We generalize Sudan's results for Reed-Solomon codes to the class of algebraic-geometric codes, designing algorithms for list decoding of algebraic geometric codes which can decode beyond the conventional error-co...
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We generalize Sudan's results for Reed-Solomon codes to the class of algebraic-geometric codes, designing algorithms for list decoding of algebraic geometric codes which can decode beyond the conventional error-correction bound (d - 1)/2, d being the minimum distance of the code. Our main algorithm is based on an interpolation scheme and factorization of polynomials over algebraic function fields, For the latter problem we design a polynomial-time algorithm and show that the resulting overall list-decoding algorithm runs in polynomial time under some mild conditions. Several examples are included.
A methodology for quantifying the safety and reliability performance of comma-free codes for railway track circuit data transmission under high levels of Gaussian noise is presented. Two decoding algorithms are descri...
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A methodology for quantifying the safety and reliability performance of comma-free codes for railway track circuit data transmission under high levels of Gaussian noise is presented. Two decoding algorithms are described, based on the correct reception of one and two consecutive codewords, respectively. It is shown that use of the second algorithm in conjunction with a sub-dictionary with a minimum word distance constraint gives comparable safety and reliability performances to those obtained using longer-length synchronisable error-detecting codes. The paper also contains an outline of the properties of traction noise, knowledge of which is necessary for the design of digital railway data transmission systems.
Fast decoding algorithms for short codes based on modifications of maximum likelihood decoding algorithms of first order Reed-Muller codes are described. Only additions-subtractions, comparisons and absolute value cal...
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Fast decoding algorithms for short codes based on modifications of maximum likelihood decoding algorithms of first order Reed-Muller codes are described. Only additions-subtractions, comparisons and absolute value calculations are used in the algorithms. Soft and hard decisions maximum likelihood decoding algorithms for first order Reed-Muller and the Nordstrom-Robinson codes with low complexity are proposed.
Upper and lower bounds are derived for the decoding complexity of a general lattice L. The bounds are in terms of the dimension n and the coding gain gamma of L, and are obtained based on a decoding algorithm Which is...
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Upper and lower bounds are derived for the decoding complexity of a general lattice L. The bounds are in terms of the dimension n and the coding gain gamma of L, and are obtained based on a decoding algorithm Which is an improved version of Kannan's method, The tatter is currently the fastest known method for the decoding of a general lattice, For the decoding of a point x, the proposed algorithm recursively searches inside an n-dimensional rectangular parallelepiped (cube), centered at x, With its edges along the Gram-Schmidt vectors of a proper basis of L. We call algorithms of this type recursive cube search (RCS) algorithms. It is shown that Kannan's algorithm also belongs to this category, The complexity of RCS algorithms is measured in terms of the number of lattice points that need to be examined before a decision is made, To tighten the upper bound on the complexity, We select a lattice basis which is reduced in the sense of Korkin-Zolotarev, It is shown that for any selected basis, the decoding complexity (using RCS algorithms) of any sequence of lattices with possible application in communications (gamma greater than or equal to 1) grows at least exponentially with n and gamma. It is observed that the densest lattices, and almost all of the lattices used in communications, e.g., Barnes-Wall lattices and the Leech lattice, have equal successive minima (ESR I). For the decoding complexity of ESM lattices, a tighter upper bound and a stronger loner bound result are derived.
A novel soft-decision algorithm is presented for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, based on the reordering of the symbols of the received word according to some measure of reliability. The simulation results show that improvem...
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A novel soft-decision algorithm is presented for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, based on the reordering of the symbols of the received word according to some measure of reliability. The simulation results show that improvements in coding gain of > 1 dB are possible when compared to similar decoding algorithms using unsorted received words.
The theory of error-correcting codes derived from curves in an algebraic geometry was initiated by the work of Goppa as generalizations of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH), Reed-Solomon (RS), and Goppa codes. The deve...
