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Optimization of the magnetic field in the SK1000 central region model magnet

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第12期19卷 P12023页

作者： Wang, J. Yao, Q. G. Dou, G. L. Lyu, M. B. Zhao, L. X. Zhang, X. Wei, Z. Sun, L. T. Zhao, H. W. Lanzhou Univ LZU Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys IMP Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci UCAS Beijing 100000 Peoples R China Gansu Isotope Lab Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

This study presents a design scheme for a central region model magnet, based on a high-intensity compact cyclotron. The objective is to ensure the long-term stable production of therapeutic radionuclides such as 211At and 225Ac, while maintaining reasonable construction and operational costs. In-depth research into the design principles and core parameters of the CRM (Central Region Model) cyclotron magnet system, guided by the concept of isochronous magnetic field design, enabled the optimization of the magnet's dimensions and magnetic field distribution. The optimization results show that the magnet system meets the acceleration and focusing requirements of the particle beam, effectively prevents particles from entering dangerous resonance regions, and aligns with the theoretical requirements of isochronous magnetic fields. This method keeps the error between the calculated magnetic field and the theoretical design field within 5 Gauss, meeting the expected physical design standards.

关键词： Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics single-particle dynamics) data processing methods Acceleration cavities and superconducting magnets (high-temperature superconductor radiation hardened magnets normal-conducting permanent magnet devices wigglers and undulators)

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Minimizing inconsistencies in gray values in small field-of-view dental computed tomography by modulating reconstruction filter intensity: simulation study

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第12期19卷

作者： Kim, Woosung Shim, Jiyong Jeon, Duhee Lim, Younghwan Lee, Soohyun Kim, Kyuseok Park, Chulkyu Cho, Hyosung Yonsei Univ Dept Radiat Convergence Engn Wonju South Korea Eulji Univ Dept Biomed Engn Seongnam South Korea Vatech Co R&D Ctr Hwaseong South Korea

Small field-of-view (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which employs low-cost, small-area flat-panel detectors, is often used in dental CT where only a limited volume of an examined object is reconstructed using the standard filtered-backprojection algorithm. However, when examining with a small FOV, the surrounding structures located outside the FOV exacerbate the inhomogeneity of the inherent distribution of gray values (GVs) in the reconstructed CBCT volume. To address this issue, this study presents an effective method to minimize the inconsistencies in GVs in small FOV CBCT images by modulating reconstruction filter (ramp filter) intensity. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, a feasibility study was conducted via a simulation using three-dimensional numerical mouth phantoms without metal insert and with metal inserts as highly attenuating dental materials. The mean GVs of the innermost FOV without correction were 60.3 and 63.1 for the cases of no metal and two metal inserts, respectively, which were approximately 7.8% and 6.5% greater than those of the corresponding reference FOVs. In contrast, the mean GVs with correction for all target FOVs were very close (<0.1%) to that of the reference FOV, indicating the efficacy of the proposed method. Consequently, small FOV dental CT images with good homogeneity of the GV distribution were successfully obtained using the proposed method, which is critical, particularly for assessing bone density in dental implantation surgery plan.

关键词： data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software Dental computed tomography Small field of view Exomass effect Gray value Ramp filter

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Method for the determination of electron density from multi-energy X-ray CT

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NDT & E INTERNATIONAL 2024年 145卷

作者： Jumanazarov, Doniyor Alimova, Asalkhon Ismoilov, Shukurulloh Kh. Atamurotov, Farruh Abdikarimov, Azamat Olsen, Ulrik L. Urgench State Univ Dept Phys Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Tashkent Univ Informat Technol Urgench Branch Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Tech Univ Denmark DTU Phys DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Tashkent State Tech Univ Tashkent 100095 Uzbekistan Beshta Community Vocat Sch 3 Khazorasp 220707 Uzbekistan Oybek community Tolqin FM innovats Sch A Navoiy st 355 Khazorasp 220702 Uzbekistan Inha Univ Tashkent Ziyolilar 9 Tashkent 100170 Uzbekistan Univ Tashkent Appl Sci Str Gavhar 1 Tashkent 100149 Uzbekistan Natl Univ Uzbekistan 100174 Tashkent Uzbekistan

We propose a method for estimation of material's electron density parameter (p(e)) using multi-energy xray Computed Tomography (CT). Multi-energy CT uses a photon counting detector (PCD) to measure a material's linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at multiple energies with the simultaneous data acquisition. The physical effects in the PCD such as charge sharing and photon pileup result in spectral distortions of the energy spectrum. Corrects for such distortions are performed with a correction algorithm. A custom laboratory instrument for multi-energy CT is used to experimentally validate the method. The identification efficiency is evaluated for different numbers of energy channels. When using 15 energy channels without inter-gaps the method gives a relative deviation of 1.8% for estimation of p(e), for materials in the range of 0.43 <= p(e )<= 1 .06 e(-)mol/cm(3).

