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Cosmic muon tomography at the Wylfa reactor site utilising an anti-neutrino detector

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第2期18卷 P02024页

作者： Bridges, K. Coleman, J. Collins, R. Dasari, J. Holt, G. Metelko, C. Morgan, A. Murdoch, M. Schnellbach, Y. Tsurin, I. Mills, R. W. Ryan, M. Edwards, G. Roberts, A. Univ Liverpool Dept Phys Oliver Lodge Lab Oxford St Liverpool L69 3BX England Natl Nucl Lab Cent Lab Seascale CA20 1PG Cumbria England Wylfa Power Stn Gwynedd LL67 0DH Wales

An anti-neutrino detector (a prototype of VIDARR) was deployed at the Wylfa Magnox nuclear power station between 2014 and 2016. It was comprised of extruded plastic scintillating bars measuring 4 cm by 1 cm by 152 cm and utilised wavelength shifting fibres (WLS) and Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) to detect and quantify radiation. During deployment, the detector recorded cosmic muon events in accidental coincidence along with the anti-neutrino events. The cosmic muons produced in the upper atmosphere had their paths obscured by the power plant buildings as the cosmic muons originated behind the buildings. Cosmic muons have a significantly higher probability to be attenuated and/or absorbed by denser objects and so one-sided muographic methods were utilised to image the reactor site buildings. In order to achieve clear building outlines a control data set was taken at the University of Liverpool from 2016 to 2018 which had minimal occlusion of the cosmic muon flux by dense objects. By taking the ratio of these two data sets and using GEANT4 simulations it is possible to perform a one-sided cosmic muon tomography analysis. This analysis can be used to discern specific buildings, building heights, and features at the Wylfa reactor site including the reactor core/reactor core shielding using cosmic-ray events equivalent to that which would be seen in -3 hours of normal operation. This result demonstrates the feasibility of using cosmic muon analysis to determine a segmented detector's location with respect to surrounding buildings, assisted by aerial photography or satellite imagery.

关键词： data processing methods Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter interaction of photons with matter interaction of hadrons with matter etc) Particle tracking detectors Scintillators scintillation and light emission processes (solid gas and liquid scintillators)

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SiPM signal processing via multiple linear regression

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第7期18卷 P07010页

作者： Schmailzl, Wolfgang Piemonte, Claudio Garutti, Erika Hansch, Walter Bundeswehr Univ Munich Inst Phys Munich Germany Broadcom Inc Regensburg Germany Univ Hamburg Hamburg Germany

This paper presents a novel approach using multiple linear regression to process transient signals from silicon photomultipliers. The method provides excellent noise suppression and pulse detection in scenarios with a high pulse count rate and superimposed pulses. Insights into its implementation and benchmark results are presented. We also show how this approach can be used to automatically detect the pulse shape from a given transient signal, providing good detection for count rates up to 90 MHz. Experimental data are used to present an application where this algorithm improves charge spectrum resolution by an order of magnitude.

关键词： data processing methods Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state)

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Interferogram analysis of X-pinch plasmas with a synthetic dark-field Schlieren image

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第11期18卷 C11010-C11010页

作者： Bong, Seungmin Lee, Dong-Geun Ham, Seunggi Ryu, Jonghyeon Park, Sungbin Kim, Jung-Hwa Lee, Jongmin Choi, Yeonghwan Chung, Kyoung-Jae Hwang, Y. S. Ghima, Y. -c. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn Daejeon South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Nucl Engn Seoul South Korea

The Mach-Zehnder interferometer and dark-field Schlieren imaging systems are developed to diagnose high electron densities of the X-pinch plasmas. Interferogram analysis can be challenging due to stiff electron density gradients of the X-pinch plasmas. This stiff gradient results in complex fringe patterns which may lead to miscounted indices of the fringes, and even refraction losses. To address these challenges, the geometrical acceptance angle of the imaging system is increased to reduce the refraction losses caused by the X-pinch plasmas. This is achieved by using physically larger optics. Results show that the imaging systems can detect higher line-integrated electron densities. Additionally, to verify the reliability of interferogram analysis results, a synthetic dark-field Schlieren image generated based on the interferogram is qualitatively compared to the measured dark-field Schlieren image which is simultaneously taken with the interferogram. Practicality of the synthetic Schlieren images is examined by comparing them with the measured Schlieren images.

关键词： data processing methods Detector design and construction technologies and materials Plasma diagnostics-interferometry spectroscopy and imaging Pulsed power

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Clustering fusion algorithm for selection of historical beam steady-state transmission data in CAFe facility

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第10期18卷 P10013页

作者： Cao, Z. G. Guo, Y. H. Yang, X. H. Yana, C. M. Houa, M. Y. Northwest Normal Univ Coll Phys & Elect Engn Lanzhou 730070 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are promising technologies for nuclear waste transmutation and energy production. The China ADS Front-end Superconducting Demo Linac (CAFe) is a prototype of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), which aims to verify the feasibility of key technologies of CiADS. In this article, a novel method for historical data screening of the beam transport in the medium energy beam transport (MEBT) section of CAFe is presented. A clustering fusion algorithm based on unsupervised learning and beam transmission characteristics is designed to extract a large number of samples with the beam in steady-state transmission from historical beam data. A deep neural network model was constructed to fit the beam transport characteristics and verify the reliability of the screened data samples. The method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis and provide valuable insights for the optimization and control of beam transport in CAFe.

