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Effect of Virtual Reality News Presentation on News Learning

ELECTRONIC NEWS 2023年第3期17卷 164-180页

作者： Lo, Wai Han Cheng, Benjamin Ka Lun Wang, Shiqi Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Journalism Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Coll Int Educ Div Commun KowloonTong Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Sch Commun Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China

This is the first study in which the effects of viewing VR/360-degree video with and without a Cardboard device on news learning outcomes are examined. Cognitive load theory and the dual-coding hypothesis were adopted as the theoretical framework. An experiment was performed with 213 participants watching news clips. The findings show that the participants learned news information better from normal broadcast video or when they watched VR/360-degree video without a Cardboard device than when they watched VR/360-degree video with a Cardboard device. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

关键词： news learning virtual reality cognitive load theory dual-coding hypothesis

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THE SENSORY CONTENT OF PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE

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PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY 2015年第4期96卷 446-468页

作者： Berger, Jacob Idaho State Univ Dept English & Philosophy Pocatello ID 83209 USA

According to a traditional view, perceptual experiences are composites of distinct (but related) sensory and cognitive components. This dual-component theory has many benefits;in particular, it purports to offer a way forward in the debate over what kinds of properties perceptual experiences represent. On this kind of view, the issue reduces to the questions of what the sensory and cognitive components respectively represent. Here, I focus on the former topic. I propose a theory of the contents of the sensory aspects of perceptual experience that provides clear criteria for identifying what kinds of properties they represent.

关键词： Perception Experience dual-coding hypothesis Sensory memory Cognitive analysis Content (Psychology) Semantics (Philosophy)

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BELIEVING IN PERCEIVING: KNOWN ILLUSIONS AND THE CLASSICAL dual-COMPONENT THEORY

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PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY 2015年第4期96卷 550-575页

作者： Quilty-Dunn, Jake CUNY Grad Ctr Program Philosophy New York NY 10016 USA

According to a classic but nowadays discarded philosophical theory, perceptual experience is a complex of nonconceptual sensory states and full-blown propositional beliefs. This classical dual-component theory of experience is often taken to be obsolete. In particular, there seem to be cases in which perceptual experience and belief conflict: cases of known illusions, wherein subjects have beliefs contrary to the contents of their experiences. Modern dual-component theories reject the belief requirement and instead hold that perceptual experience is a complex of nonconceptual sensory states and some other sort of conceptual state. The most popular modern dual-component theory appeals to sui generis propositional attitudes called 'perceptual seemings'. This article argues that the classical dual-component theory has the resources to explain known illusions without giving up the claim that the conceptual components of experience are beliefs. The classical dual-component view, though often viewed as outdated and implausible, should be regarded as a serious contender in contemporary debates about the nature of perceptual experience.

关键词： Philosophy dual-coding hypothesis Perception Experience Hallucinations & illusions Delusions Propositional attitudes

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New extremal binary self-dual codes of length 58 as R₃-lifts from the shortened binary Hamming code

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JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2012年第9期349卷 2824-2833页

作者： Karadeniz, Suat Kaya, Abidin Fatih Univ Dept Math TR-34500 Istanbul Turkey

In this correspondence, a lift of the shortened binary [8,4,4] Hamming code to the ring R-3 is described. Using this lift, a family of self-dual codes over R-3 of length 7 are obtained. By taking the binary images of these codes and applying the extension method given in [15], 11 new extremal binary self-dual [58,29,10] codes with new weight enumerators are found which were not previously known to exist. (c) 2012 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： coding theory EXTREMAL problems (Mathematics) BINARY system (Mathematics) MATHEMATICAL analysis dual-coding hypothesis ENUMERATIVE coding

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Pictures in Test Items: Effects on Response Time and Response Correctness

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APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2012年第1期26卷 70-81页

作者： Sass, Steffani Wittwer, Joerg Senkbeil, Martin Koeller, Olaf Univ Kiel Leibniz Inst Sci & Math Educ Dept Educ Sci Kiel Germany

Although pictures are often added to text in items of educational tests, little is known about their influence on item solving. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in which we examined how pictures affected item solving. A total of N?=?158 fourth-grade students completed a physics knowledge test under one of six experimental conditions. The experimental conditions varied according to whether or not pictures were presented in the stem and in the answer options of the test items. The results showed that pictures in the stem and in the answer options increased the correctness with which students responded to the test items. This was particularly true for test items that required the application of relationships. In addition, response time was reduced when pictures were added to the answer options of the test items. Hence, pictures are an important feature of test items that produce changes in item processing. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： PICTURES EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements PSYCHOMETRICS REACTION time dual-coding hypothesis

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Response of Morris-Lecar neurons to various stimuli

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Physical Review E 2011年第2期83卷 021915-021915页

作者： Hengtong Wang Longfei Wang Lianchun Yu Yong Chen []Institute of Theoretical Physics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

