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Reduced Complexity Interpolation for List decoding Hermitian Codes

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第11期7卷 4353-4361页

作者： Chen, Li Carrasco, Rolando Johnston, Martin Univ Newcastle Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England

List decoding Hermitian codes using the Guruswami-Sudan (GS) algorithm can correct errors beyond half the designed minimum distance. It consists of two processes: interpolation and factorisation. By first defining a Hermitian curve, these processes can be implemented with an iterative polynomial construction algorithm and a recursive coefficient search algorithm respectively. To improve the efficiency of list decoding Hermitian codes, this paper presents two contributions to reduce the interpolation complexity. First, in order to simplify the calculation of a polynomial's zero condition during the iterative interpolation, we propose an algorithm to determine the corresponding coefficients between the pole basis monomials and zero basis functions of a Hermitian curve. Second, we propose a modified complexity reducing interpolation algorithm. This scheme identifies any unnecessary polynomials during iterations and eliminates them to improve the interpolation efficiency. Due to the above complexity reducing modifications, list decoding long Hermitian codes with higher interpolation multiplicity becomes feasible. This paper shows list decoding algorithm can achieve significant coding gain over the conventional unique decoding algorithm.

关键词： List decoding hermitian codes decoding efficiency

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FAST SEQUENTIAL-decoding ALGORITHM-BASED ON DYNAMIC SEARCHING STRATEGY

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第5期141卷 312-316页

作者： LEE, CY YANG, WW JENG, LF Dept. of Electron. Eng. Nat. Chiao Tung Univ. Hsinchu Taiwan

The authors present a new sequential decoding algorithm based on dynamic searching strategy to improve decoding efficiency. The searching strategy is to exploit both 'sorting' and 'path recording' techniques. By means of sorting, it is possible to identify the correct path in a very fast way and then, by the recording, the bit sequence can be recovered without degrading decoding performance. The authors also develop a conditional resetting scheme to overcome the buffer overflow problem encountered in conventional sequential decoding algorithms. Simulation results show that, for a given code, the decoding efficiency remains the same as that obtained from maximum likelihood function by appropriately selecting sorting length and decoding depth. In addition, this algorithm can easily be mapped onto an area-efficient VLSI architecture to implement long constraint length convolutional decoders for high-speed digital communications.

关键词： decoding ALGORITHM decoding efficiency DYNAMIC SEARCHING STRATEGY

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An Optimization Model for Offline Scheduling Policy of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第8期28卷 1740-1744页

作者： Chang, Dongxu Wang, Guanghui Yan, Guiying Yin, Dawei Shandong Univ Data Sci Inst Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Data Sci Inst Sch Math Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Acad Math & Syst Sci Beijing 101408 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Math Jinan 250100 Peoples R China

In this study, an optimization model for offline scheduling policy of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed to improve the decoding efficiency of the belief propagation (BP). The optimization model uses the number of messages passed (NMP) as a metric to evaluate complexity, and two metrics, average entropy (AE), and gap to maximum a posteriori (GAP), to evaluate BP decoding performance. Based on this model, an algorithm is proposed to optimize the scheduling sequence for reduced decoding complexity and superior performance compared to layered BP (LBP). We validated the proposed algorithm on LDPC codes constructed following 5G New Radio, which resulted in a reduction of decoding complexity of more than 20% compared to LBP.

关键词： decoding Scheduling Optimal scheduling Iterative decoding Complexity theory Processor scheduling Entropy Low-density parity-check code scheduling policy decoding efficiency

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A modified non-binary LDPC scheme based on watermark symbols in high speed optical transmission systems

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2016年 365卷 49-53页

作者： Wang, Liming Qiao, Yaojun Yu, Qian Zhang, Wenbo Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Informat & Commun Engn State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Commun Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Sci Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

We introduce a watermark non-binary low-density parity check code (NB-LDPC) scheme, which can estimate the time-varying noise variance by using prior information of watermark symbols, to improve the performance of NB-LDPC codes. And compared with the prior-art counterpart, the watermark scheme can bring about 0.25 dB improvement in net coding gain (NCG) at bit error rate (BER) of le-6 and 36.8-81% reduction of the iteration numbers. Obviously, the proposed scheme shows great potential in terms of error correction performance and decoding efficiency. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical communications Non-binary low density parity check codes Bit error rate performance decoding efficiency

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Functions of Bacterial tRNA Modifications: From Ubiquity to Diversity

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TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2021年第1期29卷 41-53页

作者： de Crecy-Lagard, Valerie Jaroch, Marshall Univ Florida Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci Gainesville FL 32611 USA Univ Florida Genet Inst Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Modified nucleotides in tRNA are critical components of the translation apparatus, but their importance in the process of translational regulation had until recently been greatly overlooked. Two breakthroughs have recently allowed a fuller understanding of the importance of tRNA modifications in bacterial physiology. One is the identification of the full set of tRNA modification genes in model organisms such as Escherichia coli K12. The second is the improvement of available analytical tools to monitor tRNA modification patterns. The role of tRNA modifications varies greatly with the specific modification within a given tRNA and with the organism studied. The absence of these modifications or reductions can lead to cell death or pleiotropic phenotypes or may have no apparent visible effect. By linking translation through their decoding functions to metabolism through their biosynthetic pathways, tRNA modifications are emerging as important components of the bacterial regulatory toolbox.

