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Studies of correlations between measurements of jet observables

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2017年第4期12卷 P04013-P04013页

作者： Verbytskyi, A. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys Werner Heisenberg Inst Foringer Ring 6 D-80805 Munich Germany

We present a method for calculation of statistical correlations between measured jet observables in high energy collisions. The case of measurements of jet rates in e(+)e(-) collisions is considered in detail. The met... 详细信息

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods data reduction methods

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High-statistics image generation from sparse radiation images by four types of machine-learning models

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2020年第10期15卷

作者： Sato, S. Kataoka, J. Kotoku, J. Taki, M. Oyama, A. Tagawa, L. Fujieda, K. Nishi, F. Toyoda, T. Waseda Univ Shinju Ku 3-4-1 Ohkubo Tokyo Japan Teikyo Univ 2-11-1 Kaga Tokyo Tokyo Japan Rikkyo Univ 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro Toshima Tokyo Japan

With the development of nuclear medicine diagnostics and treatment, the demand for image processing techniques has been increasing. Although single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are most common, the energy ranges they permit for imaging are limited to either below 300 keV (SPECT) or to 511 keV gamma rays (PET). Recently, Compton cameras have attracted attention, owing to their wide energy range, which stretches from a few hundred keV to several MeV. In this study, we performed Compton camera image processing using four machine-learning (ML) techniques: dictionary learning, U-Net, SRGAN, and AUTOMAP. With these techniques, we tried to reduce the artifacts caused by the sparsity of statistics and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Thus, these ML models were trained using image pairs reconstructed from high- and low-statistics images. As a result, we succeeded in generating images similar to the ground truth from low-statistics images. We argue that this technique can be applied not only to Compton camera images but also to other radiation imaging devices. As a future perspective, we mention the possibility of applying our imaging and processing technique to in vivo imaging of alpha-particle internal therapy.

关键词： Compton imaging data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging Image filtering

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Improving the spatial resolution of a soft X-ray Charge Coupled Device used for Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2011年第11期6卷

作者： Soman, M. R. Hall, D. J. Tutt, J. H. Murray, N. J. Holland, A. D. Schmitt, T. Raabe, J. Schmitt, B. Open Univ Ctr Elect Imaging E2V Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Bucks England Paul Scherrer Inst CH-5232 Villigen Switzerland

The Super Advanced X-ray Emission Spectrometer (SAXES) at the Advanced Resonant Scattering (ADRESS) beamline of the Swiss Light Source is a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer used as an end station for Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering from 400 eV to 1600 eV. Through the dispersion of photons across a CCD, the energy of scattered photons may be determined by their detected spatial position. The limiting factor of the energy resolution is currently the spatial resolution achieved with the CCD, reported at 24 mu m FWHM. For this energy range the electron clouds are formed by interactions in the 'field free' region of the back-illuminated CCD. These clouds diffuse in all directions whilst being attracted to the electrodes, leading to events that are made up of signals in multiple pixels. The spreading of the charge allows centroiding techniques to be used to improve the CCD spatial resolution and therefore improve the energy resolution of SAXES. The PolLux microscopy beamline at the SLS produces an X-ray beam with a diameter of 20 nm. The images produced from scanning the narrow beam across CCD pixels (13.5 x 13.5 mu m(2)) can aid in the production of event recognition algorithms, allowing the matching of event profiles to photon interactions in a specific region of a pixel. Through the use of this information software analysis can be refined with the aim of improving the energy resolution.

关键词： data processing methods Solid state detectors X-ray detectors Spectrometers

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Reflectometric measurement of plasma imaging and applications

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2012年第1期7卷 C01089-C01089页

作者： Mase, A. Ito, N. Oda, M. Komada, Y. Nagae, D. Zhang, D. Kogi, Y. Tobimatsu, S. Maruyama, T. Shimazu, H. Sakata, E. Sakai, F. Kuwahara, D. Yoshinaga, T. Tokuzawa, T. Nagayama, Y. Kawahata, K. Yamaguchi, S. Tsuji-lio, S. Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Park, H. K. Yun, G. Lee, W. Padhi, S. Kim, K. W. Kyushu Univ Art Sci & Technol Ctr Cooperat Res Kasuga Fukuoka 8168580 Japan Kyushu Hitachi Maxell Ltd Fukuoka 8221296 Japan Miyazaki Prefecture Ind Technol Ctr Miyazaki 8800303 Japan Fukuoka Inst Technol Dept Informat Elect Fukuoka 8110295 Japan Kyushu Univ Fac Med Sci Fukuoka 8128582 Japan Sakura Tech Corp Kawasaki Kanagawa 2130012 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Grad Sch Sci & Engn Tokyo 1528550 Japan Natl Inst Fus Sci Toki Gifu 5095292 Japan Kansai Univ Fac Engn Sci Suita Osaka 5648680 Japan Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Phys Pohang 790784 South Korea Curtin Univ Int Ctr Radio Astron Res Bentley WA 6102 Australia Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Taegu 702701 South Korea

Progress in microwave and millimeter-wave technologies has made possible advanced diagnostics for application to various fields, such as, plasma diagnostics, radio astronomy, alien substance detection, airborne and spaceborne imaging radars called as synthetic aperture radars, living body measurements. Transmission, reflection, scattering, and radiation processes of electromagnetic waves are utilized as diagnostic tools. In this report we focus on the reflectometric measurements and applications to biological signals (vital signal detection and breast cancer detection) as well as plasma diagnostics, specifically by use of imaging technique and ultra-wideband radar technique.

