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Extra dimensions: 3D and time in PDF documentation

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2011年第1期6卷 C01053-C01053页

作者： Graf, N. A. SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab Menlo Pk CA USA

Experimental science is replete with multi-dimensional information which is often poorly represented by the two dimensions of presentation slides and print media. Past efforts to disseminate such information to a wider audience have failed for a number of reasons, including a lack of standards which are easy to implement and have broad support. Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF) has in recent years become the de facto standard for secure, dependable electronic information exchange. It has done so by creating an open format, providing support for multiple platforms and being reliable and extensible. By providing support for the ECMA standard Universal 3D (U3D) file format in its free Adobe Reader software, Adobe has made it easy to distribute and interact with 3D content. By providing support for scripting and animation, temporal data can also be easily distributed to a wide, non-technical audience. We discuss how the field of radiation imaging could benefit from incorporating full 3D information about not only the detectors, but also the results of the experimental analyses, in its electronic publications. In this article, we present examples drawn from high-energy physics, mathematics and molecular biology which take advantage of this functionality. We demonstrate how 3D detector elements can be documented, using either CAD drawings or other sources such as GEANT visualizations as input.

关键词： data processing methods Simulation methods and programs Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics Computing (architecture, farms, GRID for recording, storage, archiving, and distribution of data)

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A neural network based algorithm for MRPC position reconstruction

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2020年第10期15卷

作者： Yu, Y. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Han, D. Guo, B. Wang, F. Shen, C. Zhang, Q. Li, Y. Tsinghua Univ Dept Engn Phys Key Lab Particle & Radiat Imaging Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Over the last ten years, muon imaging has attracted much attention due to its possible applications to detect high-Z materials in shipping containers or image very large objects such as volcanoes and large buildings. Precise measurements of the incident and outgoing angles of the cosmic muons are mandatory in this application. Large size (M)RPC detector with sub-millimetre position resolution should be an ideal candidate for the detector system. Prior work on improving the position resolution of MRPC mainly focuses on adjusting read-out panel and the detector geometry, while little work has been done on improving the position reconstruction algorithm. This paper proposes a new position reconstruction algorithm based on the neural networks which has no systematic error and gives better results than the center of gravity algorithm.

关键词： data processing methods Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc) Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors) Resistive-plate chambers

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Toward clinical differential phase contrast mammography: preliminary evaluations and image processing schemes

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2013年第5期8卷 C05009-C05009页

作者： Stampanoni, M. Wang, Z. Thuering, T. David, C. Roessl, E. van Stevendaal, U. Koehler, T. Trippel, M. Singer, G. Kubik-Huch, R. A. Hohl, M. K. Hauser, N. Paul Scherrer Inst Swiss Light Source CH-5232 Villigen Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Biomed Engn Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Paul Scherrer Inst Lab Micro & Nanotechnol CH-5232 Villigen Switzerland Philips Technol GmbH Hamburg Germany Kantonsspital Baden Inst Pathol CH-5404 Baden Switzerland Kantonsspital Baden Dept Radiol CH-5404 Baden Switzerland Kantonsspital Baden Interdisciplinary Breast Ctr Baden Dept Gynecol & Obstet CH-5404 Baden Switzerland

Phase contrast and scattering-based X-ray imaging are very promising tools for medical diagnostics because they are able to provide additional and complementary information to traditional absorption-based methods. In this work, we discuss the investigation of three native breast samples with a grating interferometer equipped with a conventional X-ray tube, the full study being published in ref. [1]. We briefly introduce a method to fuse absorption, differential phase and scattering signals into a unique image with improved diagnostic contents. Our approach yields complementary and inaccessible information on the electron density distribution and the small-angle scattering power of the sample which could potentially answer clinically relevant, yet unresolved questions such as the capability to unequivocally discern between (pre-) malignant changes and post-operative scars or to distinguish cancer-invaded regions within healthy tissue.

关键词： X-ray mammography and scinto- and MRI-mammography Image filtering data processing methods Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms computer-aided so

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Improving the time resolution of the MRPC detector using deep-learning algorithms

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2020年第9期15卷

作者： Wang, F. Han, D. Wang, Y. Tsinghua Univ Dept Engn Phys Key Lab Particle & Radiat Imaging Minist Educ Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

The multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPCs) will be used as the Time-of-Flight (ToF) system in the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID). The time resolution required by the experiment for the MRPC system is 20 ps in order to make a 3 sigma separation of the pi/K created in the collisions. To achieve this goal, the whole system including the MRPC detector, the front-end electronics and the readout system will be upgraded. Based on the new system, a time reconstruction algorithm using a combined LSTM (ComLSTM) neural network is proposed. The best time resolution achieved with this algorithm in a cosmic ray test is 16.8 ps, which largely improves the timing ability of the MRPC detector and well satisfies the requirement of the SoLID.

