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Tumor dosimetry for I-131 trastuzumab therapy in a Her2+NCI N87 xenograft mouse model using the Siemens SYMBIA E gamma camera with a pinhole collimator

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第7期10卷 2015 JINST 10 P07001-2015 JINST 10 P07001页

作者： Lee, Young Sub Kim, Jin Su Cho, Kyung Deuk Kang, Joo Hyun Lim, Sang Moo KIRAMS Mol Imaging Res Ctr Seoul South Korea KINS Dept Med Radiat Safety Div Radiat Regulat Taejon South Korea

We performed imaging and therapy using I-131 trastuzumab and a pinhole collimator attached to a conventional gamma camera for human use in a mouse model. The conventional clinical gamma camera with a 2-mm radius-sized pinhole collimator was used for monitoring the animal model after administration of I-131 trastuzumab The highest and lowest radiation-received organs were osteogenic cells (0.349 mSv/MBq) and skin (0.137 mSv/MBq), respectively. The mean coefficients of variation (%CV) of the effective dose equivalent and effective dose were 0.091 and 0.093 mSv/MBq respectively. We showed the feasibility of the pinholeattached conventional gamma camera for human use for the assessment of dosimetry. Mouse dosimetry and prediction of human dosimetry could be used to provide data for the safety and efficacy of newly developed therapeutic schemes.

关键词： data processing methods Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR)

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Evaluation and reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in small animal SPECT with GATE

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第9期10卷 T09003-T09003页

作者： Lee, C. -L. Park, S. -J. Kim, H. -J. Yonsei Univ Coll Hlth Sci Dept Radiol Sci Wonju 220710 Gangwon South Korea

The degradation of image quality caused by respiration is a major impediment to accurate lesion detection in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of lung motion on image quantification. A small animal SPECT system with NaI(Tl) was modeled in the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) simulation for a lung lesion using a 4D mouse whole-body phantom. SPECT images were obtained using 120 projection views acquired from 0 degrees to 360 degrees with a 3 degrees step. Slices were reconstructed using ordered subsets expectation maximization (OS-EM) without attenuation correction with five iterations and four subsets. Image quality was compared between the static mode without respiratory motion, and dynamic mode with respiratory motion in terms of spatial resolution was measured by the full width at half maximum (FWHM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The FWHM of the non-gated image and the respiratory gated image were also compared. Spatial resolution improved as activity increased and lesion diameter decreased in the static and dynamic modes. The SNR and CNR increased significantly as lesion activity increased and lesion diameter decreased. Our results show that respiratory motion leads to reduced contrast and quantitative accuracy and that image quantification depends on both the amplitude and the pattern of the respiratory motion. We verified that respiratory motion can have a major effect on the accuracy of measurement of lung lesions and that respiratory gating can reduce activity smearing on SPECT images.

关键词： data processing methods Simulation methods and programs Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA)

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A software package for the full GBTX lifecycle

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第03期10卷 C03035-C03035页

作者： Feger, S. Baron, S. Marin, M. Barros Leitao, P. Moreira, P. Porret, D. Wyllie, K. CERN CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland

This work presents the software environment surrounding the GBTX. The GBTX is a high speed bidirectional ASIC, implementing radiation hard optical links for high-energy physics experiments. Having more than 300 8-bit configuration registers, it poses challenges addressed by a wide variety of software components. This paper focuses on the software used for characterization as well as radiation and production testing of the GBTX. It also highlights tools made available to the designers and users, enabling them to create customized configurations. The paper shows how storing data for the full GBTX lifecycle is planned to ensure a good quality tracking of their devices.

关键词： data processing methods Software architectures (event data models, frameworks and databases) Simulation methods and programs Radiation-hard electronics

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Improvement in data processing of Thomson scattering diagnostic on HL-2A tokamak

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第12期10卷

作者： Liu, C. H. Wang, Y. Q. Feng, Z. Huang, Y. Southwest Inst Phys POB 432 Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

There are two types of digitizers to acquire the values of Thomson scattering signals in HL-2A tokamak. One is charge-sensitive analogue-to-digital converters (Q-ADCs) which simply integrates the signal over a gate interval, and the other is transient recorders with 12 bits resolution and 1 GHz sampling rate at each channel. Because the Thomson scattering diagnostic is prone to electrical noisy environment, in which Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and polychromators are located closely to the HL-2A device, the high speed transient digitizers are found helpful to reduce noise overlapped in Thomson scattering signals. After triggered by the front of TTL pulse generated by laser light, data acquisition is fulfilled from -250 ns to 250 ns, so that the temporal evolution of Thomson scattering signals is obtained. A Gaussian function is utilized to fit the pulse shape of the digitized scattering signal by nonlinear least square methods. By pulse fitting and data processing, the influence of background perturbations is substantially reduced.

