False medications are a serious risk, threatening lives and undermining confidence. This research paper offers an innovative approach to fight counterfeiting and transform the transparency of the pharmaceutical supply...
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The recognition of datamatrix (DM) codes plays a crucial role in industrial production. Significant progress has been made with existing methods. However, for low-quality images with protrusions and interruptions on ...
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The recognition of datamatrix (DM) codes plays a crucial role in industrial production. Significant progress has been made with existing methods. However, for low-quality images with protrusions and interruptions on the L-shaped solid edge (finder pattern) and the dashed edge (timing pattern) of DM codes in industrial production environments, the recognition accuracy rate of existing methods sharply declines due to a lack of consideration for these interference issues. Therefore, ensuring recognition accuracy in the presence of these interference issues is a highly challenging task. To address such interference issues, unlike most existing methods focused on locating the L-shaped solid edge for DM code recognition, we in this paper propose a novel DM code recognition method based on locating the L-shaped dashed edge by incorporating the prior information of the center of the DM code. Specifically, we first use a deep learning-based object detection method to obtain the center of the DM code. Next, to enhance the accuracy of L-shaped dashed edge localization, we design a two-level screening strategy that combines the general constraints and central constraints. The central constraints fully exploit the prior information of the center of the DM code. Finally, we employ libdmtx to decode the content from the precise position image of the DM code. The image is generated by using the L-shaped dashed edge. Experimental results on various types of DM codedatasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods in terms of recognition accuracy rate and time consumption, thus holding significant practical value in an industrial production environment.
Critical or safety components have to be identified during maintenance especially if exposed to harsh conditions during the time of operation. Direct part marking (DPM) is a process to permanently mark parts with prod...
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Critical or safety components have to be identified during maintenance especially if exposed to harsh conditions during the time of operation. Direct part marking (DPM) is a process to permanently mark parts with product information such as serial numbers, part numbers, date codes and barcodes. An advanced machining technology is presented (vibration assisted face milling, VAFM), enabling the machining of data matrix codes (DMC) and similar shapes carrying inherent data into the components surface without any additional process step. The technology is based on a piezo-electrically driven milling tool. The dynamics of the tool enable a highly dynamic and controlled depth of cut variation during the cutting process while using process parameters applied in real-life industrial processes. As an example for safety components, the technology is demonstrated on TiAl6V4, one of the most important titanium alloys in the aerospace industry. The machined result is evaluated on the machining quality of the DMC data cells edges and the contrast.
Two-dimensional datamatrix (DM) barcode printed on a food-grade tracer to carry simulated identifying information about grain in a prospective grain traceability system was evaluated for its ruggedness on different f...
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Two-dimensional datamatrix (DM) barcode printed on a food-grade tracer to carry simulated identifying information about grain in a prospective grain traceability system was evaluated for its ruggedness on different formulations, coating materials, and order of coating and printing. The key factor in evaluating the tracers was their ability to be read with a code scanner after being removed from a batch of grain at any point in the grain supply chain. After printing, the tracers were measured for initial readability, subjected to ruggedness tests involving abrasion and impact and the effect of moisture conditioning, and measured for final readability. Fourteen treatments involving two tracer types (sugar-based and cellulose-based), two coating materials (edible shellac and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or HPMC), and four coat print procedures were considered. One particular treatment performed very well, whereas most others did not, having either low initial readability rates or low final readability rates after they were subjected to ruggedness testing. The treatment of interest consisted of cellulose-based tracers, printed in DM code with food-grade ink, and coated with HPMC after printing. Initial readability of this treatment averaged 98%, and final readability after ruggedness testing ranged from 89 to 99%, depending on the ruggedness test applied. These readability rates are considered acceptable for intended application. Since barcode printing on information-carrying tracers was an essential part of requirements for implementing the proposed grain traceability system, most major tracing system and technological components are now available in prototype form for the next phase of research and development for practical application of the system in the grain supply chain. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper deals with the decoding of a new 2D-barcode that is based on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes and data matrix codes (DMC). To include typical damages that occur in industrial environment we chose a Mar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642357541
This paper deals with the decoding of a new 2D-barcode that is based on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes and data matrix codes (DMC). To include typical damages that occur in industrial environment we chose a Markov-modulated Gaussian-channel (MMGC) model to represent everything in between the embossing and the camera-based acquisition of a LDPC-based DMC. For the decoding of LDPC codes with a MMGC the performance of Estimation-Decoding (ED), that adds a Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM) to the standard Belief-Propagate (BP)-decoder, is analyzed. We prove the advantage of ED in combination with a reestimation of the HMM's transition probabilities. With respect to our application a decoding algorithm called ED2D-algorithm is developed that includes ED, a 2-dimensional HMM (2D-HMM) and a reestimation of the 2D-HMM's transition probabilities. In a following evaluation the results of the ED-performance analysis are confirmed and a superior decoding behavior of our LDPC-based DMC decoded with the ED2D-decoder compared to the original Reed-Solomon-based version is shown.
Due to the drastic increase in the field of product imitation and the request for plagiarism protection, there is a high interest in new protection methods providing new security features. Invisible laser markings wit...
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Due to the drastic increase in the field of product imitation and the request for plagiarism protection, there is a high interest in new protection methods providing new security features. Invisible laser markings within or below paint layers embrace these requirements, as they can be detected and decoded using an IR-reflection technique in conjunction with a focal plane array camera. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Counterfeiting and product piracy continues to be an important issue not only for the Western industry, but also for the society in general. Due to the drastic increase in product imitation and the request for plagiar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081944460X
Counterfeiting and product piracy continues to be an important issue not only for the Western industry, but also for the society in general. Due to the drastic increase in product imitation and the request for plagiarism protection as well as for reducing thefts there is a high interest in new protection methods providing new security features. The method presented here consists of security markings which are included below paint layers. These markings are invisible for the human eye due to the non-transparency of the upper layers in the visible spectral range. However, the markings can be detected by an infrared technique taking advantage on the partial transparency of the upper paint layers in the IR-region. Metal sheets are marked using laser radiation. The beam of a Nd:YAG-laser (lambda=1064 nm) provides a modification of the surface structure, resulting in dark markings due to the annealing effect. After coating of the laser-marked material, the markings are invisible for the bare eye. In order to read out the invisible information below the coating, an infrared reflection technique is used. The samples are illuminated with halogen lamps or infrared radiators. Many coating materials (i.e. paints) show a certain transparency in the mid-infrared region, especially between 3-5 mum. The reflected radiation is detected using an IR-camera with a sensitivity range from 3.4-5 mum. Due to the different reflection properties between the markings and their surrounding, the information can be detected.
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