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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： B. Meyer Y. Bamberger I. Bel EDF Research and Development Clamart France

DER (distributed energy resources) are in expansion worldwide. This paper underlines technical challenges which arise from this expansion, taking into account the regulatory and technical background in France and Europe

关键词： Energy resources density estimation robust algorithm Europe Mesh generation Research and development Power generation Wind energy Wind energy generation Distributed control Power system planning

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Phase transformations associated with micropitting in rolling/sliding contacts

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2005年第18期40卷 4767-4774页

作者： Oila, A Bull, SJ Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne Sch Chem Engn & Adv Mat Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England

Metallographic investigation of the discs used in tests to simulate gear tooth contact has revealed the occurrence of several microstructural features that are present only in fatigued specimens: e. g. dark etching regions ( DER) and white etching bands ( WEB). In addition, a new type of microstructural constituent has been observed close to the surface, below asperities. This feature is referred to as the plastic deformation region ( PDR). For the first time the hardness of these fatigue-induced phases was accurately determined by the nanoindentation technique. It has been found that DER initiates at the prior austenite grain boundaries. Fatigue cracks initiate and propagate preferentially at the boundaries of PDR and ultimately lead to the formation of micropitting. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

关键词： BALL-BEARINGS FATIGUE MICROSTRUCTURE HARDNESS STEELS BEARING BALLS Fatigue Steels austenite grain boundary Soundness Phase transtormations hardness density estimation robust algorithm Microstructure PDR gene tooth contact

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Multipath load-balancing delivery based on decisive energy ratio in wireless sensor networks

Multipath load-balancing delivery based on decisive energy r...

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11th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications

作者： Yang, ZK Yuan, LF Du, X Zhang, QF Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Hubei Province Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0769523463

Two multipath schemes have been put forward: primary/backup mode and replication mode. Both schemes have not efficiently combined load balancing and energy awareness in sensor networks. This paper proposes an energy-aware load-balancing delivery scheme. The packets can be transmitted along multiple paths according to Decisive Energy Ratio (DER). It needs not calculate DER periodically and brings fewer overheads. DER with Overload Avoidance (DEROA) is also proposed to avoid heavy traffic on some critical nodes. The simulations demonstrate how well DER will achieve multipath delivery.

关键词： Intelligent networks Wireless sensor networks density estimation robust algorithm Load management Routing Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Protocols Energy consumption Relays

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A new on-line certificate validation method using LDAP component matching technology

A new on-line certificate validation method using LDAP compo...

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Proceedings of the Annual IEEE SMC Information Assurance Workshop (IAW)

作者： Jong Hyuk Choi Sang Seok Lim K.D. Zeilenga IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA IBM Linux Technology Center Carson NV USA

This paper presents a new on-line certificate validation method which provides higher degree of security, scalability, and interoperability than do the pre-existing approaches. It combines two basic data structures for certificate revocation, certificate revocation list (CRL) and the authenticated dictionary such as certificate revocation tree (CRT), into a single framework by utilizing the component matching enabled lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service. With the new method, end entities that want to check the validity of certificates can request an extended LDAP search operation with a component matching assertion against all revoked certificate components in a CRL and check whether a revoked certificate having the asserted serial number is found. In order to ensure strong security without requiring trusted directories, CRLs are represented as an authenticated dictionary when decoded from distinguished encoding rules (DER) to an internal ASN.1 representation. The information required to construct the authenticated dictionary is conveyed from the certificate authority (CA) via a new CRL extension. The proposed method facilitates a number of advantages over the previous approaches like online certificate status protocol (OCSP): 1) it enables higher security because it does not require trusted entities other than the CA such as trusted LDAP servers and trusted OCSP responders; 2) it improves scalability and performance because it does not require responses to be signed as in OCSP; 3) it can intemperate well with the existing CRL framework; and 4) it does not need support for additional protocols for on-line certificate validation because it is built on LDAP which is the main access method to download CRLs. The proposed method can also be used as a CRL back-end of OCSP to offload CRL management and to enhance its trust model.

关键词： Dictionaries Scalability Access protocols Information security Data security Tree data structures Cathode ray tubes Decoding Encoding density estimation robust algorithm

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Islanding Control of a Distributed Generation Unit's Power Conversion System to the Electric Utility Grid

Islanding Control of a Distributed Generation Unit's Power C...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists (PESC)

作者： T. Thacker F. Wang D. Boroyevich Center for Power Electronics Systems The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

This paper addresses the design issues of a power conversion system (PCS) with regards to distributed generation (DG) and intentional islanding; in particular, control algorithms with active islanding detection and re-closure schemes for the inverter(s) that directly interface the PCS to the utility grid. The proposed control strategies and new active detection and reclosure schemes in this paper allows for fast disconnect times, a zero non-detection zone, and autonomous operation from the grid. The detection and re-closure schemes work with the switched-mode operation of the control to permit the PCS to continuously supply power to the loads. The control, detection and re-closure algorithms are compared to other schemes and verified through simulation

关键词： Distributed control Control systems Power conversion Personal communication networks Event detection Power system reliability density estimation robust algorithm Power system interconnection Power systems Power system simulation

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Microgrid laboratory facilities

Microgrid laboratory facilities

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International Conference on Future Power Systems