关键词： data processing methods Digital signal processing (DSP) Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging

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The development of a general purpose ARM-based processing unit for the ATLAS TileCal sROD

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第01期10卷 C01007-C01007页

作者： Cox, M. A. Reed, R. Mellado, B. Univ Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

After Phase-II upgrades in 2022, the data output from the LHC ATLAS Tile Calorimeter will increase significantly. ARM processors are common in mobile devices due to their low cost, low energy consumption and high performance. It is proposed that a cost-effective, high data throughput processing Unit (PU) can be developed by using several consumer ARM processors in a cluster configuration to allow aggregated processing performance and data throughput while maintaining minimal software design difficulty for the end-user. This PU could be used for a variety of high-level functions on the high-throughput raw data such as spectral analysis and histograms to detect possible issues in the detector at a low level. High-throughput I/ O interfaces are not typical in consumer ARM System on Chips but high data throughput capabilities are feasible via the novel use of PCI-Express as the I/O interface to the ARM processors. An overview of the PU is given and the results for performance and throughput testing of four different ARM Cortex System on Chips are presented.

关键词： data processing methods Computing (architecture, farms, GRID for recording storage, archiving, and distribution of data)

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Handling uncertainties in background shapes: the discrete profiling method

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2015年第4期10卷 P04015-P04015页

作者： Dauncey, P. D. Kenzie, M. Wardle, N. Davies, G. J. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Phys London SW7 2AZ England CERN CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland

A common problem in data analysis is that the functional form, as well as the parameter values, of the underlying model which should describe a dataset is not known a priori. In these cases some extra uncertainty must be assigned to the extracted parameters of interest due to lack of exact knowledge of the functional form of the model. A method for assigning an appropriate error is presented. The method is based on considering the choice of functional form as a discrete nuisance parameter which is profiled in an analogous way to continuous nuisance parameters. The bias and coverage of this method are shown to be good when applied to a realistic example.

关键词： Analysis and statistical methods data processing methods

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Performance of the BGO endcap calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector

Performance of the BGO endcap calorimeter of the CMD-3 detec...

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International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics

作者： Akhmetshin, R. R. Grigoriev, D. N. Kazanin, V. F. Kuzmenko, A. E. Yudin, Yu. V. Budker Inst Nucl Phys Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Novosibirsk State Tech Univ Novosibirsk 630073 Russia

The BGO endcap calorimeter was successfully operated in the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M collider. It consists of 680 BGO crystals, each with a size of 25 x 25 x 150 mm(3), arranged in two identical endcaps, with a total crystal weight of 450 kg. The light readout used vacuum phototriodes. The endcap calorimeter has been upgraded to operate in the CMD-3 detector at the new collider VEPP-2000. The major part of the endcap calorimeter, the BGO crystals, remains the same. The main upgrade is the use of silicon PIN photodiodes and new electronics. The main reason to change a photosensitive device is the strong non-uniform magnetic field in the endcap calorimeter volume and reduced available space. The Hamamatsu PIN photodiode S3590-08 was chosen as an optimal solution, as it is insensitive to magnetic fields and is both compact and stable. An order of magnitude larger capacitance of silicon photodiodes requires design and produce new custom electronics. The upgrade is expected to bring an overall improvement of parameters. The endcap calorimeter has been installed in the detector and participates in data taking which started in 2010. The preliminary energy resolution is measured in the energy range 160-1000 MeV. It is better to compare to the CMD-2 detector.

关键词： data processing methods Calorimeters Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)

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Investigation on the directional dark-field signals from paperboards using a grating interferometer

Investigation on the directional dark-field signals from pap...

