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Online LSSVM model to predict temperatures of furnace system in Chinese Space

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第7期16卷

作者： Huang, Z. Y. Yu, Q. Li, G. H. Chinese Acad Sci Natl Space Sci Ctr Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

Crystal growth furnace is the platform of material melting experiment in space station. The precision of the temperature controller of the furnace determines whether the experiment is successful or not. Generally, system identification contributes to the design of a better controller. However, many identification methods are only effective with large datasets and cannot track the changing features of the system characteristics when the environment changes. In this article, we present an online method to identify the time-varying and large time delay furnace system. Inspired by clustering theory, to track the latest characteristics of the system, the training set is dynamically updated based on sample similarities. Grid search and grey wolf optimizer are used respectively for hyperparameter optimization in a two-phase tuning process. The presented identification method is validated using Tiangong-2 furnace data set. The results show the established recursive leastsquares SVMs can successfully predict the temperatures of the furnace with different experiment environment.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods

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A robust Kalman filter time scale algorithm with data anomaly

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第6期16卷

作者： Song, H. Dong, S. Qu, L. Wang, X. Guo, D. Chinese Acad Sci Natl Time Serv Ctr Xian 710600 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Time & Frequency Primary Stand Xian 710600 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Astron & Space Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Kalman filtering is utilized in many fields because of its capability to separate data from white phase noise. In time and frequency domain, employing Kalman filter is particularly important because of its use in building time scales. The studied time scale algorithms have been usually based on an ensemble of clocks without data anomaly, or the anomaly data is processed in advance to secure the reliability of the data used in Kalman filter algorithm. This increases the amount of computation and affects the real-time performance of the algorithm. In this study a robust Kalman filter is employed to present a method of time scale calculation. It extends a previously published Kalman filter algorithm that is useful for an ensemble of clocks without phase anomalies. In the algorithm, the inflation factor and the optimal adaptive factor are applied to the clock ensemble. The introduced algorithm may be useful for an ensemble of clocks with measurement outliers and phase jumps. The effectiveness of the proposed method can be verified through simulation and experimental analysis. The analysis result shows that the robust Kalman filter algorithm can resist the influence of measurement outliers and phase jumps on time scale performance. So, the accuracy and the stability of time scale can be improved.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods Control and monitor systems online data processing methods

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An approach for numerical simulating and processing of measured electrical signals from board sensors installed on wheeled electro-mechanical platforms

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第10期16卷

作者： Mamalis, A. G. Nevliudov, I. Romashov, Yu. NCSR Demokritos Project Ctr Nanotechnol & Adv Engn 9 Finikos St Athens 14564 Greece Kharkiv Natl Univ Radio Elect Nauky Ave 14 UA-61166 Kharkiv Ukraine Kharkov Natl Univ 4 Svobody Sq UA-61022 Kharkiv Ukraine

The generalized approaches of mathematical modelling for numerical simulating and processing of measured electrical signals from board sensors installed on wheeled electro-mechanical platforms are developed in this research. The mathematical backgrounds of the developed approaches are elaborated on the basis of especially formulated initial-value problems need to be solved numerically or the identification procedure need to be applied. It is shown that using the Lagrange's formalism and the electro-mechanical analogies for constructing the improved coupled mathematical models both the mechanics and electrics and electronics of the wheeled platforms and the installed board sensors and the measuring electronic transducers allows having the more information if processing of the measured signals will be on the basis of such improved mathematical models. It is considered the particular example of using the proposed approaches dealt with simulating and processing the measured electric signals from the board accelerometer installed on the four wheeled electro-mechanic platform. Due to this example it was shown that using of the improved mathematical models allows the significantly wider possibilities of accelerometer measuring, so that the different parameters can be estimated by means processing the direct accelerometer measures using the corresponded mathematical models. It was shown that, the most difficulties of identification problems for processing the measured signals from the board sensors installed on the wheeled platforms are due to inherent them the mathematical incorrectness according to Hadamard. The effectiveness of using the filtering of the results of processing the measured signals is shown for the considered particular example of the identification problem also.