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The theory of error-correcting codes derived from curves in an algebraic geometry was initiated by the work of Goppa as generalizations of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH), Reed-Solomon (RS), and Goppa codes. The development of the theory has received intense consideration since that time and the purpose of the paper is to review this work. Elements of the theory of algebraic curves, at a level sufficient to understand the code constructions and decoding algorithms, are introduced. Code constructions from particular classes of curves, including the Klein quartic, elliptic, and hyperelliptic curves, and Hermitian curves, are presented, decoding algorithms for these classes of codes, and others, are considered. The construction of classes of asymptotically good codes using modular curves is also discussed.
We first present a memory-efficient array data structure to represent the Huffman tree. We then present a fast Huffman decoding algorithm. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
We first present a memory-efficient array data structure to represent the Huffman tree. We then present a fast Huffman decoding algorithm. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
We describe an efficient algorithm for successive errors-and-erasures decoding of BCH codes, The decoding algorithm consists of finding all necessary error locator polynomials and errata evaluator polynomials, choosin...
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We describe an efficient algorithm for successive errors-and-erasures decoding of BCH codes, The decoding algorithm consists of finding all necessary error locator polynomials and errata evaluator polynomials, choosing the most appropriate error locator polynomial and errata evaluator polynomial, using these two polynomials to compute a candidate codeword for the decoder output, and testing the candidate for optimality,ia an originally developed acceptance criterion, Even in the most stringent case possible, the acceptance criterion is only a little more stringent than Forney's criterion for GMD decoding, We present simulation results on the error performance of our decoding algorithm for binary antipodal signals over an AWGN channel and a Rayleigh fading channel, The number of calculations of elements in a finite field that are required by our algorithm is only slightly greater than that required by hard-decision decoding, while error performance is almost as good as that achieved with GMD decoding, The presented algorithm is also applicable to efficient decoding of product RS codes.
We present a new Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm, which embodies several refinements of an earlier algorithm. Some portions of this new decoding algorithm operate on symbols of length Igq bits;other portions operate o...
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We present a new Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm, which embodies several refinements of an earlier algorithm. Some portions of this new decoding algorithm operate on symbols of length Igq bits;other portions operate on somewhat longer symbols. In the worst case, the total number of calculations required by the new decoding algorithm is proportional to nr, where n is the code's block length and r is its redundancy. This worst case workload is very similar to prior algorithms. But in many applications, average-case workload and error-correcting performance are both much better. The input to the new algorithm consists of n received symbols from GF(q), and rr nonnegative real numbers, each of which is the reliability of the corresponding received symbol. Any conceivable errata pattern has a ''score'' equal to the sum of the reliabilities of its locations with nonzero errata values. A max-likelihood decoder would find the minimum score over all possible errata patterns. Our new decoding algorithm finds the minimum score only over a subset of these possible errata patterns. The errata within any candidate errata pattern may be partitioned into ''errors'' and ''erasures,'' depending on whether the corresponding reliabilities are above or below an ''erasure threshold.'' Different candidate errata patterns may have different thresholds, each chosen to minimize its corresponding ERRATA COUNT, which is defined as 2 . (number of errors) c (number of erasures). The new algorithm finds an errata pattern with minimum score among all errata patterns for which ERRATA COUNT less than or equal to r + 1 where r is the redundancy of the RS code. This is one check symbol better than conventional RS decoding algorithms. Conventional algorithms also require that the erasure threshold be set a priori;the new algorithm obtains the best answer over all possible settings of the erasure threshold. Conventional cyclic RS codes have length n = q - 1, and their locations correspond to the nonzero
The problem of decoding cyclic error correcting codes is one of solving a constrained polynomial congruence, often achieved using the Berlekamp-Massey or the extended Euclidean algorithm on a key equation involving th...
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The problem of decoding cyclic error correcting codes is one of solving a constrained polynomial congruence, often achieved using the Berlekamp-Massey or the extended Euclidean algorithm on a key equation involving the syndrome polynomial. A module-theoretic approach to the solution of polynomial congruences is developed here using the notion of exact sequences. This technique is applied to the Welch-Berlekamp key equation for decoding Reed-Solomon codes for which the computation of syndromes is not required. It leads directly to new and efficient parallel decoding algorithms that can be realized with a systolic array. The architectural issues for one of these parallel decoding algorithms are examined in some detail.
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