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Intracortical brain-computer interfaces in primates: a review and outlook

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LETTERS 2023年第3期13卷 375-390页

作者： Rouzitalab, Alireza Boulay, Chadwick B. Park, Jeongwon Sachs, Adam J. Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Ottawa Hosp Res Inst Ottawa ON Canada Univ Nevada Dept Elect & Biomed Engn Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Ottawa Brain & Mind Res Inst Ottawa ON Canada Ottawa Hosp Dept Surg Div Neurosurg Ottawa ON Canada

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) translate brain signals into artificial output to restore or replace natural central nervous system (CNS) functions. Multiple processes, including sensorimotor integration, decision-making, motor planning, execution, and updating, are involved in any movement. For example, a BCI may be better able to restore naturalistic motor behaviors if it uses signals from multiple brain areas and decodes natural behaviors' cognitive and motor aspects. This review provides an overview of the preliminary information necessary to plan a BCI project focusing on intracortical implants in primates. Since the brain structure and areas of non-human primates (NHP) are similar to humans, exploring the result of NHP studies will eventually benefit human BCI studies. The different types of BCI systems based on the target cortical area, types of signals, and decoding methods will be discussed. In addition, various successful state-of-the-art cases will be reviewed in more detail, focusing on the general algorithm followed in the real-time system. Finally, an outlook for improving the current BCI research studies will be debated.

关键词： Brain-computer interfaces BCI Motor Cortex Decision-Making Prefrontal Cortex Intention Estimation decoding methods

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Network coding schemes with efficient LDPC coded MIMO-NOMA in two-way relay networks

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第2期14卷 337-348页

作者： Hlaing, Ngu War Farzamnia, Ali Mariappan, Muralindran Haldar, Manas Kumar Univ Malaysia Sabah Fac Engn Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

The combination of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) approaches has been considered as assuring multiple access for the fifth generation technology. In this study, the performance of a $2\times 2$2x2 MIMO-NOMA system with low-density parity check (LDPC) codes is investigated. Redundancy with randomly interleaved differential encoding (R-RIDE) is proposed and applied to LDPC encoded messages by two users. LDPC decoding is done using the sum-product algorithm (SPA), which has two types of decoding methods, hard-decision and soft-decision. For hard-decision, bit-flipping decoder is used and for soft-decision, probability domain, log-domain, and simplified log-domain decoders are used. Bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in (dB) and average mutual information (AMI) in (bps/Hz) versus SNR (dB) are evaluated to compare the performance of the proposed and conventional LDPC schemes in NOMA and MIMO-NOMA systems. Simulation results show that both AMI and BER of the proposed LDPC-R-RIDE in MIMO-NOMA system greatly outperforms conventional LDPC coded schemes in NOMA and MIMO-NOMA systems. Moreover, the proposed R-RIDE-LDPC in MIMO-NOMA system outperforms the proposed scheme in the NOMA system. From the simulation results, LDPC-R-RIDE with simplified log-domain decoder has the best AMI result and BER performance compared with other decoding methods.

关键词： encoding error statistics decoding MIMO communication parity check codes network coding schemes efficient LDPC nonorthogonal multiple access multiinput multioutput approaches $2\times 2$2x2 MIMO-NOMA low-density parity check codes LDPC encoded messages exclusive-OR coded information LDPC decoding decoding methods hard-decision decoding soft-decision decoding bit-flipping decoder simplified log-domain decoders R-RIDE-LDPC conventional LDPC MIMO-NOMA system LDPC-R-RIDE simplified log-domain decoding

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ERROR-CORRECTING CODING FOR BANKING DOCUMENT BAR CODES

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1986年第5期22卷 269-271页

作者： REDINBO, R HEMMANN, J BURROUGHS CORP PLYMOUTHMI 48170

Bar codes, used for the automatic processing of financial payment records, may be protected by extended Reed-Solomon codes over prime field alphabets. New decoding methods which handle both random and erasure errors a... 详细信息

关键词： decoding methods error correction codes banking document bar codes Reed-Solomon codes Error-correction codes Codes automatic processing random errors financial payment records extended Reed-Solomon codes bank data processing decoding erasure errors Bar codes prime field alphabets

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An efficient finite-state machine implementation of Huffman decoders

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INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS 1997年第6期64卷 271-275页

作者： Iyengar, V Chakrabarty, K Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA

We present an efficient hardware implementation of a Huffman decoding algorithm that is based on the prefix-free property of Huffman codes. The proposed method can be used to reduce tester memory requirements for inte... 详细信息

关键词： decoding methods hardware implementation Huffman codes information retrieval

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Huffman encoding of test sets for sequential circuits

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 1998年第1期47卷 21-25页

作者： Iyengar, V Chakrabarty, K Murray, BT Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA GM Corp Ctr Res & Dev Warren MI 48090 USA

Sequential circuits are hard to test because they contain a large number of internal states that are difficult to control and observe. Scan design is often used to simplify testing;however, scan is not always applicable because of area and performance penalties. Recent advances in sequential circuit testing have led to techniques and tools that provide test sets with high coverage of single stuck-line (SSL) faults for nonscan circuits, However, these test sets contain a large number of patterns and require a tester with considerable pattern depth, We investigate the application of Huffman codes to pattern encoding. This allows the use of low-cost testers that do not require excessive memory. Our method is especially applicable to nonscan and partial-scan embedded core circuits. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by applying it to SSL test sets for the ISCAS'89 benchmarks.

关键词： decoding methods Huffman codes sequential circuit testing statistical encoding tester memory tester pattern depth

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ERROR CORRECTION IN RESIDUE ARITHMETIC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 1972年第6期C 21卷 538-+页

作者： MANDELBA.D Avionics Laboratory U. S. Army Electronics Command Fort Monmouth N. J. 0770 Abstract Authors References Cited By Keywords Metrics Similar Download Citation Email Print Request Permissions

It is shown how single-error correction in a residue arithmetic system can be accomplished in an efficient and fast manner. Two redundant moduli are necessary. This construction is extended to multiple errors. Another method of error detection or correction for residue arithmetic is also described. Implementation of these methods is considered. An example of the single-error correction procedure is given.

关键词： decoding methods error correction error detection modular computers residue arithmetic

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Neurophysiology of perceived confidence

Neurophysiology of perceived confidence

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32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC 10)

作者： Graziano, Martin Parra, Lucas C. Sigman, Mariano Univ Buenos Aires Sch Exact & Nat Sci Lab Integrat Neurosci RA-1053 Buenos Aires DF Argentina CUNY New York NY 10031 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441242

In a partial report paradigm, subjects observe during a brief presentation a cluttered field and after some time - typically ranging from 100 ms to a second - are asked to report a subset of the presented elements. A vast buffer of information is transiently available to be broadcasted which, if not retrieved in time, fades rapidly without reaching consciousness. An interesting feature of this experiment is that objective performance and subjective confidence is decoupled. This converts this paradigm in an ideal vehicle to understand the brain dynamics of the construction of confidence. Here we report a high-density EEG experiment in which we infer elements of the EEG response which are indicative of subjective confidence. We find that an early response during encoding partially correlates with perceived confidence. However, the bulk of the weight of subjective confidence is determined during a late, N400-like waveform, during the retrieval stage. This shows that we can find markers of access to internal, subjective states, that are uncoupled from objective response and stimulus properties of the task, and we propose that this can be used with decoding methods of EEG to infer subjective mental states.

关键词： EEG N400-like waveform brain dynamics cognition decoding decoding methods electroencephalography encoding encoding medical signal processing neurophysiology neurophysiology objective response perceived confidence stimulus properties subjective confidence subjective mental states

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