关键词： data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging

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Particle identification with machine learning from incomplete data in the ALICE experiment

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第7期19卷 C07013页

作者： Karwowska, Maja Graczykowski, Lukasz Deja, Kamil Kasak, Milosz Janik, Malgorzata Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys Koszykowa 75 PL-00662 Warsaw Poland CERN European Org Nucl Res Espl Particules 1 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Elect & Informat Technol Nowowiejska 15-19 PL-00665 Warsaw Poland IDEAS NCBR Chmielna 69 PL-00801 Warsaw Poland

The ALICE experiment at the LHC measures properties of the strongly interacting matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Such studies require accurate particle identification (PID). ALICE provides PID information via several detectors for particles with momentum from about 100 MeV/c up to 20 GeV/c. Traditionally, particles are selected with rectangular cuts. A much better performance can be achieved with machine learning (ML) methods. Our solution uses multiple neural networks (NN) serving as binary classifiers. Moreover, we extended our particle classifier with Feature Set Embedding and attention in order to train on data with incomplete samples. We also present the integration of the ML project with the ALICE analysis software, and we discuss domain adaptation, the ML technique needed to transfer the knowledge between simulated and real experimental data.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods Particle identification methods

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Small Dosimeter based on Timepix device for International Space Station

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2011年第12期6卷 C12037-C12037页

作者： Turecek, D. Pinsky, L. Jakubek, J. Vykydal, Z. Stoffle, N. Pospisil, S. Czech Tech Univ Inst Expt & Appl Phys Prague 12800 Czech Republic Univ Houston Houston TX 77004 USA

The radiation environment in space is different, more complex and more intense than on Earth. Conventional devices and detection methods used nowadays do not allow to discriminate single particle types and the energy of the single particles. The Timepix detector is a position sensitive pixelated detector developed at CERN in a frame of the Medipix collaboration that provides capability to visualize tracks and measure energy of single particles. This information can be used for sorting the particles into different categories. It is possible to distinguish light charged particles such as electrons or heavy charged particles such as ions. Moreover, the Linear Energy Transfer ( LET) for charged particles can be determined. Each category is assigned a quality factor corresponding to the energy a particle would deposit in the human tissue. By summing the dose of all particles an estimate of the dose rate can be calculated. For space dosimetry purposes a miniature device with the Timepix detector and a custom made integrated USB based readout interface has been constructed. The entire device has dimensions of a USB flash memory stick. The whole compact device is connected to a control PC and is operated continuously. The PC runs a software that controls data acquisition, adjusts the acquisition time adaptively according to the particle rate, analyzes the particle tracks, evaluates the deposited energy and the LET and visualizes in a simple display the estimated dose rate. The performance of the device will be tested during a mission on International Space Station planned towards the beginning of year 2012.

关键词： data processing methods Dosimetry concepts and apparatus Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases)

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Recent developments on techniques for differential phase imaging at the medical beamline of ELETTRA

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2013年第6期8卷 C06001-C06001页

作者： Arfelli, F. Pelliccia, D. Cedola, A. Astolfo, A. Bukreeva, I. Cardarelli, P. Dreossi, D. Lagomarsino, S. Longo, R. Rigon, L. Sodini, N. Menk, R. H. Univ Trieste Dept Phys I-34127 Trieste Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Monash Univ Sch Phys Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Ist Foton & Nanotecnol CNR I-00156 Rome Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Roma 1 I-00185 Rome Italy Australian Synchrotron Co Ltd Clayton Vic 3168 Australia Univ Ferrara Dept Phys I-44121 Ferrara Italy Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sez Ferrara I-44121 Ferrara Italy Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA Trieste Italy UOS CNR Ist Processi Chim Fisici I-00185 Rome Italy

Over the last decade different phase contrast approaches have been exploited at the medical beamline SYRMEP of the synchrotron radiation facility Elettra in Trieste, Italy. In particular special focus has been drawn to analyzer based imaging and the associated imaging theory and processing. Analyzer based Imaging (ABI) and Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) techniques have been successfully applied in several biomedical applications. Recently it has been suggested to translate the acquired knowledge in this field towards a Thomson Backscattering Source (TBS), which is presently under development at the Frascati National Laboratories of INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) in Rome, Italy. Such source is capable of producing intense and quasi-monochromatic hard X-ray beams. For the technical implementation of biomedical phase imaging at the TBS a grating interferometer for differential phase contrast imaging has been designed and successfully tested at SYRMEP beamline.

