After-death inventories are an invaluable source for historians of early modem Europe, with their trove of evidence being exploited for more applications all the time. They are fundamental to the emerging fields of th...
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After-death inventories are an invaluable source for historians of early modem Europe, with their trove of evidence being exploited for more applications all the time. They are fundamental to the emerging fields of the history of consumer culture, the arrangement of household space, the history of the so-called private life, and material life more generally. They also contribute to our understanding of the distribution of wealth and patterns of wealth holding. The author documents a data-collection project based on over one thousand after-death inventories drawn up by the Municipal Orphanage in Amsterdam between the 1740s and 1780s. Given the wide patronage of this institution among the citizen working poor and middling shopkeepers, and the gender-neutral rules for inclusion, this collection of inventories represents an unusually broad sample along three different axes: gender, marital status, and household wealth. The source is described and the data files documented so that they may be used by scholars widely.
Archaeologists dealing with large faunal samples have all faced the problem of recording and retrieving masses of data regarding animal bones. This paper presents a comprehensive computer coding system for all vertebr...
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A number of problems were found by the authors with the National Research Council's 1995 report, 'Research Doctorate Programs in the United States, Continuity and Change.'.
A number of problems were found by the authors with the National Research Council's 1995 report, 'Research Doctorate Programs in the United States, Continuity and Change.'.
In this paper, an image compression method based on a weight model was proposed, which allows one to estimate the significance of the detailing coefficients of the orthogonal multiple-scale wavelet transform in terms ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510644250
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510644250
In this paper, an image compression method based on a weight model was proposed, which allows one to estimate the significance of the detailing coefficients of the orthogonal multiple-scale wavelet transform in terms of their contribution to the total image energy. The method presupposes the decomposition of the original image into a given number of levels, construction of significance maps for the detailing coefficients of each level, and coding of the significant coefficients. The software implementation of the proposed method in a high-level language is described, which made it possible to reduce the volume of standard test halftone images by at least six times.
Researchers who have completed a study need to transfer their data from individual patient research files to a mastersheet. This article is a beginner's guide to creating data spreadsheets that can be shared with ...
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Researchers who have completed a study need to transfer their data from individual patient research files to a mastersheet. This article is a beginner's guide to creating data spreadsheets that can be shared with others and imported into statistical programs. The article discusses choice of spreadsheet software, use of separate worksheets for main data and granular data, use of columns for variables and rows for patient data, codingdata, entry of data into cells in the worksheets, and other matters.
over replication is comparable in many respects to controversy among policy analysts about the ends and means of regulation. Proponents of replication seek to provide the collective good of free-flowing information an...
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over replication is comparable in many respects to controversy among policy analysts about the ends and means of regulation. Proponents of replication seek to provide the collective good of free-flowing information and to sanction the negative externality of sloppy scholarship. Similarly, opponents of replication claim property rights in the data and variables they have created through hard work and ingenuity. As with disputes over regulatory policy, the fundamental sticking point is whether the benefits of mandatory replication to the community of political scientists outweigh the costs of compliance to individuals.
The Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP) provides the only time series of estimated party policy positions in political science and has been extensively used in a wide variety of applications. Recent work (e.g., Benoit...
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The Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP) provides the only time series of estimated party policy positions in political science and has been extensively used in a wide variety of applications. Recent work (e.g., Benoit, Laver, and Mikhaylov 2009;Klingemann et al. 2006) focuses on nonsystematic sources of error in these estimates that arise from the text generation process. Our concern here, by contrast, is with error that arises during the text coding process since nearly all manifestos are coded only once by a single coder. First, we discuss reliability and misclassification in the context of hand-coded content analysis methods. Second, we report results of a coding experiment that used trained human coders to code sample manifestos provided by the CMP, allowing us to estimate the reliability of both coders and coding categories. Third, we compare our test codings to the published CMP "gold standard" codings of the test documents to assess accuracy and produce empirical estimates of a misclassification matrix for each coding category. Finally, we demonstrate the effect of coding misclassification on the CMP's most widely used index, its left-right scale. Our findings indicate that misclassification is a serious and systemic problem with the current CMP data set and coding process, suggesting the CMP scheme should be significantly simplified to address reliability issues.
The checking survey in Open mine is one of the most frequent and important *** plays the role of forming a connecting link between open mine planning and pro- *** checking method has such disadvantages as long time co...
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The checking survey in Open mine is one of the most frequent and important *** plays the role of forming a connecting link between open mine planning and pro- *** checking method has such disadvantages as long time consumption, heavy workload,complicated calculating process,and lower *** GPS and GIS technologies to systematically study the core issues of checking survey in open mine. A detail GPS data acquisition coding scheme was *** on the scheme an algorithm used for computer semiautomatic cartography was *** methods used for eliminating gross errors from raw data which were needed for creating DEM was dis- *** algorithms were researched and realized which can be used to create open mine fine DEM model with constrained conditions and to dynamically update the model. The precision analysis and evaluation of the created model were carried out.
The need for a more flexible index for radiocarbon dates with shorter retrieval times has led to a suggestion for the development of an electronic or punch-card data retrieval system. A suggested format for coding rad...
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The need for a more flexible index for radiocarbon dates with shorter retrieval times has led to a suggestion for the development of an electronic or punch-card data retrieval system. A suggested format for coding radiocarbon data on punch cards and two techniques for the rapid retrieval of desired information are discussed.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the term "overkill" is used in the homicide literature to identify definitional issues that may interfere with reliable data coding across studies. This pr...
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the term "overkill" is used in the homicide literature to identify definitional issues that may interfere with reliable data coding across studies. This preliminary examination of the concept can guide future studies seeking to develop a standard definition. Design/methodology/approach To identify issues inherent in the term "overkill," three definitions - ranging from broad and unclear to more specific and objective - were extracted or adapted from the existing literature. Using closed, homicide case files, nine coders were tasked with coding for the presence of overkill according to one of the definitions across two rounds of coding. Definitional components that made the coding of overkill difficult were identified using a qualitative sorting task to separate items into themes that represented similar issues;basic inter-rater agreement patterns were examined using pairwise percent agreement. Findings Based on coder feedback, two problems were identified: conceptual issues with the definitions and logistical issues with coding. However, feedback also suggested that increasing the objectivity of the overkill definition led coders to feel the intended meaning of the term was lost. Two out of three groups showed an increase in coder agreement between the two phases of data collection, illustrating how increased training is useful in certain situations. Originality/value This study is the first in-depth methodological and empirical examination of how the term "overkill" has been operationalized in the literature, raises key questions that may help with more clearly coding this variable, and outlines issues that may add difficulty to the development of a standard definition.
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