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Empirical Evidence for a descriptive model of Principles of Information Security Course

Journal of Information Security 2020年第4期11卷 177-188页

作者： Adeyemi A. Adekoya Aurelia M. Donald Somasheker Akkaladevi Akinjide A. Akinola Virginia State University Petersburg VA USA University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and content of the rapidly evolving undergraduate Principles of Information/Cybersecurity course which has been attracting an ever-growing attention in the computing discipline, for the past decade. More specifically, it is to provide an impetus for the design of standardized principles of Information/Cybersecurity course. To achieve this, a survey of colleges and universities that offer the course was conducted. Several schools of engineering and business, in universities and colleges across several countries were surveyed to generate necessary data. Effort was made to direct the questionnaire only to Computer Information System (CIS), Computer Science (CS), Management Information System (MIS), Information System (IS) and other computer-related departments. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: one part addressed the institutional demographic information, while the other focused on the relevant elements of the course. There are sixty-two (62) questionnaire items covering areas such as demographics, perception of the course, course content and coverage, teaching preferences, method of delivery and course technology deployed, assigned textbooks and associated resources, learner support, course assessments, as well as the licensure-based certifications. Several themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) the principles course is an integral part of most cybersecurity programs;(b) majority of the courses examined, stress both strong technical and hands-on skills;(c) encourage vendor-neutral certifications as a course exit characteristic;and (d) an end-of-course class project, remains a standard requirement for successful course completion. Overall, the study makes it clear that cybersecurity is a multilateral discipline, and refuses to be confined by context and content. It is envisaged that the results of this study would turn out to be instructive for all practical purposes. We expect it to be one of the m

关键词： Benchmark Cybersecurity descriptive model Survey results Certifications Common-Body-of-Knowledge Empirical Evidence Principles of Information/Cybersecurity Course Tools Deployed

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Development of a descriptive model for intralogistics as a foundation for an autonomous control method for intralogistics systems

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Procedia Manufacturing 2018年 23卷 225-230页

作者： Jan Schuhmacher Vera Hummel ESB Business School Reutlingen University Alteburgstraße 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany

Future intralogistics systems need to adapt flexibly to changing material flow requirements in line with future versatile factory environments, producing personalized products under the performance and cost conditions of today’s mass production. Small batch sizes down to a batch size of “1” lead to a high complexity in the design and economical manufacturing of these customized products. Intralogistics system are integrated into higher-level areas (segment level) as well as into upstream and downstream performance units (system-wide areas). This includes the logistic activities relevant for the system (organized according to storage, picking, transport) such as transportation or storage tasks of tools, semi-finished products, components, assemblies and containers, and waste. Today’s centralized material flow control systems, which work based on predefined processes, are not capable and more specifically not suitable to deal with the arising complexity of changeable intralogistics systems. Autonomous, decentralized material flow control systems distribute the required decision-making and control processes on intelligent logistic entities. A major step for the development of an autonomous control method for hybrid intralogistics systems (manual, semi-automated and automated) is the development of a generic archetype for intralogistics systems regarding the system boundaries, elements and relations resulting in a descriptive model taking into account amongst others the time of demand, availability of resources, economic efficiency and technical performance parameters. The ESB Logistics Learning Factory at ESB Business School (Reutlingen University) serves for this as a close-to-reality development and validation environment.

关键词： Intralogistics Autonomous control Decentralized control descriptive model

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Wind direction field under the influence of topography, part I: A descriptive model

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WIND AND STRUCTURES 2016年第4期22卷 455-476页

作者： Weerasuriya, A. U. Hu, Z. Z. Li, S. W. Tse, K. T. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Civil Engn Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Grad Sch Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Grad Sch Shenzhen Div Ocean Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China

