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Computational microscopy with the PERCIVAL detector system at TwinMic beamline

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第1期20卷

作者： Guzzi, Francesco Gianoncelli, Alessandra Stebel, Luigi Giuressi, Dario Cautero, Giuseppe Borghes, Roberto Gregori, Iztok Bille, Fulvio Scarcia, Martin Bonanni, Valentina Zizic, Milan Hyun, Hyojung Nichols, William Correa, Jonathan Marras, Alessandro Wunderer, Cornelia B. Graafsma, Heinz Menk, Ralf Hendrik Kourousias, George Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA Str Statale 14 Trieste Italy Pohang Accelerator Lab PAL 80 Jigokro 127 Beongil Pohang South Korea Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus Diamond Light Source Didcot Oxon England Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY Notkestr 85 Hamburg Germany Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci CFEL Luruper Ch 149 Hamburg Germany Mid Sweden Univ S-85230 Sundsvall Holmgatan Sweden

PERCIVAL is a novel soft X-ray detection system designed for the needs of modern microscopy. By integrating it into the TwinMic end-station at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, we conducted an exploratory computational microscopy experiment on biological samples, aiming at evaluating the entire system in a real use-case scenario. We present the methodology to convert the RAW data and our high-resolution image reconstructions.

关键词： data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging X-ray detectors

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Study on joint de-noising method of ECG signals with improved CEEMDAN-wavelet thresholding and singular spectrum analysis

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第1期20卷

作者： Ge, Liang Ma, Yuhong Xiao, Xiaoting Cheng, Jixiang Li, Zhidan Qin, Wang Southwest Petr Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 610500 Peoples R China Southwest Petr Univ Sch Elect Engn & Informat Chengdu 610500 Peoples R China

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is often contaminated by various noises during acquisition and transmission, and the denoising effect directly affects the diagnosis of heart diseases. To improve the denoising effect, this paper proposes an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMDAN)-wavelet thresholding and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) denoising method. First, the noise-dominated high-frequency intrinsic mode function (IMF) identified using CEEMDAN;second, it is denoised to reduce high-frequency noise by the improved wavelet thresholding technique;and then, SSA is used to remove baseline wander (BW);finally, to verify the effectiveness of this denoising method, the root mean square error (RMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used as the evaluation criteria for the denoising effect and the standard MIT-BIH ECG noise database signals are used for verification. The validation results show that compared the existing ECG denoising methods, the denoising method improves the SNR by 39% 55% reduces the RMSE by 18% 42%. The method can be used as an effective tool for ECG signal denoising and provide a better basis for diagnosis in computerized automated medical systems.

关键词： data processing methods Medical-image reconstruction methods and algorithms, computer-aided diagnosis Bioinstrumentation

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Initial design of a real-time and an intershot bolometric data exploitation strategy for DTT

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第5期20卷 C05001-C05001页

作者： Peluso, E. Apruzzese, G. M. Belpane, A. Palomba, S. Senni, L. Giovannozzi, E. D'Agostino, V. Craciunescu, T. Gelfusa, M. Gaudio, P. Boncagni, L. CR ENEA Frascati ENEA Nucl Dept Via E Fermi 45 I-00044 Frascati RM Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Ind Engn Via Politecn 1 I-00133 Rome RM Italy Univ Padua Consorzio RFX CNR ENEAINFNAcciaierie Venete SpA I-35127 Padua Italy DTT SCarl Via E Fermi 45 I-00044 Frascati RM Italy CNR Inst Appl Math Mauro Picone IAC Via Taurini 19 I-00185 Rome RM Italy Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys Bucharest Romania

