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Synthesis, design and operation optimization of a combined cycle integrated energy system including optimization of the seasonal speed of a VLCC

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART M-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT 2021年第1期235卷 41-67页

作者： Sakalis, George N. Tzortzis, George J. Frangopoulos, Christos A. Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn Heroon Polytech 9 Zografos 15780 Greece

The study of an integrated energy system is presented in this article that will cover all types of energy loads (mechanical, electrical, thermal) on a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) with the maximum technically possible and economically feasible exploitation of fuel energy, thus reducing the operating cost and environmental footprint of the ship. There may be a large variety of configurations, design specifications and operating states that can cover the loads, making it necessary to apply synthesis, design and operation optimization of the system. The net present value of the system is selected as the objective function. For this purpose, a superconfiguration of the system is considered, which includes a number of Diesel engines adapted for possible operation in a combined Diesel and Rankine cycle, heat recovery steam generators producing high and low pressure steam, steam turbines that can contribute to propulsion and/or to the electricity production, an exhaust gas boiler and auxiliary boilers, as well as Diesel-generator sets. The synthesis of the system, that is, the components that will finally exist in the system, and their interconnections, the design specification of the components and the operating properties at characteristic operating states of the ship are not predetermined, but they are the result of formal, mathematical optimization. In addition, the speed of the vessel in each state, an important operational variable that has a crucial effect on the propulsion power and thus on the fuel consumption, is also determined by the optimization. The hull characteristics, the loading condition and the weather state are taken into account for the calculation of the propulsion power. For the optimization, proper models of the various components have been developed and the optimization problem is solved by addressing the three levels (synthesis, design, and operation) at a single computational step. The benefits of optimization, as well as the conditions that

关键词： Ship energy system combined cycle VLCC synthesis design and operation optimization

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design and operation optimization of Distributed Solar Energy System Based on Dynamic operation Strategy

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ENERGIES 2021年第1期14卷 69页

作者： Liu, Yanfeng Wang, Yaxing Luo, Xi Xian Univ Architecture & Technol State Key Lab Green Bldg Western China Xian 710055 Peoples R China

The rapid urbanization in Northwest China highlights the mismatch of increasing energy demand and limited local energy supply. Nevertheless, the remote areas in Northwest China are abundant with rich solar energy resources and land space resource. Therefore, establishing a distributed solar energy system (DSES) is a feasible solution to the energy supply problem in remote Northwest China. Due to the strong fluctuations in the availability of solar energy, operation strategies based on fixed parameters may not ensure optimal operation of DSESs. In this study, dynamic operation strategies that allocate surplus power from photovoltaic panels according to variable ratios were developed in both grid-connected and off-grid scenarios, a joint optimization model for optimizing the design and operation of a DSES was established based on the dynamic operation strategies, and a DSES of a residential building in Shaanxi Province was used as a case study. The analysis results indicate that: (1) The dynamic operation strategy can effectively reduce the operating cost of the DSES in both the grid-connected and off-grid scenarios, and the efficiency of the proposed strategy can be further enhanced by increasing the difference between peak and valley time-of-use electricity prices in the grid-connected scenario;(2) the difference between peak and valley time-of-use electricity prices has a significant impact on the optimal capacity of the batteries in the grid-connected scenario when the dynamic operation strategy is implemented. The greater the difference between peak and valley time-of-use electricity prices, the greater the configured capacity of the batteries;(3) in terms of abandoned photovoltaic power in the off-grid scenario, the three operation strategies considered in this study can be arranged in an ascending order (i.e., strategy B, strategy A, and the dynamic operation strategy). The dynamic operation strategy achieves a reduction of 12.4% in abandoned photovoltaic power

关键词： distributed solar energy system design and operation optimization dynamic operation strategy genetic algorithm (GA) multi-energy complementary

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Multi-objective operational optimization of a multi-energy liquid air energy storage (LAES) in a hydrogen-based green energy hub in Singapore

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2025年 122卷

作者： Tafone, A. Pivetta, D. Taccani, R. Del Mondo, F. Mazzoni, S. Romagnoli, A. TUMCREATE 1 CREATE Way10-02 CREATE Tower Singapore 138602 Singapore Univ Trieste Dept Engn & Architecture Trieste Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore Singapore

