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A deep learning method combined with electronic nose to identify the rice origin

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第8期17卷 P08016页

作者： Yan, Chaohua Lu, An Nanyang Inst Technol Sch Digital Media & Art Design Nanyang 473000 Peoples R China Chongqing Acad Metrol & Qual Inspect Chongqing 401120 Peoples R China

The rice quality is directly affected by the natural environment in which it is grown. It is common to pass off poor quality as good quality rice sold in rice markets. Therefore, an effective rice quality detection method should be proposed. This work proposes a deep learning method combined with an electronic nose (e-nose) to realize the classification of rice origin, and then realize the detection of rice quality. Firstly, channel-spatial collaborative attention (CSCA) is proposed to adaptively focus on key features of gas information. Secondly, three shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) structures are introduced to achieve gas information classification. Finally, CSCA and three CNN structures are combined to construct a classification network for rice gas recognition. The results show that in the comparison of multi-structure models, LeNet5-CSCA has the best classification performance, with a classification accuracy of 97.70%, a precision of 97.45%, a recall of 97.67%, and a F1-score of 97.56%.

关键词： Bioinstrumentation data processing methods Instruments for environmental mon-itoring food control and medical use Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods

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A novel maximum likelihood and moving weighted average based adaptive Kalman filter

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第8期17卷 P08036页

作者： Fu, Hongpo Cheng, Yongmei Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Automat 1 Dongxiang Rd Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

For the state estimation with inaccurate noise statistics, the existing adaptive Kalman filters (AKFs) usually have substantial computational complexity or are not easy to estimate online. Inspired by the fact, a new computationally efficient AKF based on maximum likelihood and moving weighted average (MMAKF) is proposed. Firstly, to reduce computational complexity, instead of estimating the noise covariance matrixes, the maximum likelihood principle is introduced to directly estimate the prediction error covariance matrix and innovation covariance matrix. Subsequently, a new moving weighted average algorithm is designed to optimize the estimated results. Then, a computationally efficient AKF is derived, and its convergence performance and application are discussed. Simulation results for the target tracking example illustrate that the proposed AKF can effectively reduce error caused by inaccurate noise statistics and basically keep simplicity and elegance of the classical KF.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods

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Double photon coincidence crosstalk reduction method for multi-nuclide Compton imaging

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第4期17卷 P04001-P04001页

作者： Uenomachi, M. Shimazoe, K. Takahashi, H. RIKEN Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Univ Tokyo Sch Engn Dept Bioengn Bunkyo Ku 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 1138656 Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 3320012 Japan Univ Tokyo Sch Engn Inst Engn Innovat Bunkyo Ku 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 1138656 Japan

Compton imaging based on Compton scattering kinematics has the potential to visualize multi-nuclides by discriminating the total energy of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption events. This feature enables us to perform multi-tracer imaging that reflects different functional information in nuclear medicine, resulting in a definitive diagnosis and being useful for biological and medical research. One of the challenges with multi-nuclide imaging is the crosstalk artifacts caused by scattered photons of higher energy gamma-rays. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of the double photon coincidence detection as a drastic crosstalk reduction method. Coincidence detection of successive gamma-rays can differentiate nuclides and reduce the background caused by other nuclides' gamma-rays because some nuclides emit two or more gamma-rays in rapid succession. In this study, we focused on the coincidence detection of a Compton event and a photoelectric absorption event, and we showed simultaneous double photon emitter imaging of In-111 and Lu-177 with a ring-type Compton imaging system. The artifacts caused by other nuclides' gamma-rays were reduced by extracting Compton events coincident with photoelectric absorption events. The coincidence Compton images demonstrated a signal-to-background ratio improvement of 1.1-1.7 times over the one of no-coincidence Compton images, despite a drop in intrinsic detection efficiency of the order of 10(-2). This strategy of directly reducing crosstalk will be useful in other combinations imaging such as of In-111 (or Lu-177) and a positron emission tomography nuclide.

关键词： Compton imaging Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging

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Investigating machine learning solutions for a 256 channel TCSPC camera with sub-70 ps single photon timing per channel at data rates >10 Gbps

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第7期17卷 C07023-C07023页

作者： Markfort, A. Baranov, A. Conneely, T. M. Duran, A. Lapington, J. Milnes, J. Moore, W. Mudrov, A. Tyukin, I Photek Ltd 26 Castleham Rd Hastings TN38 9NS England Univ Leicester Dept Comp & Math Sci Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England

