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High Level Architecture data distribution management migration from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516

CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2004年第15期16卷 1527-1543页

作者： Morse, KL Petty, MD Sci Applicat Int Corp San Diego CA 92121 USA Old Dominion Univ Virginia Modeling Anal & Simulat Ctr Norfolk VA 23520 USA

bThe High Level Architecture (HLA) is an infrastructure for assembling federations of distributed simulations, or federates, that interoperate by exchanging simulation data at run time. HLA's data distribution management (DDM) services control the amount of simulation data delivered to an HLA federate by establishing dynamic data communications connections based on the federates' run-time declarations of data production and requirements. In September 2000 the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) approved a new standard for HLA, the IEEE 1516 standard. Most parts of the IEEE 1516 standard are generally similar to the U.S. Department of Defense HLA standard upon which it was based, the DoD 1.3 standard. However, the DDM services were significantly changed in the IEEE 1516 standard. The changes to DDM included the removal of routing spaces and the introduction of default dimension ranges. These changes simplified the implementation of some approaches to using DDM, but they did not affect the fundamental functionality of DDM. With some care, HLA users can develop DDM usage approaches that can be migrated smoothly from DoD 1.3 to IEEE 1516. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： High Level Architecture data distribution management

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A hybrid multicast-unicast assignment approach for data distribution management in HLA

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SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY 2014年 40卷 39-63页

作者： Wang, Jian Zheng, Ting Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Syst Engn Inst Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

The main focus of data distribution management (DDM) in HLA is to reduce the amount of data received by federates in large-scale distributed simulations. The use of limited multicast resources plays a key role in the performance of DDM. In order to improve the performance of DDM by using communication protocol effectively, a hybrid multicast unicast data transmission problem and its formal definition are presented, and then a hybrid multicast unicast assignment approach is proposed. The approach uses a new adaptive communication protocol selection (ACPS) strategy to utilize the advantages of multicast and unicast, avoid their disadvantages, and consider the inter-relationship between connections. It includes the ACPS static assignment algorithm and the ACPS dynamic assignment algorithm, according to the difference between the static connections and the dynamic connections. In our approach, a concept of distance is presented to measure the inter-relationship between connections for multicast and the message redundancy for unicast, which is the core of the two algorithms in order to gather the connections to a multicast group or to balance the use of unicast and multicast for best performance. As a result, our algorithms can more effectively decide whether a new connection should use unicast or multicast communication, and whether adjusting previous assignment result can further improve the performance. In addition, a control mechanism is introduced to deal with connection changes during the dynamic assignment. The experiment results indicate that our algorithms can utilize the multicast and unicast communication resources effectively, as well as can achieve better performance than existing methods in the real running environment. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HLA data distribution management Multicast Unicast Communication protocol selection

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Performance evaluation of data distribution management strategies

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2004年第15期16卷 1545-1573页

作者： Boukerche, A Dzermajko, C Univ Ottawa SITE Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ N Texas Dept Comp Sci Denton TX 76203 USA

data distribution management (DDM) is a High Level Architecture/Run-Time Infrastructure (HLA/RTI) service that manages the distribution of state updates and interaction information in large-scale distributed simulations and limits and controls the volume of data exchanged during the simulation. In this paper, we describe a mini-RTI framework that we have developed in an effort to determine the most efficient model for applying the DDM service and the limitations of the scalability of various DDM methods. We study and compare the performance of the following five DDM strategies: two variations of the fixed-based method, two variations of the dynamics grid-based scheme and the region-based method. Due to a lack of accepted benchmarks, we also propose a variety of workloads and scenarios, which we hope will become a standards benchmark within the distributed simulation communities. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： distributed simulation High Level Architecture data distribution management run-time infrastructure

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The computational complexity of the high level architecture data distribution management matching and connecting processes

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SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY 2004年第3-4期12卷 217-237页

作者： Petty, MD Morse, KL Old Dominion Univ Virginia Modeling Anal & Simulat Ctr Norfolk VA 23529 USA Sci Applicat Int Corp San Diego CA 92121 USA