关键词： data processing methods Gaseous detectors Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors

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Development of correction methods for variable pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography

Development of correction methods for variable pinhole singl...

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17th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors

作者： Bae, S. Bae, J. Lee, H. Lee, K. Korea Univ Dept Bioconvergence Engn 145 Anam Ro Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Res Inst Global Hlth Technol 145 Anam Ro Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Sch Biomed Engn 145 Anam Ro Seoul South Korea

We propose a novel pinhole collimator in which the pinhole shape can be changed in real-time, and a new single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system that utilizes this variable pinhole (VP) collimator. The acceptance angle and distance between the collimator and the object of VP SPECT are varied so that the optimum value of the region-of-interest (ROI) can be obtained for each rotation angle. Because of these geometrical variations, new correction methods are required for image reconstruction. In this study, we developed two correction methods. The first is the sensitivity-correction algorithm, which minimizes the variation of a system matrix caused by varying the acceptance angle for each rotation angle. The second is the acquisition-time-correction method, which reduces the variation of uniformity caused by varying the distance between the collimator and the object for each rotation angle. A 3D maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm was applied to image reconstruction, and two digital phantoms were studied to evaluate the resolution and sensitivity of the images obtained using the proposed methods. The images obtained by using the proposed correction methods show higher uniformity and resolution than those obtained without using these methods. In particular, the results of the resolution phantom study show that hot rods (0.8-mm-diameter) can be clearly distinguished using the proposed correction methods. A quantitative analysis of the ROI phantom revealed that the mean square error (MSE) was 0.42 without the acquisition-time-correction method, and 0.04 with the acquisition-time-correction method. The MSEs of the resolution phantom without and with the acquisition-time-correction method were calculated as 55.14 and 14.69, respectively.

关键词： data processing methods Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA) Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided software

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Particle flow reconstruction for the CMS Phase-II Level-1 Trigger

Particle flow reconstruction for the CMS Phase-II Level-1 Tr...

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Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics (TWEPP)

作者： Herwig, C. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab POB 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA

The upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC will include track-finding for the first time in the Level-1 trigger, enabling Particle Flow reconstruction of every event in addition to comprehensive pileup mitigation. The Correlator trigger will reconstruct isolated leptons and photons, hadronic jets, and energy sums, assisted in many cases by machine learning to benefit from the complete particle-level event record. We present the logic of these algorithms, possible implementations using large FPGAs and their demonstration in prototype hardware, in addition to the expected physics performance.

关键词： Trigger algorithms Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software) data processing methods

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Improving image reconstruction algorithm for rotating modulation collimators using a variance stabilizing transform

Improving image reconstruction algorithm for rotating modula...

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18th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors

作者： Shin, Y. Kim, G. Lee, G. Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & IT Media Engn Seoul South Korea Sejong Univ Dept Nucl Engn Seoul South Korea

Arotating modulation collimator (RMC) is an indirect imaging technique that has proven useful for remote radiation source detection. While it was initially invented for detecting sources in a far field, a recent development by Kowash has shown the feasibility of the RMC for detecting mid-range sources. However, their image reconstruction algorithm often produces spurious source estimates in pixels where no source exists. In this paper, we propose to improve the RMC image quality using a variance stabilizing transform. The transform reduces the inhomogeneous Poisson noise in the RMC data. In our simulation study, the proposed algorithm could reconstruct RMC images without misleading artifacts.

关键词： data processing methods Image filtering Search for radioactive and fissile materials Inspection with gamma rays

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Performance of the BGO endcap calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector

Performance of the BGO endcap calorimeter of the CMD-3 detec...