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15th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors

作者： Reza, S. Pelzer, G. Weber, T. Frojdh, C. Bayer, F. Anton, G. Rieger, J. Thim, J. Michel, T. Norlin, B. Mid Sweden Univ Dept Elect Holmgatan 10 S-85170 Sundsvall Sweden Univ Erlangen Nurnberg ECAP D-91058 Erlangen Germany

Recent advancements in the grating interferometer based Phase Contrast X-ray Imaging (PCXI) technique enables high quality dark-field images to be obtained using conventional X-ray tubes. The dark-field images map the scattering inhomogeneities inside objects. Since, the dark-field image is constructed by considering only those photons which are scattered while passing through the objects, it can reveal useful information about the object inner structures, such as, the fibre structures inside paperboards. The end-use performance of paperboards, such as the printing quality and the stiffness depends on the uniformity in the thickness and the structures of the coating layer of the paperboards. The uniformity in the coating layer is determined by the coating techniques, the coating materials and the topography of the base sheet. In this article, the dark-field signals from four paperboard samples with different quality indices are analysed. The isotropic and the anisotropic scattering coefficients for all of the samples have been calculated. Based on the correlation between the isotropic coefficients and the quality indices of the paperboards, a new method for paperboard quality measurement has been suggested.

关键词： Inspection with x-rays Interferometry data processing methods X-ray detectors

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Reference analysis of the signal plus background model in counting experiments II. Approximate reference prior

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2014年第10期9卷 T10006-T10006页

作者： Casadei, D. HNW Sch Engn CH-5210 Windisch Switzerland UCL Dept Phys & Astron London WC1E 6BT England

The objective Bayesian treatment of a model representing two independent Poisson processes, labelled as "signal" and "background" and both contributing additively to the total number of counted events, is considered. It is shown that the reference prior for the parameter of interest (the signal intensity) can be well approximated by the widely (ab) used flat prior only when the expected background is very high. On the other hand, a very simple approximation (the limiting form of the reference prior for perfect prior background knowledge) can be safely used over a large portion of the background parameters space. The resulting approximate reference posterior is a Gamma density whose parameters are related to the observed counts. This limiting form is simpler than the result obtained with a flat prior, with the additional advantage of representing a much closer approximation to the reference posterior in all cases. Hence such limiting prior should be considered a better default or conventional prior than the uniform prior. On the computing side, it is shown that a 2-parameter fitting function is able to reproduce extremely well the reference prior for any background prior. Thus, it can be useful in applications requiring the evaluation of the reference prior for a very large number of times.

关键词： data processing methods Analysis and statistical methods

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Fast GPU-based spot extraction for energy-dispersive X-ray Laue diffraction

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2014年第11期9卷 T11003-T11003页

作者： Alghabi, F. Send, S. Schipper, U. Abboud, A. Pashniak, N. Pietsch, U. Kolb, A. Univ Siegen Inst Vis & Graph D-57076 Siegen Germany Univ Siegen D-57072 Siegen Germany

This paper describes a novel method for fast online analysis of X-ray Laue spots taken by means of an energy-dispersive X-ray 2D detector. Current pnCCD detectors typically operate at some 100 Hz (up to a maximum of 400Hz) and have a resolution of 384 x 384 pixels, future devices head for even higher pixel counts and frame rates. The proposed online data analysis is based on a computer utilizing multiple Graphics processing Units (GPUs), which allow for fast and parallel data processing. Our multi-GPU based algorithm is compliant with the rules of stream-based data processing, for which GPUs are optimized. The paper's main contribution is therefore an alternative algorithm for the determination of spot positions and energies over the full sequence of pnCCD data frames. Furthermore, an improved background suppression algorithm is presented. The resulting system is able to process data at the maximum acquisition rate of 400 Hz. We present a detailed analysis of the spot positions and energies deduced from a prior (single-core) CPU-based and the novel GPU-based data processing, showing that the parallel computed results using the GPU implementation are at least of the same quality as prior CPU-based results. Furthermore, the GPU-based algorithm is able to speed up the data processing by a factor of 7 (in comparison to single-core CPU-based algorithm) which effectively makes the detector system more suitable for online data processing.

关键词： data processing methods Pattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methods Analysis and statistical methods

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