关键词： data processing methods Image reconstruction in medical imaging X-ray radiography and digital radiography (DR) X-ray mammography and scinto- and MRI-mammography

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A fast OS-type Bayesian reconstruction with an edge-preserving median prior

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2009年第7期4卷 P07012-P07012页

作者： Hsiao, I. -T. Huang, H. -M. Lin, K. -J. Chang Gung Univ Dept Med Imaging & Radiol Sci Kwei Shan Tao Yuan 333 Taiwan Chang Gung Mem Hosp Mol Imaging Ctr Kwei Shan Tao Yuan 333 Taiwan Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Biomed Engn Cleveland OH 44106 USA

We have previously proposed a new median prior ( MP) with edge-preserving and local monotonic properties using preconditioned conjugate gradient reconstruction algorithm (PCGMP). In our experience, PCG-MP is difficult to implement, and complex to adjust the hyper-parameters. To solve these problems, we applied a separable paraboloidal surrogate (SPS) [ 3] to MP and combined with a fast convergent OS-type algorithm, called COSEM. Based on preliminary studies, the new algorithm, MAPCOSEM-MP, showed similar performances in preserving edges as PCG-MP but the algorithm and the hyper-parameters of MAPCOSEM-MP is easier to tune up. To evaluate further the performance of MAPCOSEM-MP, we conducted the bias-variance studies using two phantoms with different conditions and then compared with MAPCOSEM-MM ( smoothing membrane prior). The preliminary results show that MP performs better for larger ROIs, while compatible to those of MM in smaller ROIs.

关键词： Image reconstruction in medical imaging data processing methods

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Improving noise characteristics using a modified image pyramid with guided filtering and Bayesian shrinkage threshold in low-dose animal radiography

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第3期19卷 C03011页

作者： Kim, Woosung Shim, Jiyong Lim, Younghwan Cho, Hyosung Han, Taehee Yonsei Univ Dept Radiat Convergence Engn 1 Yonseidae Gil Wonju 26493 South Korea Woorien Co 13 Samsung 1 Ro 2 Gil Hwaseong Si 18449 Gyeong Do South Korea

Radiography is a commonly used diagnostic tool in animal practice to provide clinical information. The recent market for animal radiography is rapidly growing owing to the increasing awareness of the welfare of companion animals and the expansion of animal clinics. As the clinical use of radiography in animal hospitals has grown rapidly, radiologists continuously seek ways to reduce the radiation dose to animals. This study proposes an effective noise removal method using a modified image pyramid with guided filtering and Bayesian shrinkage threshold for low -dose animal radiography. This study aims to model a modified image pyramid -based denoising algorithm and to confirm its applicability in an animal radiographic system. We conducted an experiment on a companion dog and cat using a commercially -available veterinary radiographic system and quantitatively evaluated the image quality using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The PSNR and SSIM values measured in the denoised image of the dog using the proposed denoising algorithm were 39.54 and 0.96, respectively, which are improvements of approximately 11.3% and 5.5% of the values obtained in the original noisy image. Consequently, the proposed method is highly efficient in reducing image noise in animal radiography, thereby improving the image quality.

关键词： Image filtering data reduction methods data processing methods

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A wavelength-shifting-fibre-based scintillator neutron detector implemented with the median point calculation method

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2012年第02期7卷 C02003-C02003页

作者： Nakamura, T. Kawasaki, T. Hosoya, T. Toh, K. Ebine, M. Birumachi, A. Sakasai, K. Soyama, K. Katagiri, M. Japan Atom Energy Agcy Mat & Life Sci Div J PARC Ctr Naka Ibaraki 3191195 Japan Ibaraki Univ Coll Engn Hitachi Ibaraki 3160033 Japan Japan Atom Energy Agcy Mech Engn & Elect Sect Nucl Sci Res Inst Naka Ibaraki 3191195 Japan

Median point calculation (MPC) method for scintillator neutron detectors operating in photon-counting mode has been developed. The method was applied to a wavelength-shifting (WLS)-fibre-based neutron detector in order to improve its pixel size and spatial resolution. The original detector was modified for a demonstration experiment performed using the SENJU neutron diffraction instrument at J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex). The detector head comprised 64 x 2 WLS fibres arranged in the x and y directions at a pitch of 4 mm. The WLS fibres were sandwiched between two ZnS/(B2O3)-B-10 scintillator screens. The developed MPC method used the number of photons detected by each WLS fibre as a weight when calculating the positions of neutrons. The test detector implemented with the MPC method demonstrated that the effective pixel size and the spatial resolution were improved to 2 mm, corresponding to half the pitch of the WLS fibres.

关键词： data processing methods Neutron diffraction detectors Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons)

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