关键词： Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods data processing methods Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies

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An alternative SNR-based weighted-LSM algorithm to classify and measure the concentration of Biological Agents from Laser-Induced Fluorescence

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第5期18卷 C05004页

作者： Puleio, A. Martellucci, L. Rossi, R. Rutigliano, N. Wyss, I. Gaudio, P. Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Ind Engn Via Politecn 1 I-00133 Rome Italy

Optical spectroscopic techniques, such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) or Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), have already been used to study and detect Biological Agents (BAs). Unfortunately, BAs usually share similar-shaped emitted spectra and low-signal intensities, making their detection and classification difficult to assess. Least-Square Minimisation (LSM) based algorithms are usually deployed to measure the concentration of agents from spectra. Recently, it has been shown how the use of ad hoc weights can help in improving the performance of the concentration evaluation. More specifically, it has been observed that the "weight matrix" should be modelled as a function of the boundary conditions of the problem. This work proposes a new weight matrix that is based on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the measurements. The idea is based on the fact that more noisy data are less reliable and therefore weight should be lowered. The paper, after a brief introduction and review of the LSM applied to spectra, will show the new methodology. A systematic analysis of the new algorithm is done and the comparison with the other LSM algorithms is presented. The results clearly show that there is a range of parameters for which the new algorithm performs better.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Instruments for environmental monitoring food control and medical use Optical sensory systems

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An efficient digital pulse processing approach for identification of BGO and LSO scintillator crystals

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第3期18卷 P03036页

作者： El Tokhy, Mohamed S. Egyptian Atom Energy Author NRC Engn Dept Cairo Egypt

Identification and discrimination between BGO and LSO scintillators is a fundamental target for handling parallax error within positron emission tomography (PET) applications by depth of interaction. An approach is built for discrimination and identification of BGO and LSO scintillator crystals. This approach is tested using a simulated BGO and LSO pulses. A Matlab Simulink model is implemented for simulation and creation of BGO and LSO scintillation pulses. The simulated pulses depend on 22Na radiation source. The suggested approach has two different algorithms. The first algorithm uses both 1D-Walsh ordered fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (1WFWHT) and fast Chebyshev transform (FCHT) for extracting the features of crystal pulses. The optimum features are selected from 1WFWHT and FCHT using one of three optimization techniques that are binary dragonfly optimization (BDA), binary atom search optimization (BASO) and binary Harris Hawk optimization (BHHO). These optimized features are trained and tested using one of three based classifiers. These classifiers are Naive Bayes classifier (NBC), hierarchical prototype-based (HP) classifier and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classification. The ANFIS classifier achieves the best accuracy with all optimum (BASO, BDF and BHH) FCHT features. However, the NB classifier introduces the highest accuracy with all optimum (BASO, BDF and BHH) FWHT 1D features. The second algorithm uses the conventional neural network (CNN) for extracting the pulse features. Then, the deep neural network (DNN) is applied for training and testing of the captured pulses. The suggested algorithms are verified and compared in respect of statistical measures. The compared results confirm that the best accuracy and identification rate is accomplished using DNN algorithm. Besides, the DNN has better results compared to conventional classification techniques with optimum feature selection techniques in respect of time consumption. The proposed ap

关键词： data processing methods data reduction methods Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods Simulation methods and programs

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The fractional composition calculation of two-component mixtures using direct and scattered X-rays: a new methodology testing

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第1期18卷 P01042页

作者： [Anonymous] Novosibirsk Scientific and Technical Center LLC 20 Injenernaya str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Technical University 20 Prospekt K. Marksa Novosibirsk 630073 Russia Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Tomsk State University 36 Lenin Ave. Tomsk 634050 Russia Novosibirsk Scientific and Technical Center LLC 20 Injenernaya str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia JSC FCS&HT SNPO Eleron 14 Gen. Belova str. Moscow 115563 Russia ROSATOM 24 Bolshaya Ordynka St. Moscow 119017 Russia

Continuous monitoring and control of hydrocarbon flow is not a new task. Today, there are many engineering solutions in flow measurement that are used in commercial applications. However, the search for other solutions continues and is associated with the emergence of new technical challenges of the oil and gas industry. There is also a constant request for optimization of already working flow-metering solutions. In the present work we propose a methodology to calculate the composition of a mixture using gamma densitometry methods with direct and scattered radiation tracking. Experiments were carried out on reference samples and ways of practical implementation of the proposed methodology are shown.