The High Level Architecture (HLA) is an architecture standard for constructing federations of distributed simulations that exchange data at run-time. HLA includes interest management capabilities (known as "data distribution management") that reduce the data sent during a federation execution using the simulations' run-time declarations describing the data they plan to send and wish to receive. The total computation associated with data distribution management during the execution of a federation can be separated into four processes: declaring.. matching, connecting, and routing. These processes are defined and the computational complexities of the matching and connecting processes during a federation execution are determined. The matching process requires total time with a lower bound in Omega(n log n) and an upper bound in O(n(2)), where n is the number of run-time data distribution actions performed by the simulations. The commonly used approach to implementing the connecting process, multicast grouping, contains a problem that is NP-complete. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： high level architecture data distribution management multicast computational complexity NP-completeness interest management

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A binary partition-based matching algorithm for data distribution management in a High-level Architecture-based distributed simulation

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SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL 2012年第11期88卷 1350-1367页

作者： Ahn, Junghyun Sung, Changho Kim, Tag Gon Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept EE Taejon 305701 South Korea

data distribution management (DDM) is one of the High-level Architecture (HLA) services that reduce message traffic over the network. The major purpose of DDM is to filter and route the exchange of data between federates during a federation. However, this traffic reduction usually results in a significant computational overhead, which is caused by calculating the intersection between update regions and subscription regions in a matching process. To reduce the computational overhead for the matching process, this paper proposes a binary partition-based matching algorithm for DDM in a HLA-based distributed simulation. The new matching algorithm is fundamentally based on a divide-and-conquer approach. The proposed algorithm recursively performs binary partitioning that divides the regions into two partitions that entirely cover those regions. This approach promises low computational overhead, since it does not require unnecessary comparisons within regions in different partitions. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs the existing DDM-matching algorithms better and improves the scalability of the DDM.

关键词： data distribution management High-level Architecture Runtime Infrastructure large-scale High-level Architecture-based distributed simulation matching algorithm binary partition scalability

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Design and development of data distribution management environment

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SIMULATION 2001年第1-2期77卷 39-52页

作者： Lee, JS Zeigler, BP Venkatesan, SM Univ Arizona ECE Dept Arizona Ctr Integrat Modeling & Simulat Tucson AZ 85721 USA Lockheed Martin Space Syst Adv Simulat Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94088 USA

This paper describes the design and development of the DEVS/GDDM environment, a layered simulation environment that supports data distribution management and allows us to study space-based quantization schemes. These schemes aim to achieve effective reduction of data communication in distributed simulation. After a brief review of the space-based quantization scheme and an HLA-Interface environment, we discuss the design issues of the DEVS/GDDM environment. We analyze system performance and scalability of the space-based quantization scheme, especially with predictive and multiplexing extensions, and empirical results for a ballistic missiles simulation executing on the DEVS/GDDM environment on NT networking platforms. The results indicate the DEVS/GDDM environment is very effective and scalable due to reduced local computation demands and extremely favorable communication data reduction.

关键词： data distribution management DEVS/GDDM environment spaced-based quantization scalable distributed simulation

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A parallel matching algorithm based on order relation for HLA data distribution management

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2015年第2期6卷 1-15页

作者： Yanbing Liu Hongbo Sun Wenhui Fan Tianyuan Xiao Department of Automation Tsinghua University BeijingP.R.China

In distribution simulation based on High-level architecture(HLA),data distribution management(DDM)is one of HLA services for the purpose of filtering the unnecessary data transferring over the *** admits the sending federates and the receiving federates to express their interest using update regions and subscription regions in a multidimensional routing *** are several matching algorithms to obtain overlap information between the update regions and subscription *** the number of regions increase sharply,the matching process is time ***,the existing algorithms is hard to be parallelized to take advantage of the computing capabilities of multi-core *** reduce the computational overhead of region matching,we propose a parallel algorithm based on order relation to accelerate the matching *** new matching algorithm adopts divide-and-conquer approach to divide the regions into multiple region bound sublists,each of which comprises parts of region *** calculate the intersection inside and amongst the region bound sublists,two matching rules are *** approach has good performance since it performs region matching on the sublists parallel and does not require unnecessary comparisons within regions in different *** analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm and experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm has better performance than major existing DDM matching algorithms.