The development of a Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) camera with 256 channels has enabled several applications where single photon sensitivity is crucial, such as LiDAR, Fluorescent Lifetime IMaging (FLIM) and quantum information systems. The microchannel plate-based Multi-Anode Photo-Multiplier Tube (MAPMT) is a 16 x 16 array of 1.656mm pitch pixels with an active anode area of 26.5 x 26.5mm(2). Each pixel can time single photons with an accuracy of 60 ps rms at a maximum photon rate of 480 KHz. The timing electronics are capable of measuring 120 Mcps, producing huge volumes of data for processing, in the region of 10 Gbps per detector. Limitations in algorithmic data analysis techniques are critical for this application, hence this paper demonstrates a machine learning (ML) model which can determine the photon event coordinates with the objective of processing each one photon per 10 mu s. Themodel applies calibrations for the detector and electronics such as amplitude walk, and charge measurement and channel to channel threshold variation. Optimisation of the model is detailed within the paper, including training hyperparameters, the clustering of coincident events and compression of the model through pruning techniques. The ML model is trained and tested on a simulation of the microchannel plate (MCP) PMT with timing electronics configured for use as a TCSPC camera, utilising charge sharing techniques to further improve the spatial resolution of the detector. Further objectives of the research are to test the model on detector data, allowing assessment on the variance of accuracy between simulated and real data. Beyond this, assessment of the performance of this approach compared to algorithmic approaches and introduction of statistical reasoning of the robustness of the model will be completed.

关键词： data processing methods Pattern recognition,cluster finding,calibration and fitting methods Analysis and statistical methods Simulation methods and programs

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Multiangle scanning for measuring radiation beam profiles with a typical size of 10 millimetres - Proof-of-principle experiments

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第7期17卷 T07004页

作者： Bulavskaya, A. A. Cherepennikov, Yu M. Grigorieva, A. A. Miloichikova, I. A. Stuchebrov, S. G. Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ 30 Lenin Ave Tomsk 634050 Russia Tomsk NRMC RAS Canc Res Inst 5 Kooperativny St Tomsk 634050 Russia

In this research, a method for acquiring radiation beam profiles was developed. Multiple linear beam scanning using a detection strip was performed in a beam cross section at different angles. The obtained data were then mathematically processed and transformed into the radiation beam profile. The profiles of X-ray and electron beams were obtained experimentally using the proposed method, and are reported herein.

关键词： Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors) Instrumentation for gamma-electron therapy data processing methods Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - low energy (linear accelerators, cyclotrons, electrostatic accelerators)

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Scintillation event localization in hemi-ellipsoid detector for SPECT, a simulation study using Geant4 Monte-Carlo

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第5期17卷 P05035页

作者： Soysal, H. R. Dey, J. Donahue, W. P. Matthews, K. L. Louisiana State Univ Dept Phys & Astron 202 Nicholson HallTower Dr Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Univ Mississippi Med Ctr Dept Radiat Oncol 350 Woodrow Wilson DrSuite 1600 Jackson MS 39213 USA Yale Univ Dept Therapeut Radiol 333 Cedar St New Haven CT 06510 USA

Purpose: a high sensitivity Cardiac SPECT system using curved crystals with pinhole collimation was proposed previously (Dey, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 59 (2012) 334). Using hemi-ellipsoid CsI crystals, in simulations, the system improved sensitivity by a factor of 3 over newer generation SPECT systems (DSPECT or GE Discovery) while keeping the resolution comparable (Bhusal et al., Med. Phys. 46 (2018) 116). In this work, we hypothesize that the high curvature detector results in measurable differences in light distribution from events at different depths in the crystal. We rigorously test this by analyzing the scintillation light using Monte-Carlo (Geant4) and propose a statistical event localization method in a hemi-ellipsoid detector. We evaluate the localization error of the algorithm and the back-projected errors in object space. methods: to develop this localization capability for the proposed design, we used Geant4 to simulate the propagation of scintillation light in a monolithic hemi-ellipsoidal CsI crystal. A look-up table (LUT) was created to map the points inside the crystal to the expected light pattern on the crystal surface using the Geant4 simulation data. Thirteen zones were considered across the crystal. In each zone, gammarays were simulated and the resulting photon intensity on the surface was captured, serving as our experimental interactions. An algorithm based on Poisson statistics was developed to limit the search of the experimental gamma-ray event locations into smaller regions of the LUT. The localization was fine-tuned by comparing the light distribution of the gamma interactions in selected patterns from the LUT points and then recorded. The algorithm-localized gamma-ray events were also individually back-projected to the object mid-plane, (expected mid-plane of the heart), and the error at the plane was recorded as well. Results: the light patterns of adjacent LUT points showed visually discernible differences. Excluding some outliers (up

关键词： Bioinstrumentation Gamma camera SPECT PET PET/CT coronary CT angiography (CTA) data processing methods

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RooHammerModel: interfacing the HAMMER software tool with HistFactory and RooFit

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第4期17卷 T04006页

作者： Pardinas, J. Garcia Meloni, S. Grillo, L. Owen, P. Calvi, M. Serra, N. Univ Milano Bicocca Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini Piazza Sci 3 I-20133 Milan Italy INFN Sez Milano Bicocca Piazza Sci 3 I-20133 Milan Italy Univ Manchester Sch Phys & Astron Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England Univ Zurich Dept Phys Winterthurerstr 190 Zurich Switzerland Univ Glasgow Sch Phys & Astron Kelvin Bldg Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland