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International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics

作者： Akhmetshin, R. R. Grigoriev, D. N. Kazanin, V. F. Kuzmenko, A. E. Yudin, Yu. V. Budker Inst Nucl Phys Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Tech Univ Novosibirsk 630073 Russia

The BGO endcap calorimeter was successfully operated in the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M collider. It consists of 680 BGO crystals, each with a size of 25 x 25 x 150 mm(3), arranged in two identical endcaps, with a total crystal weight of 450 kg. The light readout used vacuum phototriodes. The endcap calorimeter has been upgraded to operate in the CMD-3 detector at the new collider VEPP-2000. The major part of the endcap calorimeter, the BGO crystals, remains the same. The main upgrade is the use of silicon PIN photodiodes and new electronics. The main reason to change a photosensitive device is the strong non-uniform magnetic field in the endcap calorimeter volume and reduced available space. The Hamamatsu PIN photodiode S3590-08 was chosen as an optimal solution, as it is insensitive to magnetic fields and is both compact and stable. An order of magnitude larger capacitance of silicon photodiodes requires design and produce new custom electronics. The upgrade is expected to bring an overall improvement of parameters. The endcap calorimeter has been installed in the detector and participates in data taking which started in 2010. The preliminary energy resolution is measured in the energy range 160-1000 MeV. It is better to compare to the CMD-2 detector.

关键词： data processing methods Calorimeters Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)

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Development of Pileup Recovery Algorithms by Peak Detection Method of Digital Gamma Ray Spectroscopy 34

Development of Pileup Recovery Algorithms by Peak Detection ...

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34th National Radio Science Conference (NRSC)

作者： Ouda, Manar M. El Tokhy, Mohamed S. Amal-Eldin, Mohamed Hashima, Sherief Ziedan, Nesreen Mahmoud, Imbaby I. Egyptian Atom Energy Author Nucl Res Ctr Engn Dept Cairo Egypt Zagazig Univ Comp & Syst Engn Dept Fac Engn Zagazig Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046096

The Pulse pile-up in gamma ray spectroscopy is a severe problem because it degrades both energy resolution and detection efficiency, especially at high count rates. This paper presents two algorithms for signal recovery of peak pile up. These algorithms depend on experimental acquisition of gamma radiation signals with analog to digital converter at sampling rate 16MS/s. The first algorithm depends on a peak detection method that determines the peaks' parameters, which are recorded into a two rows matrix representing the amplitude and position of the peaks. The second algorithm depends on a peak sensitivity method, which determines the location of the maximum peaks using a local extreme method. The variance between each two adjacent points are calculated to find indices of nonzero elements that are larger than zero to determine the maximum amplitude of each peak. The resultant peaks correspond to peak location. These two methods are evaluated by comparing not only their parameters but also their fitting error. Moreover, the influence of these algorithms on the obtained spectrums are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the second algorithm outperforms the performance of the first one due to the efficient recovery of overlapping peaks.

关键词： Digital signal processing gamma-ray detection High-count-rate spectrometry pileup correction data processing methods

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On determining the prediction limits of mathematical models for time series

On determining the prediction limits of mathematical models ...

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4th International Conference on Frontiers in Diagnostics Technologies