With the increasing penetration of renewable energies, energy storage systems are crucial to addressing supply intermittency, reducing energy peaks and decreasing primary energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Furthermore, these systems improve the efficiency and reduce the operating costs of polygeneration plants that integrate electricity, thermal energy and cooling systems. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) has emerged as a promising technology due to its thermomechanical nature and longer lifespan compared to battery energy storage systems (BESS), as it is less affected by duty cycles. This study techno-economically analyzes the energy dispatch optimisation problem for an industrial port area (IPA) in a tropical region, using a mixed-integration linear programming approach. The performances of three different electrical energy storage technologies (i.e. BESS, hydrogen storage using alkaline electrolysers and LAES) are analysed in a capacity range of 5 MWh to 50 MWh. The results show that, at higher capacities, LAES achieves lower total costs compared to both BESS and hydrogen storage, whereas at lower capacities, LAES and BESS produce comparable economic returns. Hydrogen, while providing potential emission reductions for IPA, is not a cost-effective for electrical energy storage when using electrolysers and fuel cells integrated into the energy system. Therefore, this work highlights that LAES is a competitive and efficient energy storage option for polygeneration plants, particularly when combined with a liquid hydrogen regasification plant. The potential integration of the technology with other energy systems is further explored and discussed.

关键词： Liquid Air Energy Storage Carnot battery Energy storage Hydrogen storage Polygeneration design and operation optimization Industrial port area Port decarbonization

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Digital twin-enhanced laser cutting production system design and operation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2025年第2期38卷 228-254页

作者： Fu, Zhuorui Zhao, Ning Luo, Lei Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Mech Engn Beijing Peoples R China

The design and operation of laser cutting production systems (LCPS) are critical for reducing cost and improving efficiency. In this study, a digital twin (DT) approach for the LCPS is proposed to enhance their design and operation. The DT is generated by mapping the parameters and characteristics of the physical entities in the LCPS as well as the operational logic into the virtual space. Using simulation technology, virtual LCPS corresponding to various designs are enumerated and evaluated rapidly in a virtual space. Consequently, the best design is identified and used as the adopted design. The DT generated in the design phase can be further employed in the operational phase of the LCPS. By inputting the actual production order and collecting the real-time data of physical LCPS, the production performance is predicted and optimized by the DT. Genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the schedule. Finally, the practicality, effectiveness, and the implementation of the proposed approach are verified using two numerical experiments and a practical case study.

关键词： Digital twin production system design design and operation optimization laser cutting

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Performance Prediction of a Range of Diverse Solid Oxide Fuel Cells using Deep Learning and Principal Component Analysis 4

Performance Prediction of a Range of Diverse Solid Oxide Fue...

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4th Modeling, Estimation, and Control Conference (MECC)

作者： Salehi, Zeynab Tofigh, Mohamadali Vafaeenezhad, Sajad Kharazmi, Ali Smith, Daniel J. Koch, Charles Robert Shahbakhti, Mahdi Univ Alberta Dept Mech Engn 116 St & 85 Ave Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada Cummins Inc Res & Technol Dept R&T 1900 McKinley Ave Columbus IN 47201 USA

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a common fuel cell type that has high efficiency. SOFC is a complex non-linear system, subject to aging and manufacturing variation, which makes performance prediction difficult. To estimate the SOFC performance data-driven methods allow a trade-off between computation cost and accuracy. Eight different SOFC tubular cells with different properties are fabricated and experimentally tested in 18 different operating conditions. A deep neural network (DNN) is used to predict the output voltage of the cells. The input features of this network are the cell physical properties determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and the operating parameters. As a first step, all measurable features are provided to principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection resulting in a 50% reduction in features, resulting in a corresponding 50% reduction in the training time of the DNN. This trained DNN is able to capture the non-linear voltage drop of concentration polarization in the current density-voltage (J-V) curves. The prediction performance of the network is evaluated using three performance metrics of coefficient of determination (R-2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) with satisfactory accuracy for both the training and test datasets. For all predictions, R-2 is 0.99, MAPE is less than 1%, and RMSE is 0.0001 on the test dataset. During the training process, both the validation loss and training loss approach zero indicating that the trained model is not overfitted. The DNN model can be useful for design and operation optimization purposes. Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Solid Oxide Fuel Cell design and operation optimization Deep learning Principal Component Analysis Data-driven Modeling