We studied the responses of three classes of Morris-Lecar neurons to sinusoidal inputs and synaptic pulselike stimuli with deterministic and random interspike intervals (ISIs). It was found that the responses of the output frequency of class 1 and 2 neurons showed similar evolution properties by varying input amplitudes and frequencies, whereas class 3 neuron exhibited substantially different properties. Specifically, class 1 and 2 neurons display complicated phase locking (p : q, p>q, denoting output action potentials per input spikes) in low-frequency sinusoidal input area when the input amplitude is above their threshold, but a class 3 neuron does not fire action potentials in this area even if the amplitude is much higher. In the case of the deterministic ISI synaptic injection, all the three classes of neurons oscillate spikes with an arbitrary small frequency. When increasing the input frequency (both sinusoidal and deterministic ISI synaptic inputs), all neurons display 1 : 1 phase locking, whereas the response frequency decreases even fall to zero in the high-frequency input area. When the random ISI synaptic pulselike stimuli are injected into the neurons, one can clearly see the low-pass filter behaviors from the return map. The output ISI distribution depends on the mean ISI of input train as well as the ISI variation. Such different responses of three classes of neurons result from their distinct dynamical mechanisms of action potential initiation. It was suggested that the intrinsic dynamical cellular properties are very important to neuron information processing.

关键词： NEURONS RESPONSE rates dual-coding hypothesis INFORMATION processing NERVOUS system BIFURCATION theory

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The contents of visual memory are only partly under volitional control

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MEMORY & COGNITION 2008年第7期36卷 1360-1369页

作者： Olson, Ingrid R. Moore, Katherine Sledge Drowos, Davw B. Temple Univ Dept Psychol Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

When we look around within a visual scene, is visual information automatically placed in visual memory during each saccade, or can we control which information is retained and which is excluded? We examined this question in five experiments by requiring participants to remember sequentially presented visual shapes or faces-some of which were marked for encoding (targets) and others that were supposed to be ignored (distractors)-over a 1-sec delay. The results show that distractors were retained in visual memory, regardless of stimulus category, suggesting that it is a general phenomenon. Whether or not participants were allowed to prepare for a target or distractor did not modulate distractor intrusion. When attention coupled with eye movements could be used to select targets, distractors were no longer encoded into memory. When eye movements were constrained, distractors once again intruded into memory. These findings suggest that top-down control processes are insufficient to filter the contents of visual memory.

关键词： MEMORY testing VISUAL perception -- Research VISUAL learning RECOGNITION (Psychology) RESEARCH RECOLLECTION (Psychology) dual-coding hypothesis DISTRACTION (Psychology) RAPID eye movement sleep EYE -- Movements

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The picture superiority effect in associative recognition

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MEMORY & COGNITION 2008年第7期36卷 1351-1359页

作者： Hockley, William E. Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Psychol Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada

The picture superiority effect has been well documented in tests of item recognition and recall. The present study shows that the picture superiority effect extends to associative recognition. In three experiments, students studied lists consisting of random pairs of concrete words and pairs of line drawings;then they discriminated between intact (old) and rearranged (new) pairs of words and pictures at test. The discrimination advantage for pictures over words was seen in a greater hit rate for intact picture pairs, but there was no difference in the false alarm rates for the two types of stimuli. That is, there was no mirror effect. The same pattern of results was found when the test pairs consisted of the verbal labels of the pictures shown at study (Experiment 4), indicating that the hit rate advantage for picture pairs represents an encoding benefit. The results have implications for theories of the picture superiority effect and models of associative recognition.

关键词： RECOGNITION (Psychology) RESEARCH RECOLLECTION (Psychology) PERCEPTUAL learning dual-coding hypothesis ASSOCIATION of ideas VERBAL learning PSYCHOLOGY of learning INFORMATION retrieval -- Research STUDENTS -- Psychology

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Naturally nested, but why dual process?

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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2007年第3期30卷 276-+页

作者： Newell, Ben Hayes, Brett Univ New S Wales Sch Psychol Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The article by Barbey & Sloman (B&S) provides a valuable framework for integrating research on base-rate neglect and respect. The theoretical arguments and data supporting the nested set model are persuasive. But we found the dual-process account to be under- specified and less compelling. Our concerns are based on (a) inconsistencies within the literature cited by B&S, and (b) studies of base-rate neglect in categorization.

关键词： SET (Psychology) SET theory dual-coding hypothesis hypothesis REASONING (Logic) LOGIC JUDGMENT (Logic) ASSOCIATION of ideas DECISION making PSYCHOLOGY

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Nested sets theory, full stop: Explaining performance on Bayesian inference tasks without dual-systems assumptions

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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2007年第3期30卷 275-+页

作者： Mandel, David R. Def Res & Dev Canada Toronto Toronto ON M3M 3B9 Canada

Consistent with Barbey & Sloman (B&S), it is proposed that performance on Bayesian inference tasks is well explained by nested sets theory (NST). However, contrary to those authors' view, it is proposed that NST does better by dispelling with dual-systems assumptions. This article examines why, and sketches out a series of NST's core principles, which were not previously defined.

关键词： THEORY (Philosophy) SET (Psychology) BAYESIAN analysis INFERENCE (Logic) REASONING (Logic) JUDGMENT (Logic) dual-coding hypothesis ASSOCIATION of ideas SYMBOLIC & mathematical logic SET theory

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