In both structural and environmental wind engineering, the vertical variation of wind direction is important as it impacts both the torsional response of the high-rise building and the pedestrian level wind environment. In order to systematically investigate the vertical variation of wind directions (i.e., the so-called 'twist effect') induced by hills with idealized geometries, a series of wind-tunnel tests was conducted. The length-to-width aspect ratios of the hill models were 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2 and 3, and the measurements of both wind speeds and directions were taken on a three-dimensional grid system. From the wind-tunnel tests, it has been found that the direction changes and most prominent at the half height of the hill. On the other hand, the characteristic length of the direction change, has been found to increase when moving from the windward zone into the wake. Based on the wind-tunnel measurements, a descriptive model is proposed to calculate both the horizontal and vertical variations of wind directions. Preliminarily validated against the wind-tunnel measurements, the proposed model has been found to be acceptable to describe the direction changes induced by an idealized hill with an aspect ratio close to 1. For the hills with aspect ratios less than 1, while the description of the vertical variation is still valid, the horizontal description proposed by the model has been found unfit.

关键词： descriptive model hill terrain wind characteristics wind-tunnel test

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A descriptive model of the offence chain for imprisoned adult male firesetters (descriptive model of adult male firesetting)

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LEGAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015年第1期20卷 48-67页

作者： Barnoux, Magali Gannon, Theresa A. Ciardha, Caoilte O. Univ Kent CORE FP Canterbury CT2 7NP Kent England

Purpose. Firesetting has devastating consequences. Although some theoretical efforts have been made to explain firesetting (i.e., a small number of multi-and single-factor theories), little effort has been devoted to understand how deliberate firesetting unfolds across time (i.e., micro or offence chain theories). This research aimed to produce the first descriptive offence chain theory for incarcerated adult male firesetters. Methods. Thirty-eight adult male firesetters - recruited from prison establishments in England and Wales - were interviewed about the events, thoughts, and feelings leading up to, surrounding, and immediately following a deliberate incident of firesetting. Results. Using grounded theory analysis, the descriptive model of adult male firesetting (DMAF) was developed documenting the cognitive, behavioural, affective, and contextual factors leading to a single incident of deliberate firesetting. Conclusions. New information generated from the DMAF is presented and its contributions to the current evidence base are highlighted. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.

关键词： firesetting arson offence chain micro-theory descriptive model grounded theory

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Re-interpreting rules interpretability

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS 2025年第1期20卷 25-45页

作者： Adilova, Linara Kamp, Michael Andrienko, Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Ruhr Univ Bochum D-44801 Bochum Germany Fraunhofer Inst IAIS D-53757 St Augustin Germany Univ Med Essen IKIM D-45131 Essen Germany Monash Univ Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia City Univ London London EC1V 0HB England

Trustworthy machine learning requires a high level of interpretability of machine learning models, yet many models are inherently black-boxes. Training interpretable models instead-or using them to mimic the black-box model-seems like a viable solution. In practice, however, these interpretable models are still unintelligible due to their size and complexity. In this paper, we present an approach to explain the logic of large interpretable models that can be represented as sets of logical rules by a simple, and thus intelligible, descriptive model. The coarseness of this descriptive model and its fidelity to the original model can be controlled, so that a user can understand the original model in varying levels of depth. We showcase and discuss this approach on three real-world problems from healthcare, material science, and finance.

关键词： Interpretability descriptive model Global explanation Generalization

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Human-genetic variants associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

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GENE 2025年 953卷 149423页

作者： Azcarate, Daniel Arsuaga, Felix Olasagasti Rodriguez, Eva Granizo Arana-Arri, Eunate Espana, Pedro Pablo Intxausti, Maider Sancho, Cristina Melendez, Aitor Garcia de Vicuna Ibarrondo, Oliver de Pancorbo, Marian M. Univ Basque Country Zool & Anim Cellular Biol Dept BIOMICs Res Grp BIOMICS & Microfluid Cluster Fac Sci & Technol Biscay 48940 Basque Country Spain Univ Basque Country Biochem & Mol Biol Dept BIOMICs Res Grp BIOMICS & Microfluid Cluster Fac Pharm Alava 01006 Basque Country Spain Cruces Univ Hosp Clin Epidemiol Unit Biscay 48903 Basque Country Spain Galdakao Usansolo Univ Hosp Pulmonol Serv Biscay 48960 Basque Country Spain Alava Univ Hosp Txagorritxu Pulmonol Serv Alava 01009 Basque Country Spain Basurto Univ Hosp Dept Pneumol Biscay 48013 Basque Country Spain Gurutzeta Hosp Basque Hlth Serv Emergency Dept Biscay 48903 Basque Country Spain Debagoiena AP OSI Res Unit Stat & Hlth Econ Res Gipuzkoa 20500 Basque Country Spain