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Intertemporal optimization of synthesis, design and operation of integrated energy systems of ships: General method and application on a system with Diesel main engines

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APPLIED ENERGY 2018年第Sep.15期226卷 991-1008页

作者： Sakalis, George N. Frangopoulos, Christos A. Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn Heroon Polytecnhiou 9 Zografos 15780 Greece

The need to decrease fuel consumption and environmental pollution caused by ships leads to the development of complex and integrated systems that produce all forms of energy needed (mechanical, electrical and thermal) with as low fuel consumption as technically possible and economically feasible. A variety of configurations, design specifications and operating states can serve the loads. The question of which combination of those is the best under certain criteria is far from trivial, and relevant engineering decisions have to be supported by optimization procedures. As an aid for this purpose, a method has been developed and presented in this article. A superconfiguration of the system is considered and simulation models of the system and its components are developed. Instead of the three-or two-level approach followed by other methods for the solution of the triple optimization problem (synthesis-design-operation), a single-level approach is followed by the present method. As for the operation optimization, all the operating modes are optimized simultaneously. Due to the discontinuity and multimodality of the optimization problem, gradient-based methods are not particularly successful for the solution. Instead, a genetic algorithm is used. The applicability of the method is demonstrated with numerical examples, while its versatility, i.e. its adaptability to alternative conditions or values of parameters, is demonstrated by solving the problem with different sets of data, such as varying fuel price, capital cost and operation profile. Even though the application example is for a ship energy system, the method can also be applied for the optimization of land installations, such as power plants and cogeneration systems, with proper modification.

关键词： Synthesis optimization design and operation optimization Marine energy systems Combined cycles Thermal systems optimization Intertemporal optimization

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Intertemporal Static and Dynamic optimization of Synthesis, design, and operation of Integrated Energy Systems of Ships

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ENERGIES 2019年第5期12卷 893-893页

作者： Sakalis, George N. Tzortzis, George J. Frangopoulos, Christos A. Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn Zografos 15780 Greece

Fuel expenses constitute the largest part of the operating cost of a merchant ship. Integrated energy systems that cover all energy loads with low fuel consumption, while being economically feasible, are increasingly studied and installed. Due to the large variety of possible configurations, design specifications, and operating conditions that change with time, the application of optimization methods is imperative. designing the system for nominal conditions only is not sufficient. Instead, intertemporal optimization needs to be performed that can be static or dynamic. In the present article, intertemporal static and dynamic optimization problems for the synthesis, design, and operation (SDO) of integrated ship energy systems are stated mathematically and the solution methods are presented, while case studies demonstrate the applicability of the methods and also reveal that the optimal solution may defer significantly from the solutions suggested with the usual practice. While in other works, the SDO optimization problems are usually solved by two- or three-level algorithms;single-level algorithms are developed and applied here, which tackle all three aspects (S, D, and O) concurrently. The methods can also be applied on land installations, e.g., power plants, cogenerations systems, etc., with proper modifications.

关键词： energy systems integrated ship energy systems synthesis design and operation optimization intertemporal optimization dynamic optimization

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A multi-objective planning tool for the optimal supply of green hydrogen for an industrial port area decarbonization

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2024年 232卷

作者： Pivetta, Davide Tafone, Alessio Mazzoni, Stefano Romagnoli, Alessandro Taccani, Rodolfo Univ Trieste Trieste Italy Tech Univ Munich Singapore Campus Res Excellence & Technol Enterpri Singapore Singapore Univ Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore

