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The Determinants and Impacts of Aesthetics in Users' First Interaction with Websites

JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2016年第1期33卷 229-259页

作者： Jiang, Zhenhui (Jack) Wang, Weiquan Tan, Bernard C. Y. Yu, Jie Natl Univ Singapore Dept Informat Syst Singapore 117548 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Sch Comp Singapore 117548 Singapore City Univ Hong Kong Coll Business Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Singapore 117548 Singapore NUS Informat Syst Singapore Singapore Univ Nottingham Business Sch China Informat Syst Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Though aesthetics is generally acknowledged as an important aspect of website design, extant information systems (IS) research on web user experience has rarely studied what affects website aesthetics and how aesthetics influences users' perceptions of the website and the organization behind the website. In this paper, we synthesize prior literature from different academic domains and propose users' perceived quality of five design elements (i.e., unity, complexity, intensity, novelty, and interactivity) as determinants of website aesthetics. We further theorize the effects of aesthetics on users' attitudes toward the website and their perception of the corporate image. Two studies were conducted to test the research model. In Study 1, we adopted a card sorting method and the results provide substantial support to the determinants of website aesthetics. In Study 2, we conducted a survey using ten company portal websites that were unknown to survey respondents. Our analysis further confirms the effects of users' perceived quality of the five design elements on the perception of website aesthetics. The findings of Study 2 also show that users' perception of aesthetics has significant impacts on perceived utility and their attitudes toward the website, which further affects the corporate image exhibited via the website. In addition, we find that in users' first interaction with a website, perceived aesthetics has a larger impact on their attitudes toward the website than perceived utility.

关键词： corporate image design complexity design unity website aesthetics web design website intensity website interactivity

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An MDE Approach for Automatic Code Generation from UML/MARTE to OpenCL

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COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2013年第1期15卷 46-55页

作者： Rodrigues, A. Wendell O. Guyomarc'h, Frederic Dekeyser, Jean-Luc Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara Telemat Dept Fortaleza Ceara Brazil Univ Lille Dept Comp Sci Lille France

To reduce the design complexity of Open CL programming, the approach proposed here generates application code automatically, based on model-driven engineering (MDE) and modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded (MARTE) systems. The aim is to provide application-development resources for nonspecialists in parallel programming, exploiting concepts such as reuse and platform independence.

关键词： Computational complexity Program Compilers Software Engineering Unified Modeling Language MDE Approach Automatic Code Generation UML MARTE System Open CL Programming Model Driven Engineering Modeling And Analysis Of Real Time And Embedded Systems Application Development Resources Parallel Programming design complexity Unified Modeling Language Computational Modeling Computer Architecture Software Engineering Resource Management Parallel Programming Scientific Computing Model Driven Engineering MARTE Open CL GPU High Performance Computing Scientific Computing

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A comparative experimental evaluation on performance of type-1 and interval type-2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING AND CYBERNETICS 2021年第7期12卷 2135-2150页

作者： Yuan, Kehua Li, Wentao Xu, Weihua Zhan, Tao Zhang, Libo Liu, Shuai Southwest Univ Sch Math & Stat Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Southwest Univ Coll Artificial Intelligence Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Automat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

In the literature, there have been numerous studies demonstrating experimentally that type-2 fuzzy models outperform their type-1 counterparts. Although the advantages of these models seem to be well justified, the quantification of the improvements is not carefully evaluated and critically assessed in the existing studies. A thorough multi-objective experimental numeric evaluation of benefits of type-2 fuzzy models is still lacking. In this study, a numeric evaluation of the performance of type-1 and type-2 fuzzy models is carried out in terms of the criteria of accuracy and computing overhead, which leads to a thorough analysis of existing trade-offs between these two performance indexes. In the proposed numeric evaluation, type-2 fuzzy models are evaluated against their associated type-1 counterparts (the type-2 associated type-1 models sharing similar structure and the same development method). Three architectures of fuzzy models are involved in the comparative studies presented here: (1) fuzzy clustering method-based Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models (Fuzzy C-Means based type-1, Fuzzy C-Means based interval type-2);(2) static TS-based fuzzy models (static type-1, A2C0, A2C1, EKFT2 and their associated type-1 models) and (3) evolving TS fuzzy models (SEIT2 and its associated type-1 counterpart, SCIT2 and its associated type-1 model). The experiments are carried out by involving 15 publicly available datasets. The accuracy of these two types of fuzzy models is assessed vis-a-vis their development time. Testing is involved to evaluate whether there are statistically significant differences between the performance of the type-2 and type-1 fuzzy models.