Recent B-physics results have sparkled great interest in the search for beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics in b -> cl (v) over bar transitions. The need to analyse in a consistent manner big datasets for these searches, using high-statistics Monte-Carlo (MC) samples, led to the development of HAMMER, a software tool which enables to perform a fast morphing of MC-derived templates to include BSM effects and/or alternative parameterisations of long-distance effects, avoiding the need to re-generate simulated samples. This paper describes the development of RooHammerModel, an interface between this tool and the commonly-used data-fitting frameworks HistFactory and RooFit. In this document, the structure and functionality of the user interface are explained. Information of a public repository where it can be accessed is provided, as well as validation and performance studies of the interface. The methods developed in the construction of RooHammerModel can provide useful information for alternative future attempts to interface HAMMER with other data-fitting frameworks.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods

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A novel differential time-of-flight algorithm for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurement

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第5期17卷 P05019页

作者： Li, L. Hu, Y. Dong, J. Wu, Q. Hu, T. Zhu, F. Zhengzhou Univ Sch Phys & Microelect Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Univ Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

The use of ultrasonic gas flow meters has expanded in industrial and household fields owing to their unique advantages. The transit-time method is applied to measure the gas flow rate by determining the absolute time-of-flight (TOF). However, it is inevitable that there is a contradiction between long time scale and high time precision of absolute TOF. In this paper, a novel differential TOF (Delta T) algorithm is proposed for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurements. The experimental results proved that Delta T plays a decisive role in the actual flow rate calculation. Therefore, when the absolute TOF is obtained, furthermore, the high-precision Delta T is calculated by the cross-power spectrum method separately. The two echo signals are aligned and compared to obtain Delta T, instead of subtracting the absolute TOFs. Either of the two echo signals is the reference signal of each other, which also avoids the problem of finding reference signals. The results of the calibration experiment indicate that the algorithm improves the stability of zero flow drift under static conditions and the accuracy of the dynamic flow rates. The algorithm allows the adjustment of parameters to be applied to pipes of different diameters. The parameters of the algorithm can be adjusted for application to ultrasonic flow metering systems of different diameters.

关键词： Counting gases and liquids Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Gas systems and purification

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Progress report on the online processing upgrade at the NA62 experiment

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第4期17卷 C04002页

作者： Ammendola, R. Biagioni, A. Ciardiello, A. Cretaro, P. Frezza, O. Lamanna, G. Lo Cicero, F. Lonardo, A. Martinelli, M. Piandani, R. Pontisso, L. Raggi, M. Simula, F. Soldi, D. Turisini, M. Vicini, P. INFN Sez Roma Rome Italy INFN Sez Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy INFN Sez Torino Turin Italy Univ Sapienza Roma Rome Italy Univ Pisa Pisa Italy Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China INFN Sez Pisa Pisa Italy

A new FPGA-based low-level trigger processor has been installed at the NA62 experiment. It is intended to extend the features of its predecessor due to a faster interconnection technology and additional logic resources available on the new platform. With the aim of improving trigger selectivity and exploring new architectures for complex trigger computation, a GPU system has been developed and a neural network on FPGA is in progress. They both process data streams from the ring imaging Cherenkov detector of the experiment to extract in real time high level features for the trigger logic. Description of the systems, latest developments and design flows are reported in this paper.

关键词： Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software) data processing methods Trigger algorithms

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Strain and vibration measurements by FBG sensors for engineering applications

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第6期18卷 C06030页

作者： Castaldo, A. Caponero, M. A. Clemente, P. Mazzotta, C. Polimadei, A. Terranova, G. Capasso, M. Darban, R. Lavorato, D. Nuti, C. Signorini, S. Sonzognic, F. Failla, C. ENEA Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ Rome Italy Univ Roma Tre Dept Architecture Via Aldo Manuzio 68L I-00153 Rome Italy Magnetti Bldg SpA Via Don Angelo Pedrinelli 118 I-24030 Bergamo Italy

Fiber optic sensors based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology [1] is widely used to produce quasi-distributed monitoring systems to measure mechanical parameters for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures [2]. FBG sensors are produced in the core of the optical fiber, as a short segment of fiber where a diffraction grating is produced (5-10 mm). The principle of operation of the FBGs is based on the diffraction occurring at the grating: if broadband light propagates, a quasi-monochromatic counter propagating light originates. The wavelength of the diffracted light depends on the value of the refraction index of the core along the grating which in turn is affected by both temperature and strain. Thus, by measuring the wavelength change of the counter propagating light, the change of strain and the temperature can be worked out. The PREFOS Project [3] aims to develop a novel procedure to apply the use of FBGs to monitor the prestressed strands of civil engineering prefabricated components. In this paper, we report results of an experimental campaign intended to measure the sensitivity of saddle-like sensors to induced vibration and mechanical strain. Measurements were done performing static and dynamic tests on a steel strand equipped with 3 sensors. The tests have been performed applying different tensioning to the steel strand. Static measurements were worked out applying a stepwise tensioning increase. Dynamic tests were worked out at each stepped tension level, inducing vibration by both sharp hammer impact and release of hanged weight. The paper is organized as follows, in section 1 a general description of the testbed structure used for the experiments will be provided. In section 2 the results of static analysis and dynamic tests will be presented with the dynamic behavior of the strand evaluated by performing a simple Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Finally, the conclusions will be drawn.

关键词： Optical sensory systems data processing methods

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