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Managing Complexity in Aircraft design Using design structure matrix

CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2011年第4期19卷 283-294页

作者： Shekar, Bharath Venkataram, R. Satish, B. M. E Point Coll Engn & Technol Bangalore Karnataka India

Modern aerospace systems have reached a level of complexity that requires systematic methods for their design. The development of products in aircraft industry involves numerous engineers from different disciplines working on independent components. Routine activities consume a significant part of aircraft development time. To be competitive, aircraft industry needs to manage complexity and readjust the ratio of innovative versus routine work. Thus, the main objective is to develop an approach that can manage complexity in engineering design, reduce the design cycle time, and reduce the product development cost. The design structure matrix (DSM) is a simple tool to perform both analysis and management of complex systems. It enables the user to model, visualize, and analyze the dependencies among the functional group of any system and derive suggestions for the improvement or synthesis of a system. This article illustrates with a case study how DSM can be used to manage complexity in aircraft design process. The result of implementing the DSM approach for Light Combat Aircraft (Navy) at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, India, (in aircraft design) show primary benefits of 75% reduction in routine activities, 33% reduction in design cycle time, 50% reduction in rework cost, and 30% reduction in product and process development cost of aircraft.

关键词： sequential design concurrent engineering design structure matrix aerospace

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Healthcare process modularization using design structure matrix

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ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS 2019年 39卷 320-330页

作者： Zhang, Xiaojin Ma, Shuang Chen, Songlin Tan Tock Seng Hosp OCEAN Singapore Singapore Beijing Inst Technol Sch Management & Econ Beijing Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

The healthcare industry is confronted with the challenge of offering customized services while in the meantime to control increasing healthcare costs. Modularization is an important approach to reduce healthcare costs and improve patient-centered services via decreasing process complexity and enhancing flexibility through configuring pre-identified service modules. Recognizing the importance of modularity for healthcare services, this paper introduces design structure matrix (DSM) as a technique for healthcare process modularization. A DSM-based modularization and sequencing algorithm is developed to allocate healthcare activities to service modules using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and arrange sequences of services both within and across service modules to support modular clinical pathway design. The proposed algorithm is implemented with a case study, the results of which have demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of the proposed DSM-based modularization method for healthcare process design.

关键词： Healthcare service Process design Modularization design structure matrix Genetic algorithm

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A systematic approach for supply chain improvement using design structure matrix

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2007年第2期18卷 285-299页

作者： Chen, Shi-Jie (Gary) Huang, Enzhen Montana State Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Bozeman MT 59717 USA

Supply chain is a complex system that involves many system elements from various functional areas. Performance of a supply chain heavily depends on the effectiveness of communication and coordination among these system elements and functional areas. However, a large and complex supply chain usually makes it difficult to coordinate and thus degrades its performance. This paper focuses on the development of a systematic approach with the following objectives: (1) to identify and quantify the interactions among the system elements in a supply chain;(2) to decompose the large interdependent group of system elements into smaller and manageable sub- groups;and thus (3) to improve the structure of the supply chain system. A supply chain system is first decomposed into subsystems and system elements from which the interactions (i.e., independent, dependent and interdependent relationships) are studied and documented by design structure matrix (DSM). Next, the interaction strengths among the related system elements are quantified. Cluster analysis is used to decompose the large interdependent group into smaller ones in order to provide a better supply chain system structure. The effectiveness of this systematic approach is demonstrated by an illustrative example. The result shows that it is able to improve the system structure of a supply chain that will be useful for the supply chain reengineering.

