'Mother, Daughter, Doll' and 'Colourful Sitarah' are two photographic collections by Boushra Almutawakel (b. 1969). These collections aim to visualize the conservative grip on Yemeni women from the 196...
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'Mother, Daughter, Doll' and 'Colourful Sitarah' are two photographic collections by Boushra Almutawakel (b. 1969). These collections aim to visualize the conservative grip on Yemeni women from the 1960s up to the present day. This article discusses the progression of the blackness of female covering caused by social, political and cultural developments that are special to the Yemeni context. Almutawakel's photographs celebrate the sita over bar rah, the traditional colourful Yemeni cape, which was altered into a black, shapeless garment through the ideological invasion of Wahhabism in Yemen, which has led to increased isolation and invisibility for women there.
This study explored how students' perceptions of their lecturers' dress code influenced their inferences about the professional competences of the lecturers. Survey respondents were 102 students from a South A...
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This study explored how students' perceptions of their lecturers' dress code influenced their inferences about the professional competences of the lecturers. Survey respondents were 102 students from a South African university of technology (female = 60%;age range = 18 to 25 years, SD: Image 1 = 0.75;Image 2 = 0.60;Image 3 = 0.83 and Image 4 = 0.67). They responded to a structured survey with picture illustration figures of alternative dress code and across dimensions of professional competences: rapport, fairness, knowledge and credibility, and organisation and preparation. The findings suggest that lecturers' dress code does influence students perceptions of lecturers' qualities in the academic work environment. Results showed that students percieve both male and female professionally dressed lecturers more positively than casually dressed lecturers. Furthermore, instructor attire did not affect female and male students differently.
Background: In the recent years, vitamin D has become a topical subject and a focus of research not only in reproductive medicine but across many medical disciplines. In reproductive medicine, studies have identified ...
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Background: In the recent years, vitamin D has become a topical subject and a focus of research not only in reproductive medicine but across many medical disciplines. In reproductive medicine, studies have identified an association between vitamin D status in women and ovarian reserve. In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is the main important source of vitamin D. A dress code of wearing concealing clothing is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and ovarian reserve in a population of infertile women in Iran. As part of the basic fertility assessment of study participants, blood tests were taken to measure vitamin D concentration and transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed on day 2-5 of the cycle to determine antral follicle count (AFC). All study participants were assessed by a reproductive medicine specialist and consultant dermatologist to classify their skin types according to the Fitzpatrick classification. In addition, the dress code of each study participant was recorded noting the percentage of exposed skin not covered by concealing clothing. Results: 189 infertility patients were included in this study. The mean concentration of vitamin D in this study population was 15.46 ng/ml, indicating severe vitamin D deficiency. A statistically significant negative correlation between age and vitamin D (p = 0.008) and age and AFC (p = 0.001) was identified. This study revealed a highly significant correlation between vitamin D concentrations and AFC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A concealing dress code is an independent risk factor for vitamin D deficiency due to a lack of skin exposure to sunlight. Our study suggests that the so caused severe vitamin D deficiency may play a crucial role in reduced ovarian reserve in the herein described group of an infertile female Iranian population.
Control of the female body is a key component of both the formation of Muslim identities and the control of Muslim communities in European countries. I will argue that the regulation of the clothing worn by Muslim wom...
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Control of the female body is a key component of both the formation of Muslim identities and the control of Muslim communities in European countries. I will argue that the regulation of the clothing worn by Muslim women, both the restriction of its use (which occurs mainly in non-Muslim countries) and the requirement to wear a particular item, share the same goal: the control of women's bodies. In this respect, I will consider both the legal regulations that require women to wear the so-called Muslim' clothing and those that restrict it as a way of disciplining the population, and will focus on the control of women as a privileged form of political control.
School dress code policy issues receive attention in school disciplinary matters, in the media and other popular press sources, and in courtroom litigation. Scientific content for this school health issue is primarily...
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School dress code policy issues receive attention in school disciplinary matters, in the media and other popular press sources, and in courtroom litigation. Scientific content for this school health issue is primarily received from student records and adult input. This dissertation veers from the norm and investigates students’ perspectives of school dress code issues through three separate studies. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to assess the availability of peer reviewed publications regarding school dress code policy and student involvement. Findings from the review reveal the lack of inclusion of students in matters concerning school dress code policy development and implementation. Secondly, a cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze student input regarding and application of their school’s dress code. Participants (n=69) rated eight youth models dressed in outfits that were either in compliance, in violation, or were ambiguously dressed according to their school’s dress code policy. The female youth models wore identical outfits, as did the male youth models. Ratings were based on participants’ knowledge of the policy as well as their personal perceptions of each outfit. Results from the study reveal a deficiency in students’ ability to assess violations of the school dress code policy and varied opinions of appropriateness of dress. Lastly, a qualitative evaluation of ninth grade, African American girls’ perspective of the purpose of school dress codes and the impact the policy has on their school experience and personal choices for school attire. Seven participants were interviewed and findings reveal commonalities in their experiences such as being taught what is appropriate for school and professional dress as well as contradictions that exist in enforcement of the school’s policy. Additionally, the girls had a common practice of maintaining their own sense of style and individuality while complying with their school dress code.