关键词： Multi-energy X-ray CT data processing methods Quantitative X-ray characterization Photon counting detectors Security screening

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DEDALO: Device for Enhanced Dust Analyses with Light Obscuration sensors

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第4期19卷 P04035页

作者： Teruzzi, L. Cremonesi, L. Potenza, M. A. C. Univ Milan Dept Phys Via G Celoria 16 I-20133 Milan Italy Univ Milan CIMaINa Via G Celoria 16 I-20133 Milan Italy Univ Milano Bicocca Dept Earth & Environm Sci Piazza Sci 1 I-20126 Milan Italy

Instruments based on light obscuration sensors are widely used for measuring the size distribution of insoluble sub -visible particles in liquid suspensions, being fast and suitable for in situ and real-time measurements. Such instruments are typically calibrated by means of reference polystyrene spherical particles with a specific refractive index, which unavoidably leads to systematic errors when determining the size of particles of different materials. In this paper, we propose a reliable and consistent method to overcome this limitation by setting the refractive index value according to the sample, thus achieving an improved particle size distribution (PSD) measurement. An ad hoc, ready -to -use, open source code with a graphical interface able to drive an in -line instrument and obtain a real-time correction to the PSD has been developed. The method has been extensively validated with several oil emulsions characterized by different refractive index values and the results have been compared with an independent optical method. As an example of application, we have adopted this approach for the analysis of dust suspended in meltwater of an ice core from a glacier in the Aosta Valley (Italy). We believe that our approach will strongly improve the accuracy in characterizing liquid suspensions and reduce discrepancies between data obtained with different methods.

关键词： data processing methods Optical detector readout concepts Optical sensory systems

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Determination of the optimal number of detectors for the multiangle wire beam scanning method

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第9期19卷 C09002页

作者： Banshchikova, M. Bulavskaya, A. Grigorieva, A. Miloichikova, I. Stuchebrov, S. Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ 30 Lenin Ave Tomsk 634050 Russia Russian Acad Sci Tomsk Natl Res Med Ctr Canc Res Inst 5 Kooperativny St Tomsk 634050 Russia

The implementation of control over the characteristics of the beam is an important stage in the conduct of experiments within the field of accelerator physics. The multiangle scanning method based on the reconstruction of the electron beam profile image from projection data can be used to determine the distribution of beam intensities in the transverse plane. In order to reduce the time required for measurement, it is proposed that a set of detecting elements be used in place of a single detecting element when employing this method. This work presents a scheme for optimized data collection using the multiangle scanning method and evaluates the applicability of the modernized approach. For this, a numerical experiment was conducted to determine the beam profile using different numbers of detecting elements. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of multiple detecting elements for the implementation of the multiangle scanning method reduces the measurement time and ensures high quality of the reconstructed beam profile images. It was demonstrated that the minimum number of detecting elements necessary to ascertain a specific beam profile is ten.

关键词： data processing methods Dosimetry concepts and apparatus Instruments for environmental monitoring, food control and medical use

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Removing grid artifacts from a two-dimensional crisscrossed grid in cone-beam computed tomography to enhance image quality

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第3期19卷 C03037页

作者： Jeon, Duhee Kim, Woosung Cho, Hyosung Park, Myeongkyu Yonsei Univ Dept Radiat Convergence Engn 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 26493 South Korea JPI Healthcare Co R&D Ctr Seonggok Ro 22 Ansan 15424 South Korea

One-dimensional linear X-ray grids are typically used in clinical practice to reduce the number of scattered X-rays reaching the detector surface, thus improving image contrast in radiography. However, such grids can only remove scattered X-rays in one direction. Additionally, the primary challenge in using X-ray grids in digital radiography is the presence of grid artifacts, such as grid strip shadows and moire, which can reduce image quality. To overcome these difficulties, in this study, we developed a prototype two-dimensional (2D) crisscrossed grid with a strip density of 1.724 lines/mm by adopting a high -precision sawing process to further improve its scatter radiation removal ability and implemented it in a cone -beam computed tomography (CBCT) system to enhance image quality. We propose a new software -based method called the grid artifact reduction (GAR) algorithm to efficiently eliminate grid artifacts of a 2D grid in CBCT. The GAR algorithm involves three main steps: 1) preprocessing for flat -field compensation, 2) postprocessing for GAR, and 3) CBCT reconstruction. To verify the efficacy of the proposed approach, we conducted an experiment on a CT quality control phantom (Pro -CT MK IITM) and quantitatively evaluated the CBCT image quality using the contrast -to -noise ratio (CNR) and Hounsfield unit (HU) accuracy error. The CNR value measured in the CBCT image obtained using the 2D grid and proposed GAR algorithm was 3.22, which is approximately 4.4 times of the value obtained without GAR. Furthermore, the corresponding HU accuracy error was 30.47, an improvement of approximately 1.3 times. These results indicate that the proposed approach is highly efficient in eliminating scattered X-rays, thereby improving the quality of CBCT images. Consequently, high -quality CBCT images were obtained using the proposed approach (i.e., using a 2D crisscrossed grid in CBCT and the proposed GAR algorithm).

