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Identifying critical features of complex systems under prior known conditions

COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2011年第3期61卷 788-793页

作者： Chang, Cheng-Wen Chiang, David M. Wu, Andy Wei-Di Chang, Yen-Chang Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Business Adm Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Hsinchu Univ Educ Dept Appl Math Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Identifying critical activities or subsystems is usually the first step in reducing the complexity of systems. The design structure matrix (DSM) is a highly effective tool for managing a complex system by identifying and prioritizing critical activities. However, a standard DSM has limited application to systems with prior known conditions or practical application constraints. In this paper, we develop a conditional DSM method in order to identify critical features under some prior known conditions or existing constraints. This method of analysis is applied to a wafer fabrication case to verify its utility. In addition, this paper aims to make the DSM far more effective and broad in its application. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： design structure matrix Conditional constraints Semiconductor manufacture Critical feature

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Simulating progressive iteration, rework and change propagation to prioritise design tasks

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RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING design 2014年第4期25卷 283-307页

作者： Maier, Jakob F. Wynn, David C. Biedermann, Wieland Lindemann, Udo Clarkson, P. John Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Cambridge CB2 1PZ England Tech Univ Munich Lehrstuhl Prod Entwicklung D-85748 Garching Germany

design tasks need to be rescheduled and reprioritised frequently during product development. Inappropriate priority decisions generate rework;thus, the policy used to guide such decisions may have a significant effect on design cost and lead time. Generic priority rules provide easily implementable guidelines for task prioritisation and are theoretically effective for many planning problems. But can they be used in design processes, which include iteration, rework and changes? In this article, a discrete-event simulation model is developed to investigate priority policies in design. The model explores the combined effects of progressive iteration, rework and change propagation during design of interconnected parts in a product architecture. design progression is modelled as an increase in the maturity of parts;rework and change propagation cause maturity levels in certain parts to reduce. Twelve product architecture models ranging in size from 7 to 32 elements are simulated to draw qualitative and general insights. Sensitivity of the findings to assumptions and model inputs is tested. Generally effective priority policies are identified, and their impact is shown to depend on the interconnectedness and organisation of product architecture, as well as the degree of concurrency in the design process.

关键词： Change propagation Iteration Process simulation design maturity design structure matrix

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Module division method of complex products for responding to user's requirements

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ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2023年 82卷 404-413页

作者： Hao, Juan Gao, Xinqin Liu, Yong Han, Zhoupeng Xian Univ Technol Sch Mech & Precis Instrument Engn Xian 710048 Peoples R China Xian Univ Technol Shaanxi Modern Equipment Green Mfg Collaborat Inn Xian 710048 Peoples R China

With the gradual diversification of personalized usage scenarios, user requirements play a direct role in product design decisions. Due to the problem of fuzzy demand caused by user cognitive bias, traditional design methods usually focus on realizing product functions and cannot effectively match user requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a complex product module division method for user requirements. The method constitutes of three tasks, requirement analysis of module division, design mapping of module division and scheme implementation of module division. Firstly, based on the progressive architecture from initial requirements to precise requirements, the effective user requirements are obtained through similarity recommendation. Secondly, according to the four types of knowledge of function, geometry, physics and design, the design structure matrix is constructed to complete the Requirement-Function-structure mapping. The improved Fuzzy C-means Algorithm is used to solve the mapping model, and finally a module division scheme that meets the user requirements is obtained. Taking the chip removal machine as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the method are verified. The results show that the product modules divided by this method can effectively meet the multiple user requirements.

关键词： User requirements Modular division design structure matrix Fuzzy C-means Algorithm

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Towards an automatic engineering change management in smart product-service systems - A DSM-based learning approach

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ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS 2019年 39卷 203-213页

作者： Zheng, Pai Chen, Chun-Hsien Shang, Suiyue Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Delta NTU Corp Lab Cyber Phys Syst Singapore 639798 Singapore