关键词： data processing methods Simulation methods and programs

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Experimental 3-dimensional tracking of the dynamics of a single electron in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第12期16卷

作者： Romanov, A. Santucci, J. Stancari, G. Valishev, A. Kuklev, N. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab POB 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Univ Chicago Dept Phys Chicago IL 60637 USA

We present the results of experimental studies on the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of a single electron in the IOTA storage ring. IOTA is a flexible machine dedicated to beam physics experiments with electrons and protons. A method was developed to reliably inject and circulate a controlled number of electrons in the ring. A key beam diagnostic system is the set of sensitive high-resolution digital cameras for the detection of synchrotron light emitted by the electrons. With 60-130 electrons in the machine, we measured beam lifetime and derived an absolute calibration of the optical system. At exposure times of 0.5 s, the cameras were sensitive to individual electrons. Camera images were used to reconstruct the time evolution of oscillation amplitudes of a single electron in all 3 degrees of freedom. The evolution of amplitudes directly showed the interplay between synchrotron-radiation damping, quantum excitations, and scattering with the residual gas. From the distribution of measured single-electron oscillation amplitudes, we deduced transverse emittances, momentum spread, damping times, and beam energy. Estimates of residual-gas density and composition were calculated from the measured distributions of vertical scattering angles. Combining scattering and lifetime data, we also provide an estimate of the aperture of the ring. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the dynamics of a single electron are tracked in all three dimensions with digital cameras in a storage ring.

关键词： Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics, single-particle dynamics) Beam dynamics data processing methods Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy (linear accelerators, synchrotrons)

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Study on energy-loss compensation correction method for fission fragments

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第7期16卷

作者： Liu, C. Q. Hu, Z. M. Hu, Z. J. Xie, Q. Ma, Z. W. Huang, C. Han, C. Bai, X. H. Huo, D. Y. Wu, K. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, S. J. Li, W. M. Lu, X. L. Wang, J. R. Zhang, Y. Peng, R. Y. Yao, Z. E. Wei, Z. Lanzhou Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Tianshui South Rd 222 Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Engn Res Ctr Neutron Applicat Minist Educ Tianshui South Rd 222 Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China South China Nucl & Radiat Safety Reg Off Shenzhen 518034 Peoples R China

A new energy loss correction method, energy-loss compensation, was proposed and developed based on Monte-Carlo simulation. Differ from the traditional "extrapolation" method, this method not only takes into account the effect of the mass number of fission fragment on the energy loss, but also makes the experimental data available at large emission angle. In order to prove the reliability of energy-loss correction method, the difference of the energy loss between heavy and light FFs was firstly investigated in work. Moreover, this method was demonstrated with an example of the measurement on neutron-induced U-234 fission reaction. The result of corrected initial kinetic energy distribution was obtained and compared with the data from "extrapolation" method. For light FFs peak, the results from different methods are in good agreement. For heavy FFs peak, the result from our method has a larger peak position, value and smaller FWHM compared with the results from "extrapolation" method. The deviation of their peak position is about 1.04 MeV. In future, it may contribute to the study on the energy loss correction of the fission fragment in neutron-induced fission reaction.

关键词： data processing methods Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc.) Simulation methods and programs

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Maximum performance of strange-jet tagging at hadron colliders

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第8期16卷

作者： Erdmann, J. Nackenhorst, O. Zeissner, S. V. TU Dortmund Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 4 Otto Hahn Str 4a D-44227 Dortmund Germany

The maximum achievable performance of strange-jet tagging at hadron colliders and the loss in performance in different detector designs is estimated based on simulated truth jets from strange-quark and down-quark hadronisation. Both jet types are classified with a recurrent neural network using long short-term memory units, at first using all available truth particles and then applying selections to study the impacts of ideal tracking detectors, Cherenkov detectors, and calorimeters. Additionally, a manual reconstruction of strange hadron decays such as K-S -> pi(+)pi(-) from charged tracks is considered.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Particle identification methods

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Muon event localisation with AI

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & methods IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2021年 1001卷 165237-165237页

作者： Heredge, J. Archer, J. W. Duffy, A. R. Brown, J. M. C. Guatelli, S. Scutti, F. Krishnan, S. Webster, C. Swinburne Univ Technol Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp POB 218 Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia Univ Wollongong Ctr Med Radiat Phys Wollongong NSW Australia Delft Univ Technol Dept Radiat Sci & Technol Delft Netherlands Univ Melbourne Parkville Vic 3010 Australia Swinburne Univ Technol John St Hawthorn Vic Australia

Low-cost muon detectors utilising cheap plastic scintillators and a limited number of individual silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer a compelling approach to cheap experimental designs, provided the event localisation of a traversing particle can be accurately determined. In this theoretical work, we use Geant4 to simulate a diverse range of detector configurations, shapes and SiPM photosensors, predicting the light intensity received at a given SiPM. Testing a range of methods to localise muon events we determine that machine learning techniques outperform analytic models, and of these, a simple gradient boosted framework is the most reliably accurate localisation technique for our simulated scintillators. We find that a simple square scintillator outperforms other geometries and that AI performs, when applied to this shape, with a linear relationship between the positional accuracy of the event recovery and the average distance between photosensors around the detector perimeter.