In this study, we questioned how high school dress codes outlined in official handbooks were written or presented in regard to the gender binary, either/or perspective. We critically analyzed how or if they allowed fo...
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In this study, we questioned how high school dress codes outlined in official handbooks were written or presented in regard to the gender binary, either/or perspective. We critically analyzed how or if they allowed for flexibility in expression of gender and sexual identity and if they supported, encouraged, or affirmed a variety of expressions, in particular transgender and gender non-conforming expressions, throughout the text or images. The content analysis method was used to analyze 735 handbooks from the 2016 to 2017 school year. Three themes emerged from the data: (1) support of fluid gender expression, yet not overt support;(2) passive marginalization of gender non-conforming or transgender identities or expressions;and (3) active marginalization of gender non-conforming or transgender identities or expressions. The "LGBTQ+ dress code Analysis Tool" was developed for policy makers to use to analyze their dress codes.
This article assesses cultural representations of Blackness in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Hockey League (NHL) in relation to contemporary forms of racism in North American society. In p...
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This article assesses cultural representations of Blackness in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Hockey League (NHL) in relation to contemporary forms of racism in North American society. In particular, this case study examines media narratives surrounding the adoption of the NBA dress code and the behavior of NHL goaltender Ray Emery during the 2005 to 2006 basketball and hockey seasons. Despite significant differences in the racial composition of the two leagues, the NBA and the NHL made similar efforts to discipline, police, and contain the young Black males under their control. Racialized constructions of Black athletes as menacing, criminal, and dangerously different were prominent in media coverage of both sports. An exploration of these sporting controversies offers a transnational and comparative framework for understanding racial discourses in the United States and Canada today.
The absence of comprehensive educational theory regarding dress codes results in deference to community norms as a way to determine implementation and compliance. Implementing dress codes ultimately results in inconsi...
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The absence of comprehensive educational theory regarding dress codes results in deference to community norms as a way to determine implementation and compliance. Implementing dress codes ultimately results in inconsistent practices and violations of students’ rights. To the detriment to student learning, dress codes disproportionately affect girls and students of color embodying them as sexualized and inferior. Females are treated like objects while males are assumed to be incapable of controlling their sexual desires. School dress codes have been adopted as a means of controlling student behavior without fully exploring the relationship between curriculum and virtue. The current inconsistent dress code policies in schools violate curriculum theorists’ calls for a caring, democratic classroom environment. As part of the hidden curriculum in schools, dress codes serve to perpetuate oppression of females and minorities, thereby promoting the hegemony of the white male.
Although there are no attendance or registration fees in the UK for publicly funded school education there are hidden costs in attending compulsory education. This article investigates one of the hidden costs: school ...
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Although there are no attendance or registration fees in the UK for publicly funded school education there are hidden costs in attending compulsory education. This article investigates one of the hidden costs: school uniform. We investigate the affordability of school uniform in Scotland, looking at what is required in school uniform policy (class uniform and Physical Education kit), the costs of uniform and to what extent the national minimum clothing grant makes uniform affordable for households on low incomes. For this research we use a unique national dataset of the school uniform policies of all 357 publicly funded secondary schools in Scotland and responses to Freedom of Information requests sent to all local authorities (n = 30). From analysis of the uniform policies and the requirements and application processes for the national minimum clothing grant we are able to draw together recommendations for the Scottish Government, local authorities and schools. We also found a compelling need for detailed data collection on how much it costs to clothe children for a whole school year.
In international communication,the image of a person in the international perspective is not only representing an individual,but also a country and a nation,so dressing etiquette is especially important in internation...
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In international communication,the image of a person in the international perspective is not only representing an individual,but also a country and a nation,so dressing etiquette is especially important in international *** paper analyzes the dress code of Peng Liyuan,the First Lady of China,when she visited other countries,and finds that good dress code can not only show the great power and enhance the national cultural confidence,but also convey the Chinese spirit to the world.
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