The rapid development and implementation of smart, connected products (SCPs) in the engineering field has triggered a promising manufacturing paradigm of servitization, i.e. smart product-service systems (Smart PSS). As a complex solution bundle in both system and product level, its engineering change management differs from the existing ones mainly in two aspects. Firstly, massive in-context stakeholder-generated/product-sensed data during usage stage can be leveraged to enable its success in a data-driven manner. Secondly, the digitalized services, consisting of both hardware and software solutions, can also be changed in a more flexible way other than the physical components alone. Nevertheless, scarcely any work reports on how to conduct engineering change in such context, let alone a systematic approach to support the automatic generation of its change prediction or recommendation. Aiming to fill these gaps, this work proposes an occurrence-based design structure matrix (DSM) approach together with a three-way based cost-sensitive learning approach for automatic engineering change management in the Smart PSS environment. This informatics-based research, as an explorative study, overcomes the subjectivity and tedious assessment of the experts in the conventional approaches, and can offer useful guidelines to the manufacturing companies for managing their engineering changes for product-service innovation process.

关键词： Product service systems design structure matrix Engineering change management Data-driven design Three-way decision making Digitalization

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Coordination implications of software architecture in a global software development project

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2010年第10期83卷 1881-1895页

作者： Avritzer, Alberto Paulish, Daniel Cai, Yuanfang Sethi, Kanwarpreet Siemens Corp Res Princeton NJ 08540 USA Drexel Univ Dept Comp Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

In this paper, we report on our experience of using design structure matrices (DSMs), derived from architecture models developed at early stages of the project, to reveal the coordination needs among globally distributed development teams. Our approach is to automatically transform the box-and-line style software architecture model into an augmented constraint network (ACN), from which a DSM can be automatically generated. After that, we represent the coordination structure among the team members as communication matrices (COMs). We then assess the consistency between the DSM and COMs. Analysis of data gathered during the Global Studio Project Version 3.0 revealed that the architectural DSM model, representing the software modular structure, is highly consistent with the COMs that represent the actual coordination structure, showing that an architectural DSM has the potential to help guide the task assignments in global software development projects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Architecture analysis design structure matrix Global software development

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The misalignment of product architecture and organizational structure in complex product development

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MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2004年第12期50卷 1674-1689页

作者： Sosa, ME Eppinger, SD Rowles, CM INSEAD F-77305 Fontainebleau France MIT Sloan Sch Management Cambridge MA 02139 USA Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Adv Engine Program E Hartford CT 06108 USA

Product architecture knowledge is typically embedded in the communication patterns of established development organizations. While this enables the development of products using the existing architecture, it hinders the organization's ability to implement novel architectures, especially for complex products. structured methods addressing this issue are lacking, as previous research has studied complex product development from two separate perspectives: product architecture and organizational structure. Our research integrates these viewpoints with a structured approach to study how design interfaces in them product architecture map onto communication patterns within the development organization. We investigate how organizational and system boundaries, design interface strength;indirect interactions, and system modularity impact the alignment of design interfaces and team interactions. We hypothesize and test how these factors explain the existence of the following cases: (1) known design interfaces not addressed by team intractions, and (2) observed team interactions not predicted by design interfaces. Our results offer important insights to managers dealing with interdependences across organizational and functional boundaries. In particular, we show how boundary effects moderate the impact of design interface strength and indirect team interactions and are contingent on system modularity. The research uses data collected from a large commercial aircraft engine development process.

关键词： product architecture product development organizations technical communication design structure matrix statistical network analysis

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A module-based thermal design approach for distributed product development

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RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING design 2011年第4期22卷 279-295页

作者： Seki, Kenichi Nishimura, Hidekazu Keio Univ Grad Sch Syst Design & Management Kohoku Ku Kanagawa 2238526 Japan

Today, market demand for smaller, more powerful consumer electronics is rapidly posing a major challenge to product design. Several issues have been identified as major factors that affect the quality, cost, and delivery of product design in the so-called distributed design project. To address these concerns, a structured design method is needed. This paper proposes a design framework that can moderate inconsistent performance of system components (modules) resulting from a lack of communication between design sites. Module interconnection parameters at a system level are determined using the behavior-coupling matrix and work distribution matrix;initial design target values (ITVs) for system boundary conditions are provided for each module design. Our results show that system decomposition using ITVs offers a suitable framework for designing a product, considering the overall system behavior where each module is independently designed at different locations.

