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MINE detection TECHNOLOGIES ESSENTIAL TO SURVIVABILITY

MINE DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES ESSENTIAL TO SURVIVABILITY

引用

Conference on detection Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets

作者： BARNARD, RL U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819418528

Mine detection is essential to the military forces' mobility and survivability on the battlefield and to the deminers' survivability in humanitarian demining operations. Mine detection technologies are the same but the operational requirements and consequently the technical emphases are different. Twenty-four hour detection capability and rate of detection are essential in military operations while 100 percent probability of detection is essential in demining operations to ensure the inhabitants' safety. My presentation focuses primarily on mine detection technologies for military operations; however, these technologies are very applicable for detecting mines and mine-like targets during humanitarian demining operations.

关键词： Land mines Sensors Mining Standoff detection Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Ground penetrating radar Automatic target recognition Safety Target detection

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GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC REMOTE FTIR INTERFEROGRAMS

GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC REMOTE FTIR INTERFEROGRAMS

引用

Conference on Optical Instrumentation for Gas Emissions Monitoring and Atmospheric Measurements

作者： GRIM, L GRUBER, TC DITILLO, J MESH INC OXFORDPA 19363

ISBN: (纸本)0819417122

Development of chemical detection algorithms for open-path FTIR is complicated due to the restricted release of the target compounds. The testing and verification of these algorithms are often impossible since the toxic target compounds can never be released outside the laboratory. A method of generating synthetic FTIR data by introduction of laboratory absorbance spectra into previously collected clean reference backgrounds facilitates this algorithm testing. A method of synthesizing `field grade' spectra has several additional advantages over actual open air releases. The cost of synthetic data is insignificant compared to the cost of data collected at actual open air releases. Unlike open air releases, the synthetic data's concentration pathlength (CL) and cloud temperature (Tc) are precisely known and easily modified. This capability makes it possible to evaluate the precise limit of detection for each of the algorithms being considered. This method works equally well for passive FTIR (using natural radiation as the source) or active FTIR (using a hot source). It is shown that synthetic spectra and real spectra of a target cloud at the same concentration pathlength and cloud temperature are in good agreement.

关键词： Clouds FT-IR spectroscopy Chemical detection detection and tracking algorithms Black bodies Absorption Algorithm development Fourier transforms Interferometers Absorbance

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STUDIES ON THE OBSERVATION RANGE OF THE NIGHT VISION DEVICES

STUDIES ON THE OBSERVATION RANGE OF THE NIGHT VISION DEVICES

引用

4th Conference in Optics (ROMOPTO 94)

作者： COPOT, G COPOT, R INST OPTOELECTR BUCHARESTROMANIA

ISBN: (纸本)0819418137

The study analyses the observation range and its dependence both on the construction of the apparatus and on the other factors free of it. There are specified these factors and there is presented the algorithm of the observation range estimation. This algorithm was elaborated in order to take into account the influence of all these factors. There is also presented an example for using the algorithm to analyze the performance of an apparatus.

关键词： Ions Target detection Target recognition Eye Transmittance detection and tracking algorithms Image intensifiers Image resolution Night vision Reflectivity

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MIVIS evaluation for hyperspectral sensing of the environment

MIVIS evaluation for hyperspectral sensing of the environmen...

引用

Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources

作者： Barducci, A Pippi, I CNR INST RES ELECTROMAGNET WAVES NELLO CARRARAI-50127 FLORENCEITALY

ISBN: (纸本)0819419494

Since the 1980s the airborne imaging spectrometers have been more and more used for remote sensing of the environment. At the beginning they were utilized for geological investigations, whereas in the following years they have been applied to study vegetation, sea, atmosphere, snow and ice. Moreover that kind of instrumentation will be placed onboard different satellites. The Daedalus AA5000 Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS) is a very promising whisk-broom system, operating at 12 bits resolution in 102 narrow spectral bands from the visible to the thermal infrared. The MIVIS is flown onboard of a CASA 212 aircraft by the CNR-LARA Project. In the summer of 1994 a measurement campaign was carried out in South Italy and hyperspectral data were acquired during the overflight of the volcano Etna from inland to the sea. In order to evaluate the MIVIS performances, we developed some software and algorithms which can perform hyperspectral image processing and visualization under the UNIX operating system with the X Window System. By means of these tools the data were analyzed. Particularly, by applying the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to selected spectral channels, qualitative information on noise patterns affecting MIVIS images was obtained. Preliminary results are shown and discussed.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Algorithm development Infrared radiation Thermography Spectrometers detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Imaging systems Infrared imaging Sensors

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Performance evaluation of linear feature mapping detection/classification algorithms using large SAR clutter dataset 2

Performance evaluation of linear feature mapping detection/c...