作者： M. Barnes A. Dimeas A. Engler C. Fitzer N. Hatziargyriou C. Jones S. Papathanassiou M. Vandenbergh School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Manchester UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Engineering and Power Electronics Institut fur Solare Energieversorgungstechnik Kassel Germany

Within the frame of the European project "Microgrids" several test set-ups have been installed or enlarged at different laboratories. Three of them are presented in this contribution: a specially designed single phase system of the NTUA with agent control software, the DeMoTec at ISET, which is a general test site for DER and the flywheel test rig, designed by the University of Manchester. These three sites allow the tests of different components, control strategies and different storage technologies. Though this contribution is aimed at the presentation of the facilities themselves, some test results are included

关键词： Laboratories Batteries Control systems System testing Pulse width modulation inverters Software testing Wind turbines Frequency density estimation robust algorithm Flywheels

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Loss-of-synchronism detection automatics for the networks with distributed generation

Loss-of-synchronism detection automatics for the networks wi...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： Antans Sauhats Inesa Svalova Andrejs Svalovs Faculty of Power and Electrical Engineering Riga Technical University Riga Latvia Institute of Electrical Engineering Riga Technical University Riga Latvia

Loss-of synchronism processes in the distribution networks with distributed energy resources are considered. They are influenced by new conditions that were not actual for the transmission system. To eliminate the loss-of-synchronism, special detection automatics is used. The application of such an automatics in low-voltage networks with distributed generation is specific. To meet the changed requirements, new algorithm of the automatic device is introduced. It is based on assumptions of voltage range and impedance angle. Equivalent non-synchronous emfs are modeled The method was tested by simulation of the loss-of-synchronism condition that takes place in the distribution networks.

关键词： Distributed control Wind turbines Induction generators Synchronous generators Inverters density estimation robust algorithm Protective relaying Circuit faults Power system stability AC generators

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Assuring certifiability of outsourced software development - a DER'S perspective

Assuring certifiability of outsourced software development -...

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Conference on Digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： R. Fulton Seaweed Systems Inc. Woodinville WA USA

RTCA/DO-178B Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification (RTCA Inc., 1992) is a set of considerations or guidelines for the assurance of software in the certification of an aircraft and its systems. The document contains a set of objectives that need to be met and a description of the associated objective evidence required to show that they have been satisfied. The risks associated with attempting and subsequently failing in the certification process can be enormous, and naturally this drives cost and schedule on a given program. Having the skills and tools to assess a third-party organization's ability to develop RTCA/DO-178B compliant software for an aviation project is essential to the success of the project in terms of confidently meeting budget and delivery schedule when outsourcing software development or procuring commercial off the shelf (COTS) software. This is especially true when procuring airborne software from a software organization that does not necessarily have systems development responsibility or responsibility for overall safety of the system on the aircraft. So, can anything useful be learned from industry experience about what contributes to eventual certification success or failure? Due to the nature of their work, a Designated Engineering Representative (DER) often has the advantage of having worked with a variety of software development organizations. In so doing, valuable experience and insight can be gained that is of potential benefit to everyone concerned with outsourcing such software development. The purpose of this paper is to share some of this "practical experience", gained over many years working with various software development organizations on numerous certifiable programs. The objective being to identify a set of useful pointers for anyone considering such an endeavor that will better assure success in certification endeavors.

关键词： Programming density estimation robust algorithm Certification Software safety Aircraft Job shop scheduling Software tools Outsourcing Guidelines Costs

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The Latvian experience and problems of the grid integration of renewable energy sources in the power system

The Latvian experience and problems of the grid integration ...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： A. Sauhats V. Chuvychin N. Gurov V. Strelkovs I. Svalova A. Svalovs O. Linkevics J. Rivkins Riga Technical University Latvia VAS Latvenergo

This paper considers development trends and perspectives for widespread implementation of distributed generation, based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the Baltic States. The main issue of the research is integration of RES into the power grid and electricity markets. Paper provides an overview of legislative statements and main rules, which regulates formal relationships between power producers using RES and network operators. Major problems and barriers that limit intensive development of RES are identified and possible solutions to overcome them are proposed.

关键词： Renewable energy resources Power systems density estimation robust algorithm Wind energy generation Costs Power system restoration Power generation Power generation economics Distributed control Power system economics

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Two-way cluster voting to improve speaker diarisation performance

Two-way cluster voting to improve speaker diarisation perfor...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： S.E. Tranter Engineering Department University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

Speaker diarisation is the task of automatically segmenting audio data and providing speaker labels for the resulting regions of audio. A cluster-voting scheme is described which takes the output from two speaker diarisation systems and produces a new output which aims to have a lower speaker diarisation error rate (DER) than either input. The scheme works in two stages: the first produces a set of possible outputs which minimise a distance metric based on the DER; the second votes between these alternatives to give the final output. Decisions where the inputs agree are always passed to the output and those where the inputs differ are re-evaluated in the final voting stage. Results are presented on the 6-show RT-03 broadcast news evaluation data; they show that the DER can be reduced by 1.64% and 2.56% absolute using this method when combining the best two Cambridge University and the best two MIT Lincoln Laboratory diarisation systems respectively.

关键词： Voting density estimation robust algorithm Error analysis Broadcasting Laboratories Indexing Databases Speech recognition Performance analysis US Government

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