One of the milestones to be achieved in the design of the bolometric diagnostics for the new Italian Diver tor Tokamak Test (DTT) project is the estimation of the radiated power at the start of operation, i.e. the so-called first plasma, in order to perform various tasks ranging from scientific analysis and planning of the discharges to the feedback protection of the machine. In fact, real-time (RT) feedback control of the radiation pattern for prevention is both a delicate and important matter, for example in terms of mitigating and avoiding disruptions. It would therefore be desirable to monitor not only the total power emitted, but also the one emitted by the different regions of the plasma. This paper then focuses on showing the initial design of the main strategy for estimating the plasma radiation in two different situations: for RT control and for an inter-shot analysis. The first approach for RT then, is based on the estimation of the radiated power inside the first wall using specific lines of sight (LoS). Such estimates have been compared with those obtained from slower tomographic reconstructions of synthetic emissivity profiles (phantoms). Furthermore, a first design of the Region Of Interest (ROI) for a fast implementation of an already established macro-estimation of the radiated power in different locations of the main chamber is provided and the overall method is adapted for DTT. Regarding the design of the inter-shot data exploitation then, since tomographic reconstructions will most likely be available during an inter-shot basis, it is planned to provide a more accurate estimate of the radiated power from different locations of the device for a better design and tuning of the discharges. In order to achieve such a long-term goal, an initial strategy for adapting a maximum likelihood based algorithm for inter-shot analysis is described.

关键词： data processing methods Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging

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Method for the Correction of Spectral Distortions in X-Ray Photon-Counting Detectors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2025年 74卷

作者： Jumanazarov, Doniyor Atamurotov, Farruh Xudoynazarov, Egambergan Matyokubov, Khikmatjon Saparbaev, Rakhmon Abdikarimov, Xidoyat Olsen, Ulrik L. New Uzbekistan Univ Sch Engn Tashkent 100007 Uzbekistan Urgench State Univ Dept Phys Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Tashkent Univ Informat Technol Dept Telecommun Engn Urgench Branch Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Inha Univ Tashkent Dept Phys Tashkent 220100 Uzbekistan Univ Tashkent Appl Sci Dept Math Tashkent 100149 Uzbekistan Natl Res Univ TIIAME Informat Technol Dept Tashkent 100000 Uzbekistan Mamun Univ Dept Gen Profess Sci Khiva Uzbekistan Urgench State Pedag Inst Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Urgench State Univ Dept Phys Urgench Uzbekistan Urgench State Univ Dept Interfac Gen Tech Sci Urgench 220100 Uzbekistan Tech Univ Denmark DTU Phys DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Energy-resolved photon-counting detectors (PCD) present the ability to enhance material identification in different X-ray radiography and tomography systems employed for industrial and security applications. Their potential has been proven to be higher than the dual-energy scintillator detectors broadly used nowadays. However, detector effects, like photon pileup and charge sharing, distort the energy spectrum in PCDs. These effects lead to a significant performance deterioration of the PCDs when used for material identification where accurate measurements of multienergy linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) are needed. We have proposed a method that rapidly corrects the measured raw LAC curve for significant spectral distortions in the image reconstruction domain. This method is based on polynomial fitting independently for each energy channel. The method has been validated with experimental data, and the calibration of the method is based on attenuation measurements of common materials with usual laboratory X-ray sources, allowing the method to be employed in any X-ray instrument. The experiments present that the method largely enhances the extraction accuracy of the multienergy LACs, making it helpful for industrial, medical, and security purposes where PCDs are used.

关键词： Photonics Detectors Nonlinear distortion Distortion measurement II-VI semiconductor materials Fluorescence Cadmium compounds Accuracy Sensor phenomena and characterization Computed tomography data processing methods industrial medical and security applications multienergy X-ray computed tomography (CT) photon-counting detectors quantitative X-ray characterization

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A space-time tracking algorithm for high occupancy events at future colliders

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第4期20卷

作者： Casarsa, Massimo Jindariani, Sergo Ristori, Luciano INFN Sez Trieste via A Valerio 2 I-34127 Trieste Italy Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab POB 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA

We propose to explore the potential advantages of a new class of tracking algorithms loosely inspired by the Hough transform concept and where we include the time of arrival of each hit as an additional coordinate to be treated in the same way as a spatial coordinate. A remarkable property of this algorithm is that the execution time is proportional to the total number of hits to be processed, making it particularly attractive for high occupancy situations expected at future colliders. The particular structure of the algorithm also lends itself naturally to parallel hardware implementations which, combined to its intrinsic flexibility, should provide a powerful tool for triggering at future colliders. To probe the effectiveness of the algorithm, we apply it to a quasi-realistic simulated environment of a possible future muon collider experiment and report the performance.