关键词： supply chain system supply chain management design structure matrix system decomposition cluster analysis

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Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems: A review and new directions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 2001年第3期48卷 292-306页

作者： Browning, TR Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co Ft Worth TX 76101 USA

Systems engineering of products, processes, and organizations requires tools and techniques for system decomposition and integration. A design structure matrix (DSM) provides a simple, compact, and visual representation of a complex system that supports innovative solutions to decomposition and integration problems. The advantages of DSMs vis-a-vis alternative system representation and analysis techniques have led to their increasing use in a variety of contexts, including product development, project planning, project management, systems engineering, and organization design. This paper reviews two types of DSMs, static and time-based DSMs, and four DSM applications: 1) Component-Based or Architecture DSM, useful for modeling system component relationships and facilitating appropriate architectural decomposition strategies;2) Team-Based or Organization DSM, beneficial for designing integrated organization structures that account for team interactions;3) Activity-Based or Schedule DSM, advantageous for modeling the information flow among process activities;and 4) Parameter-Based (or low-level schedule) DSM, effective for integrating low-level design processes based on physical design parameter relationships. A discussion of each application is accompanied by an industrial example. The review leads to conclusions regarding the benefits of DSMs in practice and barriers to their use. The paper also discusses research directions and new DSM applications, both of which may be approached with a perspective on the four types of DSMs and their relationships.

关键词： design structure matrix information flow integration analysis modularity organization design product architecture product development project management project planning scheduling systems engineering

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A product module identification approach based on axiomatic design and design structure matrix

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第3期20卷 185-194页

作者： Cheng, Qiang Zhang, Guojun Gu, Peihua Shao, Xinyu Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol State Engn Res Ctr Mfg Equipment Digitalizat Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Beijing Univ Technol Coll Mech Engn & Appl Elect Technol Beijing Peoples R China Shantou Univ Dept Mechatron Engn Shantou Peoples R China

In terms of creating customized products rapidly, modularity is deemed to be an effective developmental strategy for handling product variety and intricacy. In order to develop reasonable modular product architecture with physically detachable modules, a new systematic and structured approach for product modularization based on axiomatic design and design structure matrix is proposed. The product is decomposed hierarchically into its functional, physical, and process domains using axiomatic design method. After transformation from design matrix to design structure matrix, the pertinence design structure matrices of design parameters describing function, structure, and manufacturing process are constructed. Besides, a manufacturing process similarity matrix of design parameters is established. Finally, a genetic algorithm combined with the minimal description length is employed to realize the modularization optimization after integration of the above matrices. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, an indoor air conditioner unit is presented as a demonstrative example.

关键词： Modular design axiomatic design design structure matrix modularization module

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Information leaders in product development organizational networks: Social network analysis of the design structure matrix

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 2006年第4期53卷 570-582页

作者： Batallas, Diego Andres Yassine, Ali A. Univ Illinois IESE Prod Dev Res Lab Urbana IL 61801 USA

Many models of Product Development (PD) are concerned with managing the decomposition and integration of tasks, teams and subsystems transforming a conceptual idea into a finished product. Specifically, a PD process is formed of cross-functional teams continuously exchanging information on specified tasks. to integrate the product's final structure. Recently, it has been shown that large PD networks (e.g., tasks, teams, or components) follow a Scale Free structure. That is, each PD network included hubs that control information flow. Nevertheless, there is no literature on the implications of these findings on PD management. As a consequence, the objective of this paper is two-folded. -First, we examine a set of mathematical measures such as centrality and brokerage used in Social Networks Analysis (SNA) to identify critical players in PD networks. Second, we link these findings to insights and recommendations for the management of complex PD organizational networks;in particular, detection and role designation of information leaders based on the given PD network structure.

关键词： centrality and brokerage measures design structure matrix information flow product development social networks

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Enhancing Axiomatic design with design structure matrix

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2009年第2期17卷 129-137页

作者： Tang, Dunbing Zhu, Renmiao Dai, Sheng Zhang, Guangjun Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Mech & Elect Engn Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

Axiomatic design (AD) is a popular creative design method, which provides a systematic and scientific basis for making design solutions. The AD method is concentrated on how to find suitable design parameters to meet the needs of functional requirements, while certain system interaction factors and constraints (such as physical connectivity) are not catered directly. As a structured modeling method, more recently the design structure matrix (DSM) model has been regarded as a good roadmap of system interactions. DSM is a good tool representing interactions among design objectives and facilitating analysis of these interactions. Based on the complementarities between AD and DSM, it is proposed to enhance the AD method with DSM. The underlying logic is transforming the AD's design matrix into corresponding DSM for system interaction evaluation, thereby improving the feasibility of AD result. A design example of friction drive conveyor is given to illustrate the proposed design method.