This study addresses the challenge of decarbonizing highly energy-intensive Industrial Port Areas (IPA), focusing on emissions from various sources like ship traffic, warehouses, buildings, cargo handling equipment and hard- to-abate industry, typically hosted in port areas. The analysis and proposal of technological solutions and their optimal integration in the context of IPA is a topic of growing scientific interest with considerable social and economic implications. Representing the main novelties of the work, this study introduces (i) the development of a novel IPA energy and green hydrogen hub located in a tropical region (Singapore);(ii) a multi-objective optimization approach to analyse, synthesize and optimize the design and operation of the hydrogen and energy hub, with the aim of supporting decision-making for decarbonization investments. A sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters affecting optimization results, indicating that for large hydrogen demands, imported ammonia economically outperforms other green hydrogen carriers. Conversely, local hydrogen production via electrolysis becomes economically viable when the capital cost of alkaline electrolyser drops by at least 30 %. Carbon tax influences the choice of green hydrogen, but its price variation mainly impacts system operation rather than design. Fuel cells and batteries are not considered economically feasible solutions in any scenario.

关键词： Real industrial port area Import of hydrogen carriers design and operation optimization Port decarbonization Water electrolysis Port hydrogen hub

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Whether the off-design characteristics of equipment should be considered in integrated energy system optimization design models - A case study

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 101卷

作者： Jin, Baohong Liao, Yichuan Liu, Zhichao Hunan Univ Coll Civil Engn Key Lab Bldg Safety & Energy Efficiency Minist Educ Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China

The operational performance of integrated energy systems (IESs) varies with their configuration. The equipment model directly influences the capacity configuration of IESs. The conventional static model assumes that equipment efficiency is constant, ignoring its off-design characteristics. For this reason, this paper establishes a dynamic model considering the off-design characteristics of the equipment. Based on the dynamic and static models, bi-level optimization models with the minimum total cost as the optimization objective are established to optimize the configuration of IESs, and the optimization results are System 1 and System 2, respectively. Then, the operational performance of the two systems under the dynamic optimal scheduling model is compared. The results demonstrate that the capacity of the absorption chiller (ABC), combined heating and power (CHP) unit in System 1 are larger than in System 2 owing to the difference in equipment models, whereas the capacity of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) shows the opposite trend. The larger capacity of the GSHP increases the grid power consumption of System 2 but also reduces its operating efficiency. The greater operation energy con-sumption and grid power consumption make the operating cost, carbon tax, and total cost of System 2 under the design condition higher than that of System 1, with an increased rate of 1.38%, 3.47%, and 1.14%, respectively. As with the design condition, the carbon tax, operating cost, and total cost of System 2 are higher than those of System 1 under both summer and winter operating conditions, particularly under summer operating conditions, where the carbon tax, operating cost, and total cost increase by 2.27%, 1.24%, and 0.88% respectively. Even if the energy price changes, the carbon tax, operating cost and total cost of System 2 in a typical year are still greater than those of System 1. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the off-design characteristics of equipment in the bi-l

关键词： Integrated energy system Bi-level optimization model Off-design design and operation optimization Performance comparison

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Optimal design and operation of solar energy system with heat storage for agricultural greenhouse heating

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT-X 2023年 18卷

作者： Mohebi, Parastoo Roshandel, Ramin Sharif Univ Technol Dept Energy Engn Tehran Iran

A significant challenge of agricultural greenhouses is their high energy demand which is mainly satisfied by fossil fuels resulting in climate change impacts. In this paper, a joint design-operation linear optimization framework for a solar energy system with heat storage is developed to fulfill the agricultural greenhouse heating load. The energy system consists of solar collector, backup boiler, and short-long term heat storages. The developed framework is applied to reach minimum-cost solution. Then, the effects of emission reduction policies, green-house cultivation scheduling, natural gas price, and investment cost scenarios are investigated. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization is performed in terms of minimizing CO2 emissions and total annual cost using epsilon-constraint method. The optimal energy system due to the minimum-cost solution includes a 1065 m2 solar collector and a 1265 kW boiler in combination with 967 kWh and 25 MWh short-term and long-term heat storages, respectively. The 30 % carbon reduction policy results in a 70.5 % increase in solar collector area. The selected optimal solution of the Pareto front, which is the closest solution to the ideal point, has 35.3 % more annual cost and 89.5 % less CO2 emissions compared to the minimum-cost solution.

关键词： design and operation optimization Heat storage Solar thermal collector Agricultural greenhouse

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