SummaryA computer data‐processing system in the chemical pathology laboratories of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital was described recently. This has now been extended to include the haema...
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SummaryA computer data‐processing system in the chemical pathology laboratories of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital was described recently. This has now been extended to include the haematology laboratory. In the main, the original‘Phoenix’programs were adaptable to the new subject, but two major new programs were required, one to deal with automated blood counting by the Coulter S and one to accept film examination results on‐line. The programs and procedures have been thoroughly tested and in routine use since 1977. The results have fully justified their intro
This paper examines the growing interest in data processing of medical data, exploring problems of machine design, problem formulation, and analysis. In addition, it discusses data-processing systems in relation to fo...
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This paper examines the growing interest in data processing of medical data, exploring problems of machine design, problem formulation, and analysis. In addition, it discusses data-processing systems in relation to four basic medical-data-handling problem areas and their relation and interaction with equipment design, and reports that these problem areas are: clinical patient data, basic research, diagnosis, and medical-document retrieval. It also reports that any failure of the computer, at the present time, to provide required information is due to inability to feed it precise instructions on what it should do, and that results of further study will be reflected in improved equipment design. Finally, it concludes that the greatest problem is that of education-the necessity for engineers to understand medical problems better in order to design better equipment, and the necessity for the physician to know about the techniques and equipment of data processing.
The data processing mode is vital to the performance of an entire coalmine gas early-warning system, especially in real-time performance. Our objective was to present the structural features of coalmine gas data, so t...
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The data processing mode is vital to the performance of an entire coalmine gas early-warning system, especially in real-time performance. Our objective was to present the structural features of coalmine gas data, so that the data could be processed at different priority levels in C language. Two different data processing models, one with priority and the other without priority, were built based on queuing theory. Their theoretical formulas were determined via a M/M/I model in order to calculate average occupation time of each measuring point in an early-warning program. We validated the model with the gas early-warning system of the Huaibei Coalmine Group Corp. The results indicate that the average occupation time for gas data processing by using the queuing system model with priority is nearly 1/30 of that of the model without priority.
This brief survey of integrated and electronic data processing has touched on such matters as the origin of the concepts, their use in business, machines that are available, indexing problems, and, finally, some scien...
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This brief survey of integrated and electronic data processing has touched on such matters as the origin of the concepts, their use in business, machines that are available, indexing problems, and, finally, some scientific uses that surely foreshadow further development. The purpose of this has been to present for the consideration of scientists a point of view and some techniques which have had a phenomenal growth in the business world and to suggest that these are worth consideration in scientific data-handling problems (30). To close, let me quote from William Bamert on the experience of the C. and O. Railroad once more (8, p. 121): "Frankly, we have been asked whether we weren't planning for Utopia-the implication being that everyone except starry-eyed visionaries knows that Utopia is unattainable. Our answer is that of course we are! Has anyone yet discovered a better way to begin program planning of this nature? Our feeling is that compromise comes early enough in the normal order of things."
A methodology for the design of complex logic VLSI circuits is presented. The target application is described by an algorithm from which the structures of the control section and the data processing section of the int...
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A methodology for the design of complex logic VLSI circuits is presented. The target application is described by an algorithm from which the structures of the control section and the data processing section of the integrated circuit are inferred. The architectural aspects are discussed and a model is proposed. A set of functional cells is then presented which implements the data section.
This paper is a collection of six papers describing recent developments in automated detection and identification of teleseismic earthquakes and explosions in a seismic noise background. The first paper evaluates the ...
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This paper is a collection of six papers describing recent developments in automated detection and identification of teleseismic earthquakes and explosions in a seismic noise background. The first paper evaluates the assumption that the outputs of seismometer arrays can be added since the signals will reinforce while the noise is cancelled. Signal and noise correlations vs. distance and frequency are presented for an array of 1600 km in extent. The second paper describes a method utilizing orthogonal expansions of the Kautz type in an effort to determine spectral and temporal differences between both types of signals and noise. Theory and measurements indicate that the seismic noise background is largely composed of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves. The third paper describes a thermal equilibrium analogy to estimate the noise energies in each mode to account for the observed depth and frequency behavior. The use of multiple and partial coherence functions for resolving noise backgrounds into their propagation components is described in the fourth paper. Compressional, shear, and surface wave components of signals can be separated from seismic noise backgrounds by recognizing their differing polarization properties, as shown in the fifth paper. The source mechanisms can theoretically be identified from their radiation patterns provided instrument and travel path distortions are removed. A final paper describes this theory and how these various methods of detecting and isolating the signals can be integrated into an automated signal analysis system.
The availabilities of large-scale, high speed computers has made possible the use of ″Correlator Arrays″ of antennas for radio astronomy, capable of accurate mapping of discrete cosmic sources of radio emission. Ang...
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The availabilities of large-scale, high speed computers has made possible the use of ″Correlator Arrays″ of antennas for radio astronomy, capable of accurate mapping of discrete cosmic sources of radio emission. Angular resolutions of 0. 1 arcsecond are possible with arrays interconnected by wave-guides or microwave links, and resolutions approaching 10** minus **4 arcseconds have been achieved with Very-Long-Baseline arrays interconnected by means of magnetic tape recordings. Such an array measures the Fourier transform, that is, the spatial frequency spectrum, of the cosmic brightness distribution. As the arrays are often very sparsely populated with antennas and as the phases of the Fourier components are often not available, sophisticated data-processing construct cosmic source maps.
Information about the use of data processing systems in prehospital emergency medicine were collected, using a questionnaire sent to ail German rescue helicopter bases. Twenty-seven of the 42 German rescue helicopter ...
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Information about the use of data processing systems in prehospital emergency medicine were collected, using a questionnaire sent to ail German rescue helicopter bases. Twenty-seven of the 42 German rescue helicopter bases returned the questionnaire. At present, only 15 of them take advantage of electronic data processing. All of them enter their data manually by keyboard, automatic data transfer by means of a bar code reader is available at one base only. The stored data are used for statistical analysis (n = 15), quality assessment (n = 10), administration (n = 10), research (n = 9) and education (n = 7). Based on the data of this survey, one fifth of those who replied use their computer only for administrative purposes, the other also manage patient and mission data with their computer systems. Today, documentation of a rescue mission consists of patient data, vital data, mission data and information about the procedures carried out. The use of a computer system, however, requires more time and work than a handwritten record, when most of the data have to be entered manually using a keyboard. Future developments may include automated data transfer and digitization of handwritten documents to decrease the workload of the staff. For the automation of data transfer, configuration and synchronisation a standardized interface in all medical devices is required. There is a clear need for the use of data processing systems in emergency medicine.
This paper discusses individual liability in data processing management, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, a federal law which may apply outside the USA, and general legal standards. The concept of reasonableness, an...
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This paper discusses individual liability in data processing management, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, a federal law which may apply outside the USA, and general legal standards. The concept of reasonableness, and the way it can be demonstrated by contingency planning and computer systems security, is outlined. Ultimate ownership in software development contracts is also briefly discussed.
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