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International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)

作者： A. Moreno-Munoz J. J. G. de la Rosa M.A. Lopez A. R. Gil de Castro Departamento A.C. Electrónica y T.E. Escuela Polit écnica Superior Universidad de Córdoba Cordoba Spain Áreal de Electrónica. Department ISA TE y Electrónica. Escuela Politécnica Superior Avda Universidad de Cádiz Algeciras Spain

Existing distribution networks have not been designed to accept extensive DG. The actual paradigm may change in the near future impelled by a word wide increasing of DG penetration in distribution grids. This paper presents the status and content of DG Spanish legislative documents. Fundamental considerations are first discussed, exclusively regarding the grid-interconnection requirement. This paper also analyses the relationship between that guidelines and recognized international standard in a systematic way. Major requirements areas include general specifications, safety and protection strategies, and power quality requirements. Interconnecting DER with the electric power system is traditionally a complicated process that can be facilitated by improving international harmonization.

关键词： Distributed control density estimation robust algorithm Power system protection Power generation Power quality Power generation economics Power system interconnection Power systems Voltage Environmental economics

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Detection and Avoidance Technique for Coexisting Pulse Based UWB and OFDM System

Detection and Avoidance Technique for Coexisting Pulse Based...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Kohei Ohno Makoto Itami Tetsushi Ikegami Department of Applied Electronics Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Noda Chiba Japan Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424425143

Ultra Wideband (UWB) is an attractive technique that enable sharing spectrum with other radio systems to spread spectrum extremely wideband. However, there are potential interferences among those using in the same frequency bands and close range. This paper discusses the interference DAA (Detection And Avoidance) technique for coexisting pulse based UWB and OFDM systems. In a UWB transmitter-receiver, utilization of the OFDM signal is detected by correlating the GI (Guard Interval) signal, and the timing of GI period is also detected. The UWB signal is emitted during the GI period to mitigate the effect of interference to the OFDM signals from the UWB system. The DER (Detection Error Rate), FAR (False Alarm Rate) and BER (Bit Error Rate) performances are evaluated to show the availability of proposed DAA technique.

关键词： OFDM Interference Ultra wideband technology Signal detection Bit error rate Spread spectrum communication Timing density estimation robust algorithm Error analysis Performance evaluation

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Towards a future SCADA

Towards a future SCADA

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Z. A. Vale H. Morais M. Silva C. Ramos GECAD - Knowledge Engineering and Decision-Support Research Group Electrical Engineering Institute of Porto - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ISEP/IPP) Portugal

Currently, power systems (PS) already accommodate a substantial penetration of DG and operate in competitive environments. In the future PS will have to deal with large-scale integration of DG and other distributed energy resources (DER), such as storage means, and provide to market agents the means to ensure a flexible and secure operation. This cannot be done with the traditional PS operation. SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a vital infrastructure for PS. Current SCADA adaptation to accommodate the new needs of future PS does not allow to address all the requirements. In this paper we present a new conceptual design of an intelligent SCADA, with a more decentralized, flexible, and intelligent approach, adaptive to the context (context awareness). Once a situation is characterized, data and control options available to each entity are re-defined according to this context, taking into account operation normative and a priori established contracts. The paper includes a case-study of using future SCADA features to use DER to deal with incident situations, preventing blackouts.

关键词： density estimation robust algorithm Context awareness Power systems Energy resources SCADA systems Power system planning Energy storage Secure storage Contracts Distributed control

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Reliability evaluation of islanded microgrids with stochastic distributed generation

Reliability evaluation of islanded microgrids with stochasti...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： S. Kennedy Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi UAE