关键词： Counting gases and liquids Inspection with x-rays data processing methods

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Search for supersymmetric sleptons and charginos with the ATLAS detector

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第8期18卷 C08009页

作者： Ballabene, Eric Univ Bologna Dept Phys & Astron Augusto Righi Viale Berti Pichat 6-2 Bologna Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6-2 Bologna Italy

A new search for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles decaying into two leptons with missing transverse momentum is presented. Two simplified models are considered: direct pair production of sleptons decaying into the lightest neutralinos through leptons of the Standard Model (SM) and direct pair production of the lightest charginos decaying into the lightest neutralinos through bosons of the SM. The analysis targets phase space regions where the difference in mass between the slepton or the lightest chargino and the lightest neutralino is close to or below the mass of the boson. Such regions with compressed mass spectra have not been covered by any searches conducted so far due to the low cross-section of the supersymmetric signal. Therefore, improved analysis strategies are crucial to separate the supersymmetric signal from the SM backgrounds. A search for an excess of same-flavour lepton pairs in opposite-sign lepton events is made in the direct slepton pair production analysis while a machine learning approach using boosted decision trees is exploited in the chargino pair production analysis and considering both the same-flavour and different-flavour channels. No significant excesses over the expected background are observed using proton-proton collisions data collected by the ATLAS experiment at root = 13 TeV and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set for each considered model. Exclusion limits are also set for selectrons and smuons separately and portions of the region excluded by the search of smuons pair production are expected to be compatible with the - 2 anomaly for small tan values.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods

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Denoising 3D Time Projection Chamber data using convolutional neural networks

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第5期20卷

作者： Gajdos, Matej da Luz, Hugo Natal Souza, Geovane G. A. Bregant, Marco Czech Tech Univ IEAP Husova 5 Prague 1 Czech Republic Univ Sao Paulo Inst Fis HEPIC Rua Matao 1371Cidade Univ BR-05508090 Sao Paulo Brazil

Spurious signals caused by microdischarges are a known effect inherent to all gaseous detectors. During the reconstruction in imaging and tracking detectors, such as time projection chambers, these signals are added to the actual track-generated signal as extra pixels or clusters, compromising the performance of the detector. The usual approach to remove these noise patterns is by hardware-dependent heuristics and conditions. In this work, we study the usage of denoising convolutional neural networks (NN) to clean the signals from a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) prototype. We show that this denoising provides also a tool for the selection and rejection of detector events that do not contain any track. The output provided by the neural network is compared with the results obtained using a conventional algorithm. The Physics of the events measured by the detector (such as the shape of the tracks) is used to assess and compare the quality of the two algorithms and how much they improve the existing data set.

关键词： data processing methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods Time projection chambers

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A high-precision interpolation method for pulsed radio signals from cosmic-ray air showers

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第9期18卷 P09005页

作者： Corstanje, A. Buitink, S. Desmet, M. Falcke, H. Hare, B. M. Horandel, J. R. Huege, T. Jhansi, V. B. Karastathis, N. Krampah, G. K. Mitra, P. Mulrey, K. Nelles, A. Nivedita, K. Pandya, H. Scholten, O. Terveer, K. Thoudam, S. Trinh, G. ter Veen, S. Vrije Univ Brussel Inst Astrophys Pl Laan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Radboud Univ Nijmegen IMAPP Dept Astrophys POB 9010 NL-6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON Postbus 2 NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo Netherlands Nikhef Sci Pk Amsterdam NL-1098 XG Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Groningen Kapteyn Astron Inst NL-9747 AD Groningen Netherlands Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Astroteilchenphys POB 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY Platanenallee 6 D-15738 Zeuthen Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg ECAP D-91058 Erlangen Germany Vrije Univ Brussel Interuniv Inst High Energy Pl Laan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Khalifa Univ Dept Phys POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Can Tho Univ Campus II Sch Educ Dept Phys 3-2 St Can Tho City Vietnam

Analysis of radio signals from cosmic-ray induced air showers has been shown to be a reliable method to extract shower parameters such as primary energy and depth of shower maximum. The required detailed air shower simulations take 1 to 3 days of CPU time per shower for a few hundred antennas. With nearly 60, 000 antennas envisioned to be used for air shower studies at the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), simulating all of these would come at unreasonable costs. We present an interpolation algorithm to reconstruct the full pulse time series at any position in the radio footprint, from a set of antennas simulated on a polar grid. Relying on Fourier series representations and cubic splines, it significantly improves on existing linear methods. We show that simulating about 200 antennas is sufficient for high-precision analysis in the SKA era, including e.g. interferometry which relies on accurate pulse shapes and timings. We therefore propose the interpolation algorithm and its implementation as a useful extension of radio simulation codes, to limit computational effort while retaining accuracy.

关键词： data processing methods Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Simulation methods and programs Systematic effects

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