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IoT Multimedia Sensors for Energy Efficiency and Security: A Review of QoS Aware and Methods in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WIRELESS INFORMATION NETWORKS 2022年第4期29卷 407-418页

作者： Matheen, M. A. Sundar, S. Vellore Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India

In this era of IoT, due to the fast Advancements in sensor technology and the availability of low-cost hardware, the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) has emerged. WMSNs are composed of resource constrained wireless nodes through which both the scalar data and multimedia data (i.e., audio, still images, and video) can be sensed and acquired from the environment. However, the resource constrained nature of multimedia sensing devices has made the WMSNs to face several challenges. To tackle these challenges, different authors developed different methods. In this paper, we have surveyed all such kind of methods. Initially we study about the basic architecture of multimedia senor node followed by characteristics and applications of WMSNs. Following that, we did a comprehensive survey of various methodologies, which we divided into three categories. Under the segregation, we have considered different aspects and segregated as data Security, QoS Aware methods, and Energy Aware methods.

关键词： IoT Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Audio and video data Energy proficiency Quality of service Security data encoding

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TOWARD A THEORY OF ENCODED data STRUCTURES AND data TRANSLATION

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER & INFORMATION SCIENCES 1976年第1期5卷 33-43页

作者： SHNEIDERMAN, B SHAPIRO, SC INDIANA UNIV DEPT COMP SCIBLOOMINGTONIN 47401

Several models of data base systems have distinguished levels of abstraction ranging from the high-level entity set model down to the low-level physical device level. This paper presents a model for describing data encodings, an intermediate level which focuses on the relationship among data items as demonstrated by contiguity or by pointer connections. Multiple data encodings for a file are shown and transformation functions that describe the translation between data encodings are discussed.

关键词： data base systems data description data encoding data translation

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MINIMAL STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS FOR BINARY RELATIONS

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INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS 1982年第2期14卷 63-66页

作者： LAGARIAS, JC SWARTWOUT, DE Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ 07974 U.S.A.

A considerable body of recent work exists on the problem of finding efficient data encodings, which are embeddings of logical data structures. These problems can frequently be formulated in graph-theoretic terms, in particular, as that of embedding a family of graphs called the guest graphs into another family called the host graphs, in which edges in a guest graph are supplanted by paths in a host graph. In this research, such a graph-theoretic problem is considered. The main result, Theorem A, gives a theoretical limit on the amount of data compression that can be accomplished by utilizing a certain kind of data structure. Moreover, the data compression achieved in the storage graph HG involves a penalty in the amount of time and space necessary to access information about the graph G. The difficulty of accessing information about the guest graph G stored in the host graph HG limits its practical usefulness. It is also noted that many of the relations actually stored in databases are sparse in that such a relation on a set V of cardinality n is made up only of O(n) edges.

关键词： data structures discrete mathematics data encoding graph embedding

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ALGORITHMS FOR MATRIX TRANSPOSITION ON BOOLEAN N-CUBE CONFIGURED ENSEMBLE ARCHITECTURES

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SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS 1988年第3期9卷 419-454页

作者： JOHNSSON, SL HO, CT THINKING MACHINE CORP CAMBRIDGEMA 02142 YALE UNIV DEPT COMP SCINEW HAVENCT 06520

In a multiprocessor with distributed storage the data structures have a significant impact on the communication complexity. In this paper we present a few algorithms for performing matrix transposition on a Boolean n-cube. One algorithm performs the transpose in a time proportional to the lower bound both with respect to communication start-ups and to element transfer times. We present algorithms for transposing a matrix embedded in the cube by a binary encoding, a binary-reflected Gray code encoding of rows and columns, or combinations of these two encodings. The transposition of a matrix when several matrix elements are identified to a node by consecutive or cyclic partitioning is also considered and lower bound algorithms given. Experimental data are provided for the Intel iPSC and the Connection Machine.

关键词： 65F30 68P99 68Q20 68Q25 matrix transpose Boolean cubes personalized communication routing data encoding

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Efficiency Limits for Value-Deviation-Bounded Approximate Communication

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IEEE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LETTERS 2015年第4期7卷 109-112页

作者： Stanley-Marbell, Phillip Rinard, Martin MIT Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Transferring data between integrated circuits accounts for a growing proportion of system power in wearable and mobile systems. The dynamic component of power dissipated in this data transfer can be reduced by reducing signal transitions. Techniques for reducing signal transitions on communication links have traditionally been targeted at parallel buses and can therefore not be applied when the transfer interfaces are serial buses. In this article, we address the issue of the best-case effectiveness of techniques to reduce signal transitions on serial buses, if these techniques also allow some error in the numeric interpretation of transmitted data. For many embedded applications, exchanging numeric accuracy for power reduction is a worthwhile tradeoff. We present a study of the efficiency of these value-deviation-bounded approximate serial data encoders (VDBS data encoders) and proofs of their properties. The bounds and proofs we present yield new insights into the best possible tradeoffs between dynamic power reduction and approximation error that can be achieved in practice. The insights are important regardless of whether actual practical VDBS data encoders are implemented in software or in hardware.

关键词： Approximate communication approximate computing bounds data encoding

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Investigation into Designing of Elderly Products Intending for the User's Behavior Experiencing 17th

Investigation into Designing of Elderly Products Intending f...

