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IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Patel, Sourav Attree, Sandeep Talukdar, Saurav Prakash, Mangal Salapaka, Murti, V Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538609439

Greater penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in power networks requires coordination strategies that allow for self-adjustment of contributions in a network of DERs, owing to variability in generation and demand. In this article, a distributed scheme is proposed that enables a DER in a network to arrive at viable power reference commands that satisfies the DERs local constraints on its generation and loads it has to service, while, the aggregated behavior of multiple DERs in the network and their respective loads meet the ancillary services demanded by the grid. The Net-load Management system for a single unit is referred to as the Local Inverter System (LIS) in this article. A distinguishing feature of the proposed consensus based solution is the distributed finite time termination of the algorithm that allows each LIS unit in the network to determine power reference commands in the presence of communication delays in a distributed manner. The proposed scheme allows prioritization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the network and also enables auto-adjustment of contributions from LIS units with lower priority resources (non-RES). The methods are validated using hardware-in-the-loop simulations with Raspberry PI devices as distributed control units, implementing the proposed distributed algorithm and responsible for determining and dispatching real-time power reference commands to simulated power electronics interface emulating LIS units for demand response.

关键词： Delays Inverters DC-DC power converters Voltage control Network topology Conferences Smart grids Power grids DC-DC power convertors Smart grids Inventors Network topology Voltage regulation Demand-Responsive Information Sciences density estimation robust algorithm delay commands

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A real-time QRS detector based on higher-order statistics for ECG gated cardiac MRI 41

A real-time QRS detector based on higher-order statistics fo...

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41st Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC)

作者： Schmidt, Marcus Krug, Johannes W. Gierstorfer, Andreas Rose, Georg Otto von Guericke Univ Dept Med Engn Magdeburg Germany MIPM Mammendorfer Inst Phys & Med GmbH Mammendorf Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479943463

Nowadays, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is gaining popularity in medical imaging and diagnosis. The acquisition of CMR images needs to be synchronized with the current cardiac phase to compensate the motion of the beating heart. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal can be used for such applications by detecting the QRS complex. However, the magnetic fields of the MR scanner contaminate the ECG signal which hampers QRS detection during CMR imaging. This paper presents a new real-time QRS detection algorithm for CMR gating applications based on the higher order statistics of the ECG signal. The algorithm uses the 4th order central moment to detect the R-peak. The algorithm was tested using two different databases. One database consisted of 12-lead ECGs which were acquired from 9 subjects inside a 3 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner with a total of 9241 QRS complexes. The 12-lead ECG arrhythmia database from the St. Petersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics (InCarT) served as the second database. 168341 QRS complexes were used from this database. For the ECG database acquired inside the MRI scanner, the proposed algorithm achieved a sensitivity (Se) of 99.99% and positive predictive value (+P) of 99.60%. Using the InCarT database, Se=99.43% and +P=99.91% were achieved. Hence, this algorithm enables a reliable R peak detection in real-time for triggering purposes in CMR imaging.

关键词： biomedical MRI diseases electrocardiography higher order statistics medical signal detection 12-lead ECG arrhythmia database 4th order central moment CMR gating ECG gated cardiac MRI ECG signal MRI scanner QRS detection algorithm R-peak detection cardiovascular magnetic resonance electrocardiogram signal higher-order statistics magnetic resonance imaging positive predictive value Abstracts density estimation robust algorithm Electrocardiography Lead Magnetic resonance imaging Materials

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A Five-Digit Analog-Digital Converter

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 1977年第6期12卷 656-662页

作者： Van De Plassche, Rudy J. Van Der Grift, Rob E.J. Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven Netherlands

The sigma-delta modulation principle is used in a five-digit plus-sign A/D converter. A simple auto-zero circuit is added to eliminate input-offset problems. Two input voltage ranges can be chosen in a cold-switched range-setting mode. The analog subsystem is implemented into two integrated circuits and contains nearly all necessary elements. Only a timer and up/down counter circuit are required to obtain the digital output signal. Copyright © 1958—THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS, INC.

关键词： Analog-digital conversion Clocks Delta-sigma modulation Integrated circuit technology Capacitors Switches Voltage Programmable logic arrays Digital control density estimation robust algorithm

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A Centralized Control Architecture for Harmonic Voltage Suppression in Islanded Microgrids

A Centralized Control Architecture for Harmonic Voltage Supp...

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ICELIE/IES Industry Forum/37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON)

作者： Wang, Xiongfei Blaabjerg, Frede Chen, Zhe Guerrero, Josep M. Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781612849720

This paper proposes a centralized control architecture for harmonic voltage suppression in islanded microgrids. The centralized selective harmonic compensator is developed in addition to the autonomous nonlinear load sharing loop in local controllers of inverter-interfaced Distributed Energy Resource (DER) units. Thus the harmonic voltage distortion caused by the mismatch between the harmonic conductance and characteristic impedance of the distribution feeder can be reduced. Moreover, to overcome the constraint on transmitting harmonic signals by a low-bandwidth communication line, a Park transformation aided signal modulation method is integrated to the centralized control architecture. The operation principle and case studies based on computer simulations are presented in this paper and validate the proposed control architecture.