关键词： decoding efficiency post-transcriptional regulation translation

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Development of decoding, reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling during the elementary school years

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READING AND WRITING 2001年第1-2期14卷 61-89页

作者： Aarnoutse, C van Leeuwe, J Voeten, M Oud, H Univ Nijmegen Dept Educ Sci NL-6525 HR Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Nijmegen Stat Consultancy Grp Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Nijmegen Dept Special Educ Nijmegen Netherlands

The goal of this study was (1) to investigate the development of decoding (efficiency), reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling during the elementary school years and (2) to determine the differences between poor, average and good performers with regard to the development of these skills. Twice each year two standardized tests for each skill were administered. For two successive periods, one of the tests for each skill was the same. To describe the development in terms of a latent variable evolving across grades, the structured-means version of the structural equation model was used. The growth was expressed in terms of effect size. With respect to the first question, clear seasonal effects were found for reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling, while the seasonal effect for decoding efficiency was restricted to the early grades. Progress tended to be greater from fall to spring than from spring to fall. For decoding efficiency, and to a lesser degree for vocabulary and spelling, growth showed a declining trend across grades. For reading comprehension, the progress in grade 2 was lower than the progress in grade 3, but progress was declining across higher grades. With respect to the second question, it appeared that initially low performers on reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling tended to show a greater progress, especially in periods where the largest amount of instruction was given. Although it was found that the low, medium and high ability groups remain in the same order, as far as their means are concerned, these findings do not confirm the existence of a Matthew effect for reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling. For decoding efficiency no clear differential effect could be found: the gap between the poor and good performers did not widen over time for this skill.

关键词： decoding efficiency developmental curves matthew effect reading comprehension spelling vocabulary

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SIMPLIFYING LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY ACOUSTIC MODELS FOR FAST TRAINING AND decoding 41

SIMPLIFYING LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY ACOUSTIC MODELS FOR FAST ...

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41st IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Miao, Yajie Li, Jinyu Wang, Yongqiang Zhang, Shi-Xiong Gong, Yifan Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Microsoft Corp One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 USA Microsoft Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479999880

On acoustic modeling, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units have recently been shown to outperform deep neural networks (DNNs) models. This paper focuses on resolving two challenges faced by LSTM models: high model complexity and poor decoding efficiency. Motivated by our analysis of the gates activation and function, we present two LSTM simplifications: deriving input gates from forget gates, and removing recurrent inputs from output gates. To accelerate decoding of LSTMs, we propose to apply frame skipping during training, and frame skipping and posterior copying (FSPC) during decoding. In the experiments, model simplifications reduce the size of LSTM models by 26%, resulting in a simpler model structure. Meanwhile, the application of FSPC speeds up model computation by 2 times during LSTM decoding. All these improvements are achieved at the cost of 1% WER degradation.

关键词： Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network model simplification decoding efficiency

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A New Design on Degree Distribution of LT Code Based on Poisson and Moved-RSD Distribution 17

A New Design on Degree Distribution of LT Code Based on Pois...

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IEEE 17th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)

作者： Zhang Meng Feng Lifang Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Commun & Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509039449

In this paper, a Poisson-Moved-Robust Solition Distribution (PMRSD) degree distribution is proposed based on Poisson distribution and the Moved Robust Solition Distribution (Moved-RSD). In the encoder, Poisson distribution is utilized to construct enough encoded data packets of small-degree, and Moved Robust Solition Distribution is used to generate encoded data packets of big-degree. The decoder can achieve completely decoding without interrupted because it is assured that the encoded data packets can contain all information of source data packets. The simulation results show that, comparing to New-Switch degree distribution-based LT code, the new PMRSD degree distribution-based LT code has advantages in improved decoding efficiency, reduced decoding overhead and bit error rate (BER).

关键词： degree distribution decoding efficiency decoding overhead BER LT code

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Factorized Blank Thresholding for Improved Runtime efficiency of Neural Transducers 48

Factorized Blank Thresholding for Improved Runtime Efficienc...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Le, Duc Seide, Frank Wang, Yuhao Li, Yang Schubert, Kjell Kalinli, Ozlem Seltzer, Michael L. Meta United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

We show how factoring the RNN-T's output distribution can significantly reduce the computation cost and power consumption for on-device ASR inference with no loss in accuracy. With the rise in popularity of neural-transducer type models like the RNN-T for on-device ASR, optimizing RNN-T's runtime efficiency is of great interest. While previous work has primarily focused on the optimization of RNN-T's acoustic encoder and predictor, this paper focuses the attention on the joiner. We show that despite being only a small part of RNN-T, the joiner has a large impact on the overall model's runtime efficiency. We propose to utilize HAT-style joiner factorization for the purpose of skipping the more expensive non-blank computation when the blank probability exceeds a certain threshold. Since the blank probability can be computed very efficiently and the RNN-T output is dominated by blanks, our proposed method leads to a 26-30% decoding speed-up and 43-53% reduction in on-device power consumption, all the while incurring no accuracy degradation and being relatively simple to implement. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： decoding efficiency factorized blank thresholding HAT on-device power consumption RNN-T

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SIMPLIFYING LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY ACOUSTIC MODELS FOR FAST TRAINING AND decoding

SIMPLIFYING LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY ACOUSTIC MODELS FOR FAST ...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Yajie Miao Jinyu Li Yongqiang Wang Shi-Xiong Zhang Yifan Gong Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052

ISBN: (纸本)9781479999897

关键词： Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network model simplification decoding efficiency decoding recurrent neural nets Short-Term Memory gates Model structures MODEL CALCULATION Memory Memory

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