levels were detected (Spearman's rank correlation rho = 0.41). Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of disposition according to the OPTINOFA triage level was 0.73. The in-hospital mortality rate of OPTINOFA triage levels 4 and 5 was 0%. The association between the length of Ed stay and the OPTINOFA triage level was shown to be significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the pilot study demonstrate the safety and validity of the new triage system OPTINOFA. By definition of both urgency and emergency care level, new customized perspectives for load reduction in German Eds via a closer cooperation between out- and inpatient sectors of emergency care could be established.

关键词： Emergency medicine algorithm Organizational decision-making decision support techniques

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Marketing Strategy Metamorphosis Under the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Services

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SYSTEMS 2025年第4期13卷 227-227页

作者： Stancu, Adrian Panait, Mirela Petr Gas Univ Ploiesti Fac Econ Sci Dept Business Adm 39 Bucharest Ave Ploiesti 100680 Romania Petr Gas Univ Ploiesti Fac Econ Sci Dept Cybernet Informat Finance & Accounting 39 Bucharest Ave Ploiesti 100680 Romania

Companies' marketing decision-making effectiveness depends on the quality of actions and time. In the current digital era, any marketing decision making must be timely in response to customers' feedback, and implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technology is one significant option. This paper focuses on designing and* algorithm for Marketing Strategy decision Making (AMSdM) that employs AI services to process online feedback from customers regarding products and services from companies' websites or other e-commerce and social media platforms. For this research, 1200 texts containing customer feedback were analyzed by Azure Text Analytics service, which identifies the types of customers' online feedback, domains, subdomains, and keywords it refers to and understands the emotional tone and attitudes conveyed in customer responses through sentiment analysis techniques. The model performance was underlined by computing the Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score metrics for both short and long phrases feedback. Furthermore, Azure Text Analytics was integrated into a C# script to extract the frequency of occurrence of domains, subdomains, and keywords. After that, the process of AMSdM and its advantages were detailed. The AMSdM eliminates the necessity for manual intervention and conserves both time and resources. Moreover, the real-time nature of the analysis allows companies to respond promptly to changing market dynamics and customer preferences.

关键词： marketing strategy decision making customers' online feedback E-commerce algorithm artificial intelligence Azure Text Analytics sentiment analysis

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IbI logics optimizationd* algorithm-based high-order sliding mode control for dSIG within a wind turbine system

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RESULTS IN ENGINEERING 2025年 25卷

作者： Benzaoui, Khaled Bouguerra, Abderrahmen Zeghlache, Samir Elsanabary, Ahmed Mekhilef, Saad Bendib, Ahmed Ghadbane, Houssam eddine Rezk, Hegazy Univ Msila Fac Technol Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn Lab LGE Msila 28000 Algeria Univ Msila Fac Technol Elect Dept Signals & Syst Anal Lab LASS Msila 28000 Algeria Port Said Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Port Said 42526 Egypt Swinburne Univ Technol Sch Sci Comp & Engn Technol Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia Univ Blida Dept Elect SET Lab Blida Algeria Univ 8 Mai 1945 Dept Electrotech & Automatique Lab Genie Elect Guelma LGEG Guelma 24000 Algeria Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ Coll Engn Wadi Alddawasir Dept Elect Engn Al Kharj Saudi Arabia

Applying advanced control strategies with optimal parameters tuning is challenging for ensuring good tracking performance and stable operation of the dual-stator induction generator-based wind turbine (WT-dSIG) systems. To this end, the present paper proposes an innovative tuning method using an incomprehensible but intelligentin-time logicd* algorithm (ILA) to ensure optimal HOSMC controller parameters tuning. The optimally tuned HOSMC controller-based FOC scheme is applied to control a WT-dSIG system. This research offers a simple and effective method for optimal tuning of the control parameters, improving the control performance, hence the WT-dSIG system's stability. The proposed method is superior to the existing techniques, as it uses the IbI, a metaheuristic stochasticd* algorithm, to optimize the gains of the flux, speed, and current HOSMC controllers simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is assessed based on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation in a PLECS/RT Box real-time simulator. The HIL findings through comparative study further confirm the superiority of the optimally designed controllers over the conventional ones, highlighting significant enhancements in dynamic, steady-state, THd, and some other metrics. This research has practical implications for designing and operating WT-dSIG systems, offering a promising solution for improving their stability and performance.

关键词： Wind turbine dual-stator induction generator Flux-oriented control Sliding mode control Incomprehensible but intelligent-in-time logic algorithm High-order sliding mode controller

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