Microgrids can potentially improve distribution system reliability when enabled to operate in an islanded mode. Future microgrids will likely contain substantial amounts of stochastic generation, which have a more uncertain impact on reliability as compared to dispatchable generation sources. New methods that realistically represent the stochastic behavior of these sources and their impact on reliability need to be developed. This paper proposes a new methodology for assessing local generation adequacy for an islanded microgrid with limited stochastic resources. Instead of modeling the generation and load independently, a combined generation-to-load ratio (GLR) is modeled as a Markov process, thereby preserving the correlation among disperse photovoltaic installations and the load. Historical data on solar irradiation and electric load are scaled and smoothed to account for their spatial distribution and used to estimate the Markov transition rates and the final reliability indices. The process illustrates the impact of stochastic behavior on reliability in a transparent manner and is useful for evaluating the reliability benefits of load curtailment and increasing local generation capacity.

关键词： Stochastic processes Distributed control density estimation robust algorithm Power system reliability Solar power generation Probability distribution Markov processes Distributed power generation Energy storage Independent component analysis

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Strategic deployment of CHP-based distributed energy resources in microgrids

Strategic deployment of CHP-based distributed energy resourc...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： A.K. Basu S. Chowdhury S.P. Chowdhury C.I.E.M. Kolkata India Electrical Engineering Department University of Cape Town South Africa

Distributed Energy Resource (DER) technology (e.g. microturbine, fuel cell) has greatly been advanced in recent years. These DERs are often used as the main components of a CHP-microgrid system and may be called as CHP-based DER. CHP-based DERs can provide power and heat with reliability and quality tailored to the requirements of end-users. As deregulation regime is penetrating more and more into the electricity market, competition among the IPPs is becoming acute. To sustain in this market, cost of electricity generation is to be reduced, not only using modern CHP-based DER technology but also, at the same time, deploying them in the microgrid system as per their type, capacity-size and bus-location. A cost-benefit analysis based method is proposed, in this paper, to enhance the reliability of both 6- and 14-bus meshed as well as radial microgrid networks. In this regard, various costs and benefits relating to CHP-based DER deployment have been taken into account for economic feasibility study. Higher the value of benefit to cost ratio (BCR), than one, better will be the selection of type, capacity-size, and bus-location of CHP-based DERs in respect of utility's benefit. More the Utility's benefit, lesser will be the price of electricity and ultimately, gainer will be the consumers. In this paper, bus-locations have been selected by loss sensitivity analysis and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has been used to maximize BCR.

关键词： Energy resources density estimation robust algorithm Fuel cells Power system reliability Electricity supply industry deregulation Electricity supply industry Power generation Cost benefit analysis Power generation economics Fuel economy

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Microgrids management

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IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE 2008年第3期6卷 54-65页

作者： Katiraei, Farid Iravani, Reza Hatziargyriou, Nikos Dimeas, Aris Nat Resources Canada CETC V Varennes PQ Canada Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada CEO Publ Power Corp Greece Athens Greece Natl Tech Univ Athens Elect Energy Syst Lab Athens Greece

Controls and Operation Aspects of Microgrids. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF THE MICROGRID, AND consequently its acceptability and degree of proliferation in the utility power industry, are primarily determined by the envisioned controller capabilities and the operational features. Depending on the type and depth of penetration of distributed energy resource (DER) units, load characteristics and power quality constraints, and market participation strategies, the required control and operational strategies of a microgrid can be significantly, and even conceptually, different than those of the conventional power systems.

关键词： Power quality AND operation MICRO-GRID Penetration depth distributed energy resources power systems density estimation robust algorithm Power industry loading characteristics energy industries Acceptability

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Design for distributed energy resources

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IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE 2008年第3期6卷 30-39页

作者： Driesen, Johan Katiraei, Farid Katholieke Univ Leuven Louvain Belgium Nat Resources Canada CANMET Energy Technol Ctr CETC Varennes PQ Canada

The blackout experiences have demonstrated the vulnerability of the interconnected electric power system to grid failure caused by natural disasters and unexpected phenomena. Changes in customer needs, additional stress due to liberalized electricity markets, and a high degree of dependency of today's society on sophisticated technological services also intensify the burden on traditional electric systems and demand for a more reliable and resilient power delivery infrastructure. This paper discusses the design of a restructured electric distribution network that employs a large number of small distributed energy resources (DER) units, which can improve the level of system reliability and provide service differentiations.