SARS-CoV-2, the third major coronavirus of the 21st century, causing COVID-19 disease, profoundly impacts public health and workforces worldwide. Identifying individuals at heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for targeted interventions and preparedness. This study investigated 35 SNVs within viral infectionassociated genes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and uninfected controls from the Basque Country (March 2020-July 2021). Its primary aim was to uncover genetic markers indicative of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and explore genetic predispositions to infection. Association analyses revealed previously unreported associations between SNVs and susceptibility. Haplotype analyses uncovered novel links between haplotypes and susceptibility, surpassing individual SNV associations. descriptive modelling identified key susceptibility factors, with rs11246068-CC (IFITM3), rs5742933-GG (ORMDL1), rs35337543-CG (IFIH1), and GGGCT (rs2070788, rs2298659, rs17854725, rs12329760, rs3787950) variation in TMPRSS2 emerging as main infectionsusceptibility indicators for a COVID-19 pandemic situation. These findings underscore the importance of integrated SNV and haplotype analyses in delineating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and informing proactive prevention strategies. The genetic markers profiled in this study offer valuable insights for future pandemic preparedness.

关键词： Genetic marker COVID-19 Association analysis Haplotype analysis descriptive model SNaPShot

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A dependence detection heuristic in causal induction to handle nonbinary variables

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Higuchi, Kohki Shirakawa, Tomohiro Ichino, Hiroto Takahashi, Tatsuji Chubu Univ Kasugai Aichi 4870027 Japan Tokyo Denki Univ Hiki Saitama 3500394 Japan

How humans estimate causality is one of the central questions of cognitive science, and many studies have attempted to model this estimation mechanism. Previous studies indicate that the pARIs model is the most descriptive of human causality estimation among 42 normative and descriptive models defined using two binary variables. In this study, we build on previous research and attempt to develop a new descriptive model of human causal induction with multi-valued variables. We extend the applicability of pARIs to non-binary variables and verify the descriptive performance of our model, pARIsmean, by conducting a causal induction experiment involving human participants. We also conduct computer simulations to analyse the properties of our model (and, indirectly, some tendencies in human causal induction). The experimental results showed that the correlation coefficient between the human response values and the values of our model was r = .976, indicating that our model is a valid descriptive model of human causal induction with multi-valued variables. The simulation results also indicated that our model is a good estimator of population mutual information when only a small amount of observational data is available and when the probabilities of cause and effect are nearly equal and both probabilities are small.

关键词： Causal inference descriptive model Rational analysis Non-linear causality Categorical data analysis Jaccard index

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Gerontechnology Design: Navigating Pluralistic Value Conflicts 10th

Gerontechnology Design: Navigating Pluralistic Value Conflic...

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10th International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population (ITAP) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Xiao, Shimeng Liu, Long Tongji Univ Coll Design & Innovat Shanghai Peoples R China Jinggangshan Univ Art Inst Jian Jiangxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615429;9783031615436