关键词： Accuracy design complexity Experimental evaluation Type-1 TS fuzzy model Type-2 TS fuzzy model

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Experimental method for measuring simplicity in mechanical design

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING design 2018年第1-2期29卷 1-19页

作者： Krayner, Niv Katz, Reuven Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Mech Haifa Israel

Mechanical designers strive to create a simple design that will reduce product's cost and increase its reliability. This paper presents an experimental method for measuring the simplicity of a mechanical design. It also presents a quantitative metric for evaluating the simplicity of product design based on quantifiable design parameters. The simplicity metric was developed by using experts' evaluations of functionally equivalent products. The dominant parameter for predicting an expert's simplicity rating is the number of features required to fully define the examined computer-aided design (CAD) model. This parameter is highly correlated with two additional measured design parameters: number of parts and number of interfaces between parts.

关键词： design simplicity design complexity design complicatedness mechanical design

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PROJECTING SOFTWARE DEFECTS FROM ANALYZING ADA designS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1992年第11期18卷 988-997页

作者： AGRESTI, WW EVANCO, WM MITRE Corporation McLean VA 22102

Models for projecting software defects from analyses of Ada designs are described. The research is motivated by the need for technology to analyze designs for their likely effect on software quality. The models predict defect density based on product and process characteristics. Product characteristics are extracted from a static analysis of Ada subsystems, focusing on context coupling, visibility, and the import-export of declarations. Process characteristics provide for effects of reuse level and extent of changes. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted with empirical data from industry/government-developed projects: sixteen Ada subsystems totaling 149 000 source lines of code. The resulting models explain 63-74 % of the variation in defect density of the subsystems. Context coupling emerged as a consistently significant variable in the models.

关键词： ADA design complexity SOFTWARE design SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT SOFTWARE METRICS SOFTWARE QUALITY SOFTWARE RELIABILITY

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Revealing the extent of process heterogeneity in choice analysis: An empirical assessment

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE 2009年第2期43卷 117-126页

作者： Puckett, Sean M. Hensher, David A. Univ Sydney ITLS Fac Econ & Business Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Choice analysts increasingly use a mix of revealed preference and stated choice data paradigms to identify preferences of samples of individuals that are used to infer behavioural response and willingness to pay for specific attributes. These data are in a sense artificial constructs that are developed to approximate real choice settings of the way that individuals process relevant information in making choices. As such, all data designs formalized through a survey instrument seek information through questions that become descriptions of events and as Such the probabilities of choice that are of interest are strictly probabilities attached to event descriptions and not choice probabilities of events per se. The recognition of this distinction, initially noted by Kahneman et al, [Kahneman, D.. Slovic, P., Tversky. A.. 1982, judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press, New York], can be captured, at least in part, through the idea of process heterogeneity, as a way of recognizing and accounting for the many ways in which individuals process information, and in part is influenced by the way the analyst describes the context in which preference data is sought. Building on previous contributions on attribute processing, this paper draws on recent empirical evidence to further reinforce the importance of joint modelling of process and outcome in choice analysis. This Study adds to the evidence of a trend emerging on the Upward bias of mean estimates of marginal willingness to pay when ignoring process heterogeneity. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Process heterogeneity Event description Stated choice design complexity Relevance Subadditivity Packaging

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Necessary advances in computer-aided design to leverage on additive manufacturing design freedom

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE design AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM 2022年第4期16卷 1633-1651页