关键词： data processing methods Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods Trigger algorithms

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Dynamic nonlinear error estimation and calibration for TIADC systems based on Volterra series

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第4期20卷

作者： Zhao, Yafeng Wang, Yusen Mei, Sitao Lian, Ke Qian, Lei Zhao, Yijiu Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Shenzhen Inst Adv Study Guanlan St Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Automat Engn Xiyuan Ave Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Agile Intelligence Computat Key Lab Sichuan Prov Shurong Rd Chengdu 610036 Peoples R China

The time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) is one of the most effective techniques to improve the sampling rate of the acquisition system. However, in TIADC systems, the nonlinear errors vary with respect to the input signal frequencies. Volterra series is widely used for nonlinear error calibration in TIADC systems, while the existing nonlinear calibration methods based on Volterra series have the defect of too many parameters, and the number of parameters will increase with the number of channels. For calibration, this means high complexity and difficult hardware implementation. To solve this problem, a simplified dynamic nonlinear calibration method is proposed in this paper. For TIADC systems with any channel, only one set of parameters are used for calibration, which greatly reduces the calibration complexity. Therefore, it is more easily to implement the calibration on hardware than traditional methods. The proposed approach is evaluated in a commercial 20 GSPS four-channel TIADC system, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： data processing methods data reduction methods Digital signal processing (DSP)

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Fast data packet sorting method based on FPGA on-chip RAM

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2025年第2期20卷 P02023-P02023页

作者： Jiang, Wei Zhang, Jian-Hua Cao, Xiao-Feng Yang, Bo Wang, Wen-Tao China Acad Engn Phys Inst Nucl Phys & Chem Mianyang 621900 Peoples R China Natl Key Lab Neutron Sci & Technol Mianyang 621900 Peoples R China

The study of fast sorting algorithms has long been an enduring research focus. Traditional sorting algorithms often suffer from high time complexity, typically staying at O(n2) or O (n x log2 n). Given the parallel processing advantages of field programmable gate array (FPGA), it has become a popular platform for algorithm acceleration. However, existing hardware sorting acceleration methods remain rooted in classical software algorithm models, merely leveraging hardware for parallel execution, without fully exploring the unique architecture and resources of FPGAs. In response, this paper proposes a fast sorting method that leverages on-chip random-access memory (RAM), uniquely tailored to FPGA characteristics. First, a mapping is established between the key fields of data packets and the on-chip RAM addresses. Then, the data packets are written into RAM based on this mapping, which also inevitably result in some RAM addresses being left empty. Next, a indicator register is maintained to dynamically track which RAM addresses are empty. Finally, the data packets are sequentially read from RAM addresses, and the indicator register helps skip empty addresses to enhance readout efficiency. Due to the inherent ordering of RAM addresses, the data packets become naturally ordered after read. Simulation results confirm that this method can reduce the time complexity to O(n), providing a novel solution for fast sorting in real-time data streams.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Digital signal processing (DSP) Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases)

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Micro-particle image velocimetry measurement of blood flow: validation and analysis of data pre-processing and processing methods

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012年第10期23卷 105302-105302页

作者： Pitts, K. L. Mehri, R. Mavriplis, C. Fenech, M. Univ Ottawa Dept Chem & Biol Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Mech Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

The intent of this paper is to investigate the application of a pre-processing method previously validated on glycerol to blood flows in microchannels and to compare the accuracy of results obtained when applied to a non-homogeneous fluid such as blood with results from previously applied processing methods for blood data. Comparisons of common processing methods are desired for a clear measure of accuracy in order to make recommendations for various flows. It is hypothesized that increasing the correlation window overlap improves the profile prediction. The amount of correlation window overlap and window shape in the processing of data have a significant effect on the results. Image pre-processing is explored to improve the correlation using the 'image overlapping' which is extended to the case of blood and the blood-specific pre-processing 'base-clipping' or 'thresholding' technique currently applied to blood. Both pre-processing methods are tested with multiple processing methods for two channel geometries: a straight rectangular channel and a Y-channel resulting in a controlled shear flow. The resulting profiles and calculations demonstrate that 'image-overlapping' is found to achieve a profile closer to the predicted theoretical profile than current blood pre-processing methods when both are applied to the same set of data and both are superior to conventional cross-correlation on its own. In all cases, pre-processing decreases the smoothness of the predicted profile. The use of 'image-overlapping' is shown to have greater accuracy when calculating the shear rate at the wall of the channel as well.