关键词： Scintillators data processing methods Radiation calculations Detector design Particle tracking detectors (solid-state detectors)

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Developments in waveform unfolding of PMT signals in future IceCube extensions

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2021年第9期16卷

作者： Peterson, J. H. Univ Wisconsin Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Waveform unfolding, in which photomultiplier tube signals are expressed as a linear combination of single-photoelectron waveforms, is a useful processing method both for analysis and for data compression in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This processing is currently only possible with a cluster of computers on the surface, but improvements in embedded technology will make it possible to move this unfolding inside the digital optical modules for planned extensions of IceCube such as IceCube-Gen2. In order to meet power constraints, waveform unfolding is most efficiently implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). A non-negative least squares (NNLS) algorithm developed for use with FPGAs was modified to reproduce the results of the Lawson-Hanson NNLS algorithm that is currently used for waveform unfolding in IceCube. High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools were used to synthesize firmware directly from C code. This proceeding discusses the structure and performance of the modified NNLS algorithm that was developed, and demonstrates what can be accomplished with new FPGA synthesis tools.

关键词： data processing methods data reduction methods Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others) Neutrino detectors

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Readout system of the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2020年第9期15卷

作者： Finogeev, D. Karavicheva, T. Serebryakov, D. Tikhonov, A. Trzaska, W. H. Vozniuk, N. Inst Nucl Res RAS V-312 60 Letiya Oktyabrya Prospect 7a Moscow 117312 Russia Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Phys PB 35 YFL FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla Finland

The Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) detector will be essential for the operation of the ALICE experiment at CERN during Run 3 and 4 of the LHC. FIT will serve as an interaction trigger, luminometer, the first indicator of the vertex position, and the forward multiplicity counter. It will also provide the precise collision time for the TOF-based particle identification, yield the centrality and interaction plane for flow measurements, and measure cross sections of diffractive processes. In order to cope with an increased interaction rate of up to 1 MHz in proton-proton (pp) collisions and up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions, a new readout system for the ALICE FIT detector has been designed and implemented. FIT readout system is compatible both with the triggered and continuous (triggers-less) ALICE readout modes. The GBT-FPGA based FIT readout and trigger systems allow to stream data up to 5.5 MHz event rate with 3.2 Gbps data rate. The trigger processing time is only 225 ns. With the additional 200 ns delay along the connecting signal cables, the total latency of the FIT trigger is 425 ns.

关键词： data processing methods Front-end electronics for detector readout Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software)

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Improvement of a spectrum-to-dose conversion function for electronic personal dosimeters

Improvement of a spectrum-to-dose conversion function for el...

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21st International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors

作者： Park, K. Kim, J. Lim, K. T. Kim, G. Lee, M. Kim, H. Cho, G. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn 291 Daehak Ro Daejeon 34141 South Korea IRIS Co Ltd 193 Munji Ro Daejeon 34051 South Korea

For electronic personal dosimeters (EPDs) based on a spectroscopy system, it is necessary to accurately measure the dose in real-time from the gamma energy spectra. The method of spectrum-to-dose conversion is being used instead of the method of count-to-dose conversion. The G(E) function, a typical method of spectrum-to-dose conversion has been applied to various instruments due to its good dose measurement performance and the advantage of real-time measurements. In this manuscript, we present a method to increase the accuracy of G(E) function for the EPD consisting of a 3 x 3 mm(2) PIN diode coupled with a 3 x 3 x 3 mm(3) CsI(Tl) scintillator. The new G(E) function was calculated using the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) method based on Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed G(E) function is verified by comparison with the least-square method (LSM), which is the conventional method for calculating the G(E) function and with the gradient-descent method (GDM), which is the basis for the ADAM. The relative difference was acquired to compare the converted dose value using each G(E) function by using Am-241, Co-57, Na-22, Cs-137, Mn-54 and Co-60 radioisotopes. In addition, the energy response to Cs-137 of each G(E) function was obtained. The relative difference of G(E) function according to LSM, GDM, and ADAM was in the range of +/- 28.54, +/- 12.59, and +/- 9.9%, respectively, and the energy response to Cs-137 was 0.71 to 1, 0.87 to 1.02, and 0.9 to 1.03, respectively.

关键词： Dosimetry concepts and apparatus Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Models and simulations

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