作者： Fuchs, Daniel Bartz, Ronald Kuschmitz, Sebastian Vietor, Thomas Volkswagen AG Berliner Ring 2 D-38440 Wolfsburg Germany Volkswagen AG Gifhorner Str 180 D-38112 Braunschweig Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig Inst Konstrukt Tech Langer Kamp 8 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig Inst Konstiukt Tech Hermann Blenk Str 42 D-38108 Braunschweig Germany

Advances in manufacturing technologies and computational engineering are key enablers for optimized designs necessary for product performance improvements. Amongst other manufacturing technologies, particularly Additive Manufacturing (AM) is pushing the envelope of feasible design complexity challenging design engineers as well as their Computer-Aided design (CAD) tools. The research field of design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) provides an exhaustive supply of specific engineering design knowledge and methodological approaches accordingly. To enable design engineers to put those approaches into practice, this research gathers and structures not yet addressed AM-related requirements on the state of the art CAD tools. Additionally, architectural CAD functions as well as features are being pointed out and envisioned design workflow adaptions introduced, necessary to enable engineers to holistically utilize AM design potentials with CAD systems of the mid-term future.

关键词： design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) Computer-aided design (CAD) design complexity Geometry representation Geometry manipulation Engineering design workflow

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COMPUTER-TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE - AN EVOLVING INTERACTION

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COMPUTER 1991年第9期24卷 18-29页

作者： HENNESSY, JL JOUPPI, NP DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP WESTERN RES LABPALO ALTOCA 94301

The interaction between computer architecture and IC technology is examined. To evaluate the attractiveness of particular technologies, computer designs are assessed primarily on the basis of performance and cost. The focus is mainly on CPU performance, both because it is easier to measure and because the impact of technology is most easily seen in the CPU. The technology trends discussed concern memory size, design complexity and time, and design scaling. Architectural trends in the areas of pipelining, memory systems, and multiprocessing are considered. Opportunities and problems to be solved in the years ahead are identified

关键词： CPU performance IC technology computer architecture computer architecture computer designs cost design complexity design scaling memory size memory systems multiprocessing performance performance evaluation pipelining technology trends

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Beyond geometric complexity: a critical review of complexity theory and how it relates to architecture engineering and construction

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ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019年第5期62卷 371-388页

作者： Pantazis, Evangelos Gerber, David Jason Univ Southern Calif Viterbi Sch Engn Civil & Environm Engn 3620 S Vermont Ave Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Southern Calif Sch Architecture Los Angeles CA USA

The wide application of digital design, the advances of digital fabrication and robotic processes have facilitated the materialization of bespoke geometries. In turn it has raised the issue of how architects can reduce design complexity using computational techniques. This paper presents a survey on complexity theory inclusive of work from the disciplines which range from cybernetics to systems and information theory. We synthesize a taxonomy of different definitions of complexity and ways of managing design complexity by decomposing its different levels as they relate to the fields of architecture, engineering and construction. Our hypothesis is that by reviewing the literature on complexity theory which appears to be highly fragmented, we can aid designers build a better understanding of the underlying principles. Thus designers can develop a more system approach towards the use of digital design tools and make use of concepts coming from the field of complexity theory such as abstraction, adaptation and self-organization in order to come up with novel computational design methods. Such methods can enable designers to deal with design problems holistically and manage design complexity in the contemporary digital design context.

关键词： complexity theory design complexity holistic design complex adaptive systems computational design

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Handling design criticism

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2007年第3期24卷 12-14页

作者： Wirfs-Brock, Rebecca J. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Portland OR 97201 USA

The article discusses various ways of handling criticisms arising out of software design reviews. The author suggests that first of all one needs to categorize the kind of criticism. If it is valid criticism arising out of factual design flaws one needs to take time to decide on what might be done. On the other hand, if this criticism is judgmental without much underlying reason it could be taken lightly but if it is purely personal one better try to not react much and simply ignore it.

关键词： object-oriented methods software engineering software design criticism handling aesthetics design complexity design criticism illogical arguments judgments

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