作者： Peluso, E. Murari, A. Gelfusa, M. Lungaroni, M. Talebzadeh, S. Gaudio, P. Abhangi, M. Abreu, P. Aftanas, M. Afzal, M. Aggarwal, K. M. Aho-Mantila, L. Ahonen, E. Aints, M. Airila, M. Albanese, R. Alegre, D. Alessi, E. Aleynikov, P. Alfier, A. Alkseev, A. Allan, P. Almaviva, S. Alonso, A. Alper, B. Alsworth, I. Alves, D. Ambrosino, G. Ambrosino, R. Amosov, V. Andersson, F. Andersson Sunden, E. Angelone, M. Anghel, A. Anghel, M. Angioni, C. Appel, L. Apruzzese, G. Arena, P. Ariola, M. Arnichand, H. Arnoux, G. Arshad, S. Ash, A. Asp, E. Asunta, O. Atanasiu, C. V. Austin, Y. Avotina, L. Axton, M. D. Ayres, C. Bachmann, C. Baciero, A. Baiao, D. Bailescu, V. Baiocchi, B. Baker, A. Baker, R. A. Balboa, I. Balden, M. Balshaw, N. Bament, R. Banks, J. W. Baranov, Y. F. Barlow, I. L. Barnard, M. A. Barnes, D. Barnsley, R. Baron Wiechec, A. Baruzzo, M. Basiuk, V. Bassan, M. Bastow, R. Batista, A. Batistoni, P. Bauer, R. Bauvir, B. Bazylev, B. Beal, J. Beaumont, P. S. Becoulet, A. Bednarczyk, P. Bekris, N. Beldishevski, M. Bell, K. Belli, F. Bellinger, M. Belo, J. K. Belo, P. Belonohy, E. Benterman, N. A. Bergsaker, H. Bernardo, J. Bernert, M. Berry, M. Bertalot, L. Beurskens, M. N. A. Bieg, B. Bielecki, J. Biewer, T. Bigi, M. Bilkova, P. Binda, F. Bizarro, J. P. S. Bjorkas, C. Blackman, K. Blackman, T. R. Blanchard, P. Blanco, E. Blatchford, P. Bobkov, V. Boboc, A. Bodnar, G. Bogar, O. Bolzonella, T. Boncagni, L. Bonham, R. Bonheure, G. Boom, J. Booth, J. Borba, D. Borodin, D. Botrugno, A. Boulbe, C. Boulting, P. Bovert, K. V. Bowden, M. Bower, C. Boyce, T. Boyer, H. J. Bradshaw, J. M. A. Braic, V. Breizman, B. Bremond, S. Brennan, P. D. Brett, A. Brezinsek, S. Bright, M. D. J. Brix, M. Broeckx, W. Brombin, M. Brown, B. C. Brown, D. P. D. Brown, M. Bruno, E. Bucalossi, J. Buch, J. Buckley, M. A. Bucko, K. Budny, R. Bufferand, H. Bulman, M. Bulmer, N. Bunting, P. Buratti, P. Burcea, G. Burckhart, A. Buscarino, A. Butcher, P. R. Butler, N. K. Bykov, I. Byrne, J. Byszuk, A. Cackett, A. Cahyna, P. Cain, G. Calabro, G. Callaghan, Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Ind Engn Via Politecn 1 I-00133 Rome Italy Univ Padua Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Consorzio RFX CNRENEAAcciaierie Venete SpA Corso Stati Uniti 4 I-35127 Padua Italy EUROfus Consortium JET Culham Sci Ctr Abingdon OX14 3DB Oxon England Aalto Univ FIN-00076 Aalto Finland BCS Barcelona Spain Culham Sci Ctr CCFE Abingdon OX14 3DB Oxon England IRFM CEA F-13108 St Paul Les Durance France Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Consorzio CREATE I-80125 Naples Italy Consorzio RFX I-35127 Padua Italy Daegu Univ Gyongsan 712174 Gyeongbuk South Korea Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Fis Madrid 28911 Spain Univ Ghent Dept Appl Phys B-9000 Ghent Belgium Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Earth & Space Sci SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Univ Cagliari Dept Elect & Elect Engn I-09123 Cagliari Italy Comenius Univ Fac Math Phys & Informat Dept Expt Phys Bratislava 84248 Slovakia Univ Strathclyde Dept Phys & Appl Phys Glasgow G4 ONG Lanark Scotland Uppsala Univ Dept Phys & Astron SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden Lund Univ Dept Phys SE-22100 Lund Sweden KTH SCI Dept Phys SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden Univ Oxford Dept Phys Oxford OX1 2JD England Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England Queens Univ Dept Pure & Appl Phys Belfast BT7 1NN Antrim North Ireland Univ Catania Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettr & Sistemi I-95125 Catania Italy Dublin City Univ Dublin Ireland CRPP EPFL CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland CNRS UMR 7648 Ecole Polytech F-91128 Palaiseau France EUROfus Programme Management Unit D-85748 Garching Germany Culham Sci Ctr EUROfus Programme Management Unit Abingdon OX14 3DB Oxon England European Commiss B-1049 Brussels Belgium FOM Inst DIFFER NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein Netherlands Forsch Zentrum Julich GmbH Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Plasmaphys D-52425 Julich Germany Fus Energy Joint Undertaking Barcelona 08019 Spain KTH EES Fus Plasma Phys SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden Gen Atom San Diego CA 85608 USA IF

Prediction is one of the main objectives of scientific analysis and it refers to both modelling and forecasting. The determination of the limits of predictability is an important issue of both theoretical and practical relevance. In the case of modelling time series, reached a certain level in performance in either modelling or prediction, it is often important to assess whether all the information available in the data has been exploited or whether there are still margins for improvement of the tools being developed. In this paper, an information theoretic approach is proposed to address this issue and quantify the quality of the models and/or predictions. The excellent properties of the proposed indicator have been proved with the help of a systematic series of numerical tests and a concrete example of extreme relevance for nuclear fusion.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods

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