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7th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design (CCD) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International)

作者： Zhang, Ning Li, Yajun Zhou, Ming Zhang, Zhizheng Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Design Arts & Media Xuanwu Area Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783319209074;9783319209067

Body gestures are the key point affect the elderly daily life (ADL). Seidel, D., et al. [1] An innovative designing method based on user's behavior experience is proposed in order to improve the experiencing and to mine innovative points of elderly product design. Complete interactive processes between users and products are captured through penetrating into users living scenes. A Laundry Behavior Coding (LBC) system is proposed special for the elderly in China. Ethnography methods, behavior observation, oral presentation and in-depth interviews are also deployed. 20 participants (10 young and 10 elderly) participated the study focused on drum washing machine. A special Behavior Interaction Model (BIM) is established by extracting the behavior coding gap, which is obtained by comparing the coded sets of both the old and the young. Implicit demands are discovered in order to realize innovative designing of laundry machine for the old and to enhance users' experiences.

关键词： Elderly products Behavior experience data encoding Implicit demand Design innovation

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Energy-Efficient Bus encoding Techniques for Next-Generation PAM-4 DRAM Interfaces 40

Energy-Efficient Bus Encoding Techniques for Next-Generation...

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IEEE 40th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)

作者： Su, Youri Lee, Sanghun Song, Eunji Kim, Dongha Han, Jaeduk Kim, Hokeun Hanyang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665461863

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461863

In this paper, we introduce effective bus data encoding schemes for next-generation interfaces of DRAM with an analysis of their energy and lane efficiency characteristics. The Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation-4 (PAM-4) signaling technique has recently been adopted to memory interfaces due to their increased per-pin data-rate requirements. However, as the power consumption profile of PAM-4 symbols differs from that of NRZ symbols, the conventional Dynamic Bus Inversion (DBI) encoding fails to achieve an expected reduction of termination power. Therefore, this paper proposes data encoding schemes applicable to the PAM-4 memory links and compares their performances in terms of the termination energy with experimental results. We evaluate the proposed approaches by applying data encoding to DRAM memory access traces obtained from executing benchmarks on ARM/x86 ISA-based processors, including caches, simulated on the gem5 architecture simulator. The experimental results show that our advanced encoding algorithms enable us to achieve doubled data rate with minimal power consumption overhead.

关键词： DRAM PAM-4 DBI data encoding Energy efficiency

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A Secure Media Sharing using Encoded Integrated Dynamic Steganography Approach 3

A Secure Media Sharing using Encoded Integrated Dynamic Steg...

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International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (ICRITO) (Trends and Future Directions)

作者： Sharma, Poonam Kumar, Mukesh Technol Inst Text & Sci Dept Comp Engn Bhiwani India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479968961

Information sharing over the public domain is one of critical challenge. In this paper, a two stage model is discussed to perform adaptive information encoding and dynamic steganography approach. At first level of proposed model, the adaptive encoding approach is dictionary based approach that performs the cyclic shift to encode the textual or image information. At second level of proposed model, a dynamic frequency analysis approach is based on to identify the adaptive key areas over the image to hide the information. Once the adaptive pixels are identified, two-bit LSB is applied to perform the steganography. The paper is applied on sample imageset and the results show the effective information hiding with lesser MSE and higher PSNR values.

关键词： data encoding image encoding dynamic embedding PSNR MSE

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High-Density FeFET-based CAM Cell Design Via Multi-Dimensional encoding 23

High-Density FeFET-based CAM Cell Design Via Multi-Dimension...

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33rd Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)

作者： Noureddine, Hadi Bekdache, Omar Al Tawil, Mohamad Kanj, Rouwaida Chehab, Ali Fouda, Mohammed Eltawil, Ahmed Amer Univ Beirut ECE Dept Beirut Lebanon Rain Neuromorph Inc San Francisco CA 94063 USA King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701252

Content addressable memory is popular for data-centric applications due to its exceptional search parallelism capability. SRAM cells were initially used to implement CAM designs. Recent innovations proposed using compact nonvolatile memories instead. FeFETs emerged as a multi-level NVM device with promising potential and 2T FeFET CAM designs were studied. In this paper, a new potential is discussed for increasing the density efficiency of FeFET CAM architectures by adapting higher-dimensional encoding using 3T and 4T CAM designs. We propose a scalable greedy search algorithm for maximizing encoding capabilities. We compare the density, latency, accuracy, and energy consumption of our designs to standard 2T architecture demonstrating a 4x and 8x decrease in fail probability with up to 16% and 26.5% increase in memory density ( bits/unit-area) in the 3T and 4T designs respectively.

关键词： FeFET Analog Storage CAM In-memory-compute data encoding

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A Machine Learning-Driven Analysis of Phantom E911 Calls 4

A Machine Learning-Driven Analysis of Phantom E911 Calls

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ACM Workshop on Wireless Security and Machine Learning (WiseML)

作者： Hu, Yang Taki, Batoul Bajwa, Waheed U. Talasila, Manoop Mantan, Mukesh Aftab, Syed Anwar Rutgers State Univ Piscataway NJ 08854 USA AT&T Labs Bedminster NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392778

Phantom Enhanced 911 (E911) calls are automatically generated 2 second calls, are a serious concern on cellular networks, and consume critical resources. As networks become increasingly complex, detecting and troubleshooting the causes of phantom E911 calls is becoming increasingly difficult. In this paper machine learning (ML) tools are used to analyze anonymized call detail record data collected by a major US telecom network service provider. The data is carefully pre-processed and encoded using an efficient encoding method. Classification algorithms K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Trees (DTs) are then implemented to study correlations between device and network level features and a mobile device's ability to initiate phantom calls. Based on the results, this work also suggests certain policy changes for network operators that may decrease the high volume of phantom E911 calls or alleviate the pressure of phantom E911 calls on a cellular network.

关键词： data encoding Decision Tree Diagnosis Feature Engineering KNearest Neighbors Machine Learning Transductive Learning

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