关键词： Energy resources density estimation robust algorithm Power system planning Power system interconnection Power system reliability Power quality Power systems Stress Electricity supply industry Distributed power generation

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A larger role for microgrids

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IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE 2008年第3期6卷 78-82页

作者： Venkataramanan, Girl Marnay, Chris Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Lawrence Berkeley Lab Staff Sci Berkeley CA USA

In this paper the technical constraints imposed by the growing needs of distributed generation, DER, and demanding PQR requirements, the microgrid concept is evolving toward a potentially versatile solution. The growing body of technical publications includes analytical modeling that defines the theoretical basis; computer simulation studies that verify operation and performance: and laboratory-scale, community-scale, and utility-scale demonstrations and pilot projects that add field experience to theory and simulation. Similarly, vigorous efforts are underway to expand microgrid economic and regulatory analysis capability, but challenges remain. At the policy level, significant changes will be needed to facilitate capture of the benefits of microgrids.

关键词： Energy consumption Economic forecasting Cogeneration Power transmission lines Distributed parameter circuits Power generation economics Environmental economics Energy resources density estimation robust algorithm Renewable energy resources

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Delft Pneumatic Bipeds

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IEEE Control Systems 2008年第4期28卷 99-101页

作者： Grizzle, Jessy Poulakakis, Loannis Department of Electrical Engineering United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States

This book is based on the dissertations of its authors, who constructed a series of five bipeds, starting with a McGeer-like planar, torso-less, passive walker and finishing with Denise, a 3D-biped with torso and arms, which uses arguably the simplest possible sensing, actuation, and feedback control system capable of achieving stable walking on a flat surface. The material has been rewritten and edited to arrive at a very compact, informative, and enjoyable presentation. The emphasis is on achieving energy-efficient walking on a flat surface through the effective use of the natural dynamics of highly underactuated machines.

关键词： Legged locomotion Robot sensing systems Service robots Humans Stability Foot Gravity Feedback control density estimation robust algorithm Educational institutions

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Reliability study of a micro-grid power system

Reliability study of a micro-grid power system

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International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

作者： A.K. Basu S.P. Chowdhury S. Chowdhury D. Ray P.A. Crossley CIEM India India Jadavpur University India Womens Polytechnic India WBSEB India University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UK

Deregulation and restructuring of old centralized power system has brought a renaissance in the history of electric power system. It has unleashed an open competition among the utility service providers in the respective sector of electric power system, i.e. generation, transmission, and distribution. Also, it gives birth to the new concept of micro-grids, which is an epitome of larger grid, called macro-grid, in general. Small utility service providers having generating capacity less than 10 MW are the main players in the micro-grid market. Micro-grids works, generally, at low voltage (415 V). Added advantages of micro-grids are its CHP (combined heat and power) operation, less emission of dasiaSOx and NOxpsila, reduction of dasiaTransmission line congestionpsila, easy installation and control of its small distributed energy resources etc. to name a few. Like macro-grid, main motto of the micro-grid system is to cater reliable and quality power to its customers. This paper presents a 6-bus system to study the reliability of the system in four different case studies. To judge the best reliable condition in each of the cases, four parameters, such as bus voltages, maximum line flow, slack bus injection, and system line loss, are considered and in each case study, these parameters are compared in different changing situations for getting the best result out of those situations. Fast de-coupled load flow (FDLF) method in Compaq visual FORTRAN is used to analysis the various cases. In all the analysis, macro-grid is considered as a large virtual generator and is used as a slack bus.

关键词： density estimation robust algorithm Power system reliability Load flow Reliability Power systems Power quality Cogeneration

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