引用

Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery II

作者： TABLEWSKI, L CHEN, AM HENDRICKSON, C YU, X BUCK, DL Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Ctr. (United States) Science Applications International Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819418404

Using a linear feature mapping framework, a detector and classifier were developed for detecting and recognizing 2D target patterns in data collected by the SRI ultra wideband synthetic aperture radar (SAR), where limited prior knowledge of the target pattern and clutter statistics was known. Preliminary results on 0.1 square kilometers of the illustrative example site show that this linear feature mapping detector (LFMD) improves the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by 1.5 orders of magnitude over the amplitude only 2-parameter constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, and the linear feature mapping classifier (LFMC) was able to classify 100% of the targets with no false alarms. In this report, the performances of both LFMD and LFMC are evaluated using ROC curves for 54 square kilometers of UHF SAR clutter data. Extensive experimental performance analysis using the large clutter data set shows that the LFMD and LFMC are very effective in detecting and classifying targets embedded in intense clutter background in UHF SAR data. Performance evaluation on 54 square kilometers of clutter data shows that the LFMD has only 0.3 false alarm per square kilometer and approximately 3 orders of magnitude improvement over the amplitude-only 2- parameter CFAR detector at probability of detection P_d equals 100%. The LFMC yields 100% correct classification by perfectly discriminating against the detected potential targets from the clutter data as nontargets.

关键词： Target detection Sensors Synthetic aperture radar Associative arrays detection and tracking algorithms Target recognition Algorithm development Palladium Image resolution Signal detection

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Small target detection from image sequences using recursive max filter

Small target detection from image sequences using recursive ...

引用

Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1995 Conference

作者： NISHIGUCHI, K KOBAYASHI, M ICHIKAWA, A MITSUBISHI ELECTR CORP AMAGASAKIHYOGOJAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819419206

This paper presents a new method for detection of small moving targets from noisy image sequences using a recursive filter, which contains a local maximum filter in the feedback loop. Since all the procedures contained in this method can be implemented by fully parallel algorithm, this method can be realized by a neural network and real-time processing is possible for image sequences at high frame rates. First we investigate the performance of the method on the assumption that the targets move randomly in an image plane and the background noise is white both in time and space. The results show that the proposed method has the ability to suppress the background noise and enhances small moving targets, and that the targets are detected only by thresholding after the processing of the recursive filter. There can be other backgrounds such as clutters and stationary objects. It is also shown that the above method is applicable after preprocessing of conventional time difference method, and is able to suppress these backgrounds. Next we analyze the performance of the method using the property of order statistics. The performance measure is the output signal-to-noise ratio and is represented analytically as a function of input SNR and the parameters included in the method. Finally, the recursive filter is optimized using the result of the analysis.

关键词： Digital filtering Target detection Signal to noise ratio Image filtering detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Statistical analysis Computer simulations Feedback loops Evolutionary algorithms

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WAVELET RADAR TARGET CLASSIFICATION 2

WAVELET RADAR TARGET CLASSIFICATION

引用

2nd Conference on Wavelet Applications

作者： TOPIWALA, P TENG, CJ MITRE CORP BEDFORDMA 01730

ISBN: (纸本)0819418447

Ground-based S-band radars with center frequencies in the 3 GHz range, and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, are currently being considered for the classification/identification of targets in the 50 - 250 km range (low signal-to-noise (SNR) environment). Its main drawback is that it is time and computation intensive, and, for targets at long range, it usually requires a number of looks before an ID decision is made. This leaves open the possibility of alternative approaches to S-band radar target classification. In this paper, we propose a method of classification based on correlation in a nonlinear feature space; our features are generated by a combination of wavelet transform (WT) processing and compression, and Fourier transform (FT)-based methods. The classification itself can be done explicitly by metric criteria, e.g., nearest neighbor or matched-filtering schemes, or implicitly using artificial neural networks; our simulation tests show successful classification with simple matched-filtering in our feature space. While our proposed method could be used to build an entirely different approach to target classification, it makes more sense to incorporate it into the existing classification structure. Since the frequency-domain processing required here is already performed by the existing algorithms, our method would add a minimum of extra computational burden, while opening the possibility of an earlier decision.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Radar Wavelet transforms Fourier transforms detection and tracking algorithms Wavelets S band Electronic filtering Filtering (signal processing) Modulation

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Novel approach to visual robot control

Novel approach to visual robot control

引用

Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XIV - algorithms, Techniques, Active Vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Prljaca, N McCabe, H Dublin City Univ SCH ELECTR ENGN DUBLIN IRELAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819419524

In this paper a new control scheme for a robot manipulator based on visual information is proposed. The control system determines the position and orientation of the robot gripper in order to achieve desired grasping relation between the gripper and a 3D object. The proposed control scheme consists of two distinct stages: (1) Learning stage, in this stage the robot system reconstructs a 3D geometrical model of a presented unknown object within a class of objects (polyhedra), by integrating information from an image sequence obtained from a camera mounted on the robot manipulator (eye-in-hand). This model is represented by a set of 3D line segments and denoted as a reference model. The robot is also taught desired grasping relation by manual guidance. (2) Execution stage, in this stage the robot system reconstructs a