关键词： High-level architecture data distribution management matching algorithm

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Comparing high level architecture data distribution management specifications 1.3 and 1516

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SIMULATION PRACTICE AND THEORY 2002年第3-5期9卷 95-119页

作者： Petty, MD Old Dominion Univ Coll Engn & Technol Virginia Modeling Anal & Simulat Ctr Suffolk VA 23435 USA

The high level architecture (HLA) is a standard for federations of distributed simulations that exchange run-time data. HLA's data distribution management (DDM) services reduce data delivered to simulations based on their declarations of data produced and required. The HLA specifications, including DDM, were changed substantially from the Department of Defense 1.3 standard to the IEEE 1516 standard. The two DDM specifications' (DDM 1.3 and DDM 1516) power to define intersimulation data flows are compared. A transformation from DDM 1.3 to DDM 1516 configurations and a mapping from DDM 1516 to DDM 1.3 configurations prove that the DDM specifications are equivalently powerful. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： high level architecture data distribution management IEEE 1516

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Multicast grouping for data distribution management

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SIMULATION PRACTICE AND THEORY 2002年第3-5期9卷 121-141页

作者： Morse, KL Zyda, M Sci Applicat Int Corp San Diego CA 92121 USA USN Postgrad Sch MOVES Acad Grp Monterey CA 93943 USA

The High Level Architecture's (HLA) data distribution management (DDM) services are the most recent in a succession of systems designed to reduce the amount of data received by individual simulations in large-scale distributed simulations. A common optimization in these interest management systems is the use of multicast groups for sending data to a selected subset of all potential receivers. The use of multicast has met with considerable success in this application. However, its use to date has relied on a priori knowledge of communication patterns between simulations and static assignment of multicast groups to these patterns. As larger, more complex, and less predictable simulations are built, the need has arisen for more efficient use of multicast groups as they are a restricted resource [3Com Corporation, Scaling Performance and Managing Growth with the CoreBuilder 3500 Layer 3 Switch (available at http://***/products/dsheets/***) lists a limit of 6 K, the highest number identified while Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) (D. Van Hook, RITN IM and IM history, personal communication, January 1996) had a hardware limit of approximately 1000. A typical workstation network interface card has only a few (H. Abrams, Extensible interest management for scalable persistent distributed virtual environments, Ph.D. Dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999)]. This paper presents two algorithms for performing grouping, and the message delivery time improvements resulting from applying the algorithms to selected data sets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HLA data distribution management multicast RTI

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Performance Analysis of Parallel data distribution management in Large-scale Battlefield Simulation 3

Performance Analysis of Parallel Data Distribution Managemen...

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3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT)

作者： Rao, Dehu Hu, Xiaofeng Wu, Lin Natl Def Univ Beijing 100091 Peoples R China Navy Univ Engineer Wuhan 430033 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479905614

There are so many operational entities in large-scale battlefield simulation. Entities may interact with each other in a real-time and frequent manner, which may restrain the performance of the simulation system. From researches in recent decades, it can be concluded that the data distribution management (DDM) is an effective solution for this issue. Although the main focus for realizing DDM is Pub/Sub paradigm, recent literatures has implied that the serial realization of various DDM algorithms has encountered the performance bottleneck. The development of computer microprocessors is making progress from multi-core to many-core, so developing the parallel processing capabilities for DDM in multi-processors platform is the most effective approach to promote runtime performance. Based on the analysis and comparison of region-based, fixed grid-based, dynamic grid based and hierarchical grid-based algorithm for region matching, the parallel algorithms for these methods are realized according to the matching task decomposing. The experiments results manifest that parallel algorithms can gain about 40% similar to 60% performance improvements and support the research of parallel simulation engine of wargame.

关键词： Large-scale Battlefield Simulation data distribution management Publish /Subscribe Region Matching Parallel Algorithm

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