关键词： Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms computer-aided software

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A decomposition algorithm for streak camera data

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第4期19卷 P04005页

作者： Oguzhan, Kaan Ranc, Lucas Verra, Livio Caldwell, Allen Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys Munich Germany CERN Geneva Switzerland INFN Lab Nazl Frascati Frascati Italy

We describe a novel reconstruction algorithm for time -resolved images obtained using a streak camera. This algorithm operates by decomposing a recorded image into a set of individual photoelectron -induced signals, thereby providing a powerful method for streak camera image reconstruction. This deconstruction allows for a standard statistical analysis of the resulting image. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by analyzing the temporal spacing between the emitted fs-long laser pulse and its succeeding first, second, and third reflections within a thick glass captured by a streak image.

关键词： data processing methods Analysis and statistical methods Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors beam-intensity monitors bunch length monitors)

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R&D of the cluster finding algorithm for CMS iRPC detector

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第12期19卷 T12001-T12001页

作者： Hou, Q. Liu, Z. -A. Zhao, J. Diao, W. Song, J. Cao, P. Kou, H. Gong, W. Wang, N. Amarilo, K. Mota Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Alves, G. Coelho, E. A. Marujo, F. Ferreira Filho, M. Barroso Da Costa, E. M. Damiao, D. De Jesus Ferreira, B. C. De Souza, S. Fonseca De Souza, R. Gomes Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J. P. Santoro, A. Thiel, M. Aleksandrov, A. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Shopova, M. Soultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Qian, S. J. Avila, C. Barbosa, D. Cabrera, A. Florez, A. Vega, J. Reyes Assran, Y. Crotty, I. Mahmoud, M. A. Aly, R. Balleyguier, L. Chen, X. Combaret, C. Galbit, G. Gouzevitch, M. Grenier, G. Laktineh, I. Luciol, A. Mirabito, L. Tromeur, W. Bagaturia, I. Kemularia, O. Lomidze, I. Tsamalaidze, Z. Amoozegar, V. Boghrati, B. Ebrahimi, M. Esafndi, F. Hosseini, Y. Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Zareian, E. Abbrescia, M. De Filippis, N. Iaselli, G. Loddo, F. Pugliese, G. Ramos, D. Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Meola, S. Piccolo, D. Buontempo, S. Carnevali, F. Lista, L. Paolucci, P. Braghieri, A. Salvini, P. Montagna, P. Riccardi, C. Vitulo, P. Asilar, E. Kim, T. J. Ryou, Y. Choi, S. Y. Hong, B. Lee, K. S. Goh, J. Lee, Y. Pedraza, I. Estrada, C. Uribe Castilla-Valdez, H. Fernandez, R. L. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Ramirez-Garcia, M. Guadarrama, D. L. Ramirez Shah, M. A. Vazquez, E. Zaganidis, N. Radi, A. Ahmad, A. Asghar, I. Hoorani, H. Muhammad, S. Eysermans, J. Univ Ghent Dept Phys & Astron Proeftuinstr 86 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Phys Pl Laan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas R Dr Xavier Sigaud 150 BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro Inst Fis Dept Fis Nucl Altas Energias Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524 BR-20559900 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Bulgarian Acad Sci Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy Tzarigradsko Shaussee Blvd 72 BG-1784 Sofia Bulgaria Univ Sofia Fac Phys 5 James Bourchier Blvd BG-1164 Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci 19 Yuquan Rd Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Phys Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Univ Andes Carrera 118A-12 Bogota Colombia Acad Sci Res & Technol Egyptian Network High Energy Phys 101 Kasr El Einy St Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Dept Phys Fac Sci Cairo Egypt British Univ Egypt BUE Elsherouk City Suez Desert RdPOB 43 Cairo 11837 Egypt Fayoum Univ Ctr High Energy Phys CHEP FU Fac Sci Al Fayyum 63514 Egypt Helwan Univ Dept Phys Fac Sci Cairo 11795 Egypt Suez Univ Suez Cairo Rd Suez 43522 Egypt Univ Lyon Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Georgian Tech Univ 77 Kostava Str Tbilisi 0175 Ge IN2P3IP2I LyonUMR 5822 F-69622 Lyon France Georgian Tech Univ 77 Kostava Str Tbilisi 0175 Georgia Damghan Univ Sch Engn Damghan *** Iran Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM Sch Particles & Accelerators POB 19395-5531 Tehran Iran Sez Bari INFN Via Orabona 4 IT-70126 Bari Italy INFN Lab Nazionali Frascati LNF Via Enrico Fermi 40 IT-00044 Frascati Italy Sez Napoli Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo INFN Via Cintia IT-80126 Naples Italy Sez Pavia INFN Via Bassi 6 Pavia Italy Sez Pavia INFN Via Bassi 6 Pavia Italy Univ Pavia Via Bassi 6 Pavia Italy Hanyang Univ 222 Wangsimni RoSageun Dong Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Dept Phys 145 Anam Ro Seoul 02841 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ 26 Kyungheedae Ro