关键词： Centralized control density estimation robust algorithm Harmonic analysis Inverters Power harmonic filters Voltage control

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On the Radiation from Several Regions in Spiral Antennas

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IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 1961年第1期9卷 100-102页

作者： Wheeler, M.S. Air Arm Div. Westinghouse Elec. Corp. Baltimore Md. United States

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Digital Computer Protective Device Co-Ordination Program I—General Program Description

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IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems 1964年第4期83卷 402-410页

作者： Albrecht, R.E. Nisja, M.J. Feero, W.E. Rockefeller Wagner, C.L. Consumers Power Company Jackson Mich. United States Westinghouse Electric Corporation East Pittsburgh Pa. United States Westinghouse Electric Corporation Newark N.J. United States

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Panel: Standards & Interconnection Requirements for Wind and Solar Generation NERC Integrating Variable Generation Task Force

Panel: Standards & Interconnection Requirements for Wind and...

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES)

作者： Brooks, Daniel L. Patel, Mahendra Elect Power Res Inst Knoxville TN 37932 USA LLC PJM Intconnect Philadelphia PA 36849 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710018

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are anticipated to play an increasing role in providing energy and ancillary services in the future. Anticipated expansions of DERs encompass distributed solar photovoltaics (PV), demand response, community energy storage, and plug-in electric vehicles. While these resources offer potential reliability improvements to the bulk electric system due to their flexibility and proximity to load, they also represented potential BES concerns as they become a more prevalent portion of the energy and ancillary service mix. Due to the relative size and distributed nature of these resources, the BES has limited to zero visibility and controllability of these resources. Two separate work groups of the NERC IVGTF have been tasked with investigating potential adverse BES reliability impacts of DERs. This panel presentation paper will summarize the potential issues identified by these work groups and status of their relative work.

关键词： BES DER density estimation robust algorithm IEEE Potentials IEEE standards PV Power system reliability Reliability Voltage control ancillary service mix bulk electric system community energy storage demand response distributed energy resources distributed solar photovoltaics energy resources photovoltaic power systems plug-in electric vehicles potential reliability improvements power generation reliability solar generation NERC integrating variable generation task force solar power stations wind generation wind power plants

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Smart Control of Energy Distribution Grids over Heterogeneous Communication Networks 4

Smart Control of Energy Distribution Grids over Heterogeneou...

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4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems (VITAE)

作者： Olsen, Rasmus L. Iov, Florin Haegerling, Christian Wietfeld, Christian Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst Networking & Secur Aalborg Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark TU Dortmund Univ Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479946235

The expected growth in distributed generation will significantly affect the operation and control of todays distribution grids. Being confronted with short time power variations of distributed generations, the assurance of a reliable service (grid stability, avoidance of energy losses) and the quality of the power may become costly. In this light, Smart Grids may provide an answer towards a more active and efficient electrical network. The EU project SmartC2Net aims to enable smart grid operations over imperfect, heterogeneous general purpose networks which poses a significant challenge to the reliability due to the stochastic behaviour found in such networks. Therefore, the key concepts of the EU project SmartC2Net are presented in this paper targeting the support of proper smart grid control in these network environments. An overview on the required ICT architecture and its functionality is provided and a description of the External Generation Site Use Case is given together with the targeted evaluation approaches.

关键词： Communication networks Control systems density estimation robust algorithm Monitoring Reliability Smart grids Wide area networks networks(communications) Smart grids density estimation robust algorithm Wide area networks control systems Telecommunications Power grids

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Management of Distributed Energy Resources in IEC 61850 using Web Services on Devices

Management of Distributed Energy Resources in IEC 61850 usin...

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IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Schmutzler, Jens Groening, Sven Wietfeld, Christian Dortmund Univ Technol CNI Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717024

The adoption of standardized Web Service communication protocols from manufacturing and automation industries carries a number of currently unused potentials for energy distribution processes. This work addresses potential advantages of such an approach, particularly highlighting benefits for medium-term, wide-spread use of Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Therefore a new communication protocol mapping for IEC 61850 is introduced based on the Devices Profile for Web Services (DPWS). Other than currently specified mappings, this approach benefits from intrinsic compliance to WS-* protocols. It brings along numerous advantages like plug and play field deployment of Intelligent Electrical Devices (IED) and more efficient asset management through seamless enterprise IT integration. Next to detailing this new mapping in theory, an increasingly important DER use case scenario based on fully electric vehicles (EV) is conducted as proof of concept. This use case also serves as evaluation scenario focusing on latency and scalability issues of the discovery process of dynamic DERs.

关键词： Automation DER DPWS density estimation robust algorithm IEC 61850 IEC standards IEC standards IED Manufacturing Power grids Protocols Web service communication protocol Web services Web services asset management devices profile for Web service distributed

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Mechanical Forces in Interleaved Rectangular Pancake Transformer Coils

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Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems 1954年第2期73卷 962-971页

作者： Bean, R.L. Wentz, E.C. Westinghouse Electric Corporation Sharon Pa. United States

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