This study aimed to explore the resolution strategies of multiple value conflicts in gerontological technology design, with a special focus on the integration process of self-service health screening equipment in elderly health ecosystems. By adopting the methodological framework of value-sensitive design and dilemma design, this study aims to address the conflict between autonomy, privacy, and personalization needs that older adults face when using technology products. In the literature review section, we review relevant research in the field of gerontology, with a particular focus on different ways of integrating technology into elder care. We discuss the theoretical background and practical applications of value-sensitive design, as well as methods previously used to explore and address value conflicts in technology design. For our methodology, we adopted qualitative research methods, including literature analysis and case studies. We conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups to gather the views and experiences of older people, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders. Additionally, we conducted a triangular analysis of conceptual studies, empirical studies, and technical studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and challenges of gerontechnology design. In the findings section, we propose a value-based description model that identifies key value conflicts in gerontechnology design and provides strategies for resolving these conflicts. We carried out design practice based on the theoretical section, producing product prototypes and interfaces. Our findings indicate that integrating the perspectives and needs of different stakeholders during the design process and fully considering the values and lifestyles of older adults can effectively reconcile value conflicts, thereby increasing user acceptance and satisfaction with gerontechnology products.

关键词： Gerontechnology Value-sensitive Design Dilemma-driven Design descriptive model

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The parental experience in youth sport: a systematic review and qualitative meta-study

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INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2024年第1期17卷 236-263页

作者： Sutcliffe, Jordan T. Fernandez, Dominic K. Kelly, Peter J. Vella, Stewart A. Univ Wollongong Global Alliance Mental Hlth & Sport Wollongong NSW Australia Univ Wollongong Ctr Hlth Psychol Practice & Res Sch Psychol Wollongong NSW Australia

A plethora of studies has shown that parents experience their own range of outcomes as a result of having a child involved in organised sport. Despite this, the literature on parent-specific outcomes in youth sport has yet to be reviewed and synthesised. The aims of this study were to systematically review and synthesise, assess study quality, and propose a descriptive model of the qualitative literature pertaining to parental experiences in youth sport. To achieve these aims, 58 qualitative articles underwent meta-method, meta-theory, and meta-data analysis followed by a meta-synthesis of the findings. Our descriptive model proposes that parents experience outcomes that span single (e.g. emotional reactions, interpersonal behaviours, learned behaviours, and resource expenditure) and multiple-events (e.g. health and wellbeing, identity, social relationships, and parental satisfaction) as a result of their involvement in organised sport. All the while, youth sport participation requires ongoing financial, temporal, and emotional investment from parents. Furthermore, although included studies were generally strong methodologically, future investigations of parental experience in sport would benefit from greater incorporation of theory and interdisciplinary collaboration.

关键词： Meta-synthesis parental investment descriptive model organised sport

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5G Enabled Freeports: A Conceptual Framework

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 91871-91887页

作者： Wang, Yingli Potter, Andrew Naim, Mohamed Vafeas, Antonis Mavromatis, Alex Simeonidou, Dimitra Cardiff Univ Cardiff Business Sch Logist & Operat Management Sect Logist Syst Dynam Grp Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales Univ Bristol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Smart Internet Lab Bristol BS8 1TH Avon England

A novel conceptual framework is developed that depicts a generic Freeport model underpinned by 5G technology. The framework is based on preliminary findings from a 5G testbed project and secondary 5G use cases from both practice and academic literature. We first provide a descriptive model of the current state of a port without 5G and Freeport status, identify the challenges and opportunities for logistics flows if Freeport status is attained and then prescribe how 5G may enable seamless logistics flows. With multiple challenges for ports generally, Freeport status increases the level of complexity of the core and support business processes that deliver goods from origin to destination. Despite that increased complexity, Freeports can attract investment and generate revenue, thus the enablement of Freeports is notionally beneficial in the long run. As complexity is anathema to smooth logistics flows, we develop a prescriptive model to exploit 5G to improve efficiency and effectiveness within a Freeport. We demonstrate the application of the prescriptive model with a 5G Freeport use case supported by simulation results, from which we aim to contribute to the overall adoption of 5G in Freeports.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Finance Complexity theory Business Internet of Things Freeports Commerce and trade Surveillance Security Drones Internet of Things Sensors Computer security Seaports Airports Logistics 5G descriptive model prescriptive model port logistics systems use case

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