关键词： micro-particle image velocimetry data processing methods blood red blood cells cross-correlation image overlapping thresholding

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data analysis methods and applications of the eddy current diagnostic system in the Keda Torus eXperiment device

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第1期19卷 P01004页

作者： Chen, Zheng Tao, Zhen Yolbarsop, Adil Li, Hong Zhang, Yuan Yan, Wentan Rao, Xianhao Ren, Shunrong Tian, Furen Mao, Wenzhe Wei, Zian Liu, Zixi Zhou, Chu Liu, Adi Lan, Tao Xie, Jinlin Zhou, Haiyang Wen, Xiaohui Wang, Hai Zhuang, Ge Xiao, Chijin Ding, Weixing Liu, Wandong Univ Sci & Technol China KTX Lab 443 Huangshan Rd Hefei Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Plasma Phys & Fus Engn 443 Huangshan Rd Hefei Anhui Peoples R China Univ Saskatchewan Plasma Phys Lab Saskatoon SK Canada

Since the establishment of the eddy current diagnostic system within the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) device, it has unveiled many applications. Recent developments have introduced innovative data analysis techniques alongside compelling experimental results, underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive summary of the system's data analysis approaches and broad applications. Notable features of the system encompass exceptional precision, the ability to encompass shell currents on the entirety of the closed boundary, vector detection of shell currents, and measurement of diverse physical quantities. In terms of data analysis methodologies, meticulous scrutiny of the null field region is conducted, and we reveal a distinctive characteristic within the complex shell current signals, namely the asymmetry of the amplitudes of +/- n Fourier coefficients. Moreover, the Hodge decomposition emerges as a pivotal technique, allowing for the distinctive separation of shell currents into three orthogonal components based on their distinct spatial topological properties. With regard to practical applications, an in-depth examination of the vector potential and magnetic helicity flux densities are presented in detail, further highlighting the far-reaching utility of the system's capabilities.

关键词： data processing methods Plasma diagnostics - probes

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Calibration method and photon flux influences tiled flat-panel photon counting detector image uniformity in computed tomography

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2020年第8期15卷

作者： Inkinen, S. I. Juntunen, M. A. K. Kotiaho, A. Nieminen, M. T. Univ Oulu Res Unit Med Imaging Phys & Technol Aapistie 5A FI-90220 Oulu Finland Univ Oulu Med Res Ctr Aapistie 5A FI-90220 Oulu Finland Oulu Univ Hosp Aapistie 5A FI-90220 Oulu Finland Oulu Univ Hosp Dept Diagnost Radiol POB 50 FI-90029 Oulu Finland

The aim of this study is to compare how different calibration methods influence the image quality of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) at high and low photon fluxes. We investigate the performance of flat-field correction, signal-to-equivalent thickness calibration (STC), and polynomial correction (PC) methods using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and iron as calibration materials. Two different cylindrical imaging phantoms containing contrast targets were scanned: an agar phantom and a phantom consisting of titanium hip implant embedded in agar. The scans were acquired using 120 kVp, and the energy thresholds of the PCD were set at 10 keV and 60 keV to obtain low energy (10-60 keV), high energy (60-120 keV) and total energy images (10-120 keV). Additionally, virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) with energies between 60-180 keV with 20 keV increments were generated from PC data. The reconstructions were made using filtered back projection, and image quality was assessed by evaluating image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image uniformity. Overall, STC with PMMA as calibration material yielded the best image quality in terms of CNR and uniformity. Flat-field correction produced uniform reconstruction at low photon flux, but the performance degraded substantially at high flux. STC with iron as calibration material did not improve the reconstructions of the titanium hip implant. The beam hardening effects arising from metal were reduced when the VMI energy was increased while the CNR evaluated from agar phantom decreased with increasing energy of the VMI. Over the methods investigated, STC with PMMA was the most optimal calibration method for PCD-CT, yielding excellent image uniformity with both photon flux conditions.

关键词： Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging X-ray detectors

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