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment will undergo phase-II upgrade to enhance the capacity of detectors in the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider era. An important extension involves the installation of the Improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) in the most forward part of the endcap muon system. The iRPC detector addresses the efficiency drop experienced by the current CMS trigger system for single muon triggers in the high pseudorapidity region. It features a double-ended read-out method, allowing the determination of the hit position along the strip using the time difference between signals from both ends. This feature provides precise spatial information for clustering. To utilize this feature and integrate iRPC cluster information into the CMS trigger system, this paper proposes a 2-Dimensional (2D) cluster-finding algorithm. This algorithm provides the 2D coordinates to CMS trigger system, with each cluster being timestamped to reduce time ambiguity in endcap trajectory reconstruction. The proposed algorithm was implemented in the firmware of the iRPC Back-End Electronics and evaluated using a dedicated cosmic muon setup. The results show a position precision of 2.55 cm and an algorithm efficiency better than 99%, demonstrating the algorithm's potential to improve muon detection and trigger efficiency in the CMS endcap region.

关键词： Trigger algorithms data processing methods Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods

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A new method for calibrating sample-to-detector distance in small-angle X-ray scattering

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第11期19卷 P11024-P11024页

作者： Ji, Xiaolan Chen, Rongchao Liu, Jiahao Li, Xia Wu, Haijuan Wang, Yuanyang Dong, Lili Chen, Jiangang Li, Dongfeng Li, Zhihong Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol Coll Chem Engn & Technol Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Adv Light Source Res Ctr Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Chem Technol State Key Lab Chem Resource Engn Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Taiyuan Univ Technol State Key Lab Clean & Efficient Utilizat Coal Base Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Peoples R China Xingtai Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn Xingtai 054001 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Coal Chem Lab High Efficiency & Low Carbon Utilizat Coal Taiyuan 030001 Peoples R China

This study presents a new method for calibrating the sample-to-detector distance in Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Traditional methods, relying on diffraction peaks from standard samples, often suffer from poor stability and require curve fitting, resulting in limited accuracy and reproducibility. To address these issues, this study use Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3600 glassy carbon, developed by NIST, which provides stable and well-defined absolute scattering intensity without diffraction. By comparing the entire scattering curve with its theoretical counterpart, this method enhances the statistical accuracy, reproducibility, and overall stability of the calibration process.

关键词： Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) data processing methods Inspection with x-rays

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Ion beam stability prediction of ECR ion source based on TCN-DTW network

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第6期19卷 P06028页

作者： Wang, R. Qian, C. Sun, L. T. Guo, Y. H. Cao, Z. G. Hou, M. Y. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Beijing 101400 Peoples R China

The Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source is an irreplaceable apparatus producing high -intensity, highly charged heavy ion beams, representing a critical component for heavy ion accelerators. The operation of the ECR ion source is inherently influenced by various factors, leading to fluctuations in beam intensity. Such instability not only diminishes the efficacy of accelerator operations but also introduces distortions in terminal experimental data. Addressing these challenges, this study proposes the application of a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) based on a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) loss function (TCN-DTW) for predicting the stability of the ion beams. Prior constructing the prediction network, raw data undergoes preprocessing through an Interquartile Range (IQR) anomaly detection mechanism and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering algorithm with an adaptive window. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial enhancement in prediction performance when employing the TCN network with the DTW loss function compared to traditional alternatives. This approach facilitates effective forecasting of the ion source beam current trend, offering a basis for control and correction of long-term stability. Consequently, it provides valuable insights for optimizing the ECR ion source and enhancing overall accelerator operational performance.

关键词： Accelerator Applications Ion sources (positive ions negative ions electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) electron beam (EBIS)) data processing methods

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