关键词： Global engineering Thermal design Consumer electronics Product development process design structure matrix Multiple-domain matrix

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A Novel Approach to DSM-Based Activity Sequencing Problem

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 2011年第4期58卷 688-705页

作者： Qian, Yanjun Lin, Jun Goh, Thong Ngee Xie, Min Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Management Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Publ Policy & Adm Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Dept Ind & Syst Engn Singapore 119077 Singapore

Recently, there has been a growing interest in applying the design structure matrix (DSM) for planning projects that consist of many interrelated activities. One important objective of planning is to find an activity sequence so as to minimize the sum of superdiagonal numbers in a DSM. It is known that the problem is NP-complete and is difficult to solve. In this study, we prove several structural properties of the problem, and propose a heuristic for obtaining good feasible solutions. We find that based on the fold operation, a block of activities can be treated as a single activity. A novel hybrid algorithm is then presented for solving large activity sequencing problems. Finally, we perform a number of experiments and show that good solutions can be easily obtained by our approach. Moreover, the improvement achieved by the proposed approach is significant.

关键词： design structure matrix heuristic hybrid optimization approach iterative process project scheduling

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Generation of a function-component-parameter multi-domain matrix from structured textual function specifications

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RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING design 2018年第4期29卷 531-546页

作者： Wilschut, T. Etman, L. F. P. Rooda, J. E. Vogel, J. A. Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat Grote Projecten Onderhoud NL-3526 LA Utrecht Netherlands

This study introduces a method to build a multi-domain matrix (MDM), visualizing the intended architecture of a system within the component, function, and parameter domains. The MDM is generated from textual function specifications that are subject to a specific grammatical structure and vocabulary based upon the functional basis and interaction basis as presented in the literature. Two types of functions are distinguished: functions specifying what functionality a particular component provides to another component, and functions specifying the internal working (transformation of flow) of a particular component. The fixed grammar for the specification of the two types of functions allows for the automated derivation of dependencies between components, between functions of components, and between system parameters. A case study on a navigation lock demonstrates that the system architecture generated from function specifications matches the architecture of the real lock system fairly well. As such the method can be used in the early design phase to reveal the product architecture that is embodied in the function specifications of system components. The method may also support modeling of high-definition DSMs of existing engineering systems.

关键词： System architecture Linguistic function specification design structure matrix DSM Multi-domain matrix MDM Functional basis Interaction basis

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Narrowing the set of complex systems' possible design solutions derived from the set-based concurrent engineering approach

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第3期27卷 233-248页

作者： Ammar, Randa Hammadi, Moncef Choley, Jean-Yves Barkallah, Maher Louati, Jamel Haddar, Mohamed Lab SUPMECA Quartz EA 7393 3 Rue Fernand Hainaut F-93400 St Ouen France Univ Sfax LA2MP Lab ENIS Sfax Tunisia

Nowadays, complex systems are dominating our contemporary as well as professional lives. These modern technical products are considered as mechatronic systems which incorporate mechanics with electronics, software, and control in various domains mainly transport, medicine, and robotics. The development of these modern technical products is thus so tough. Hence, mechatronics' critical challenges are to be not only well understood but also supported by practical models and tools in order to overcome this difficulty. Moreover, using the traditional design method which is point based is inefficient as it leads to a huge decrease in the innovation potential through limiting the design space to few solutions, an important increase in the cost of the product as well as production delay due to the great number of iterations. Some product development practices have shifted from using the "fixed-point design" approach to the "set-based design" one. Indeed, the set-based concurrent engineering widely considers a set of possible solutions and then shrinks the number of possibilities in order to converge toward a final solution. Yet, since this approach is too difficult to be put into action, a small number of industries in the field of mechatronics use the set-based concurrent engineering concept. Accordingly, this work aims to develop a novel method for the purpose of facilitating the development of a complex product based on the set-based concurrent engineering method and its implementation in an industrial setting by developing an algorithm to find the set of possible solutions to the design problem and narrow this set to merge toward the final solution. Finally, this algorithm is implemented using "Python" language.

关键词： mechatronic system set-based concurrent engineering design structure matrix domain mapping matrix dependency graph electronic throttle body

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