关键词： axiomatic design design structure matrix design theory

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Integration of axiomatic design and design structure matrix for the modular design of automobile parts

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE 2022年第3期236卷 296-306页

作者： Park, Sang-ok Yoon, Jongmin An, Hochan Park, Jeonggyu Park, Gyung-Jin Hanyang Univ Dept Mech Engn 55 Hanyangdeahak Ro Ansan 15588 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Res Dev Div Hyundai Motor Grp Hwaseong Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea Hyundai Motor Grp Elect Mfg Engn R Team Uiwang Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea

As the demands of customers in the modern industry increased, the number of products, and the variety of components has increased. These issues have led to difficulties in product development and production. Modularization of products has advantages such as cost reduction, product development time reduction, and production time reduction. Modular design of products has been studied in the design activities of the modern industry. In this study, a modular design method is proposed to design a modular product based on axiomatic design (AD) and design structure matrix (DSM). AD and DSM are efficiently integrated into the proposed method. Functional requirements and design parameters are defined based on the Independence Axiom of AD, and the zigzagging process of AD is employed for the decomposition of the functional requirements (FRs) and design parameters (DPs). The design sequence is established based on the design matrix. Coupled or functionally close DPs are grouped into a module (Module 1). These modules are efficiently used in the design sequence. DSM is used to modularize the design parameters of the lowest level of axiomatic design. DSM is constructed based on physical interfaces and numerical clustering algorithms are used to identify strongly related components. They are grouped into a module (Module 2). Module 2 is exploited for production and management. Therefore, these two modules for different purposes can be used to increase efficiency in the design and production process. The proposed method is applied to two automobile parts such as the suspension system and cooling system. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of usefulness.

关键词： Axiomatic design design structure matrix modular design suspension system cooling system

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An application of the design structure matrix to Integrated Concurrent Engineering

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2010年第5-6期66卷 937-949页

作者： Avnet, Mark S. Weigel, Annalisa L. MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

This paper demonstrates an application of the design structure matrix (DSM) to Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE), an approach to conceptual space systems design intended to increase the pace of work by bringing together all relevant personnel in the same room to conduct focused, collaborative one-week design studies. Although the DSM methodology explicitly incorporates the concurrent aspects of engineering design, it has not been applied formally to an integrated, rapid design environment such as ICE. In this paper, a DSM consisting of 172 design parameters and 682 dependencies is constructed to represent the typical process employed at the Mission design Laboratory (MDL), an ICE facility at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Analysis of the DSM reveals an optimal sequencing among five phases of the ICE design process, the interdependent disciplines in the design team, and a set of starting assumptions that can be made at the outset of the work to facilitate a more structured approach to the highly complex and iterative process of space systems design. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integrated Concurrent Engineering design structure matrix

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Research on design structure matrix and its applications in product development and innovation: an overview

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY 2010年第3-4期37卷 218-229页

作者： Xiao, Renbin Chen, Tinggui Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Inst Syst Engn Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol CAD Ctr Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China

Firms rely on new product development to succeed in competitive global markets. Competition forces these firms to launch more innovation products in shorter periods of time. However, owing to complexity of product development and innovation, it is difficult to model product development process with traditional modelling tools, such as directed graph, Petri-Nets and so on. design structure matrix (DSM) has attracted extensive attention among scholars due to its visual and compact matrix expression format. This paper first reviews four types of DSMs and their applications in engineering;and then, several algorithms (i.e. partitioning, tearing, banding, clustering) are introduced in brief;after that, the applications of DSM in concurrent engineering, virtual enterprise and other fields are introduced. In addition, hybrid model of four DSM types as well as numerical DSM (NDSM) and its applications are discussed. Finally, the limitations and expansions of DSM are made as the promising area for further research.

关键词： DSM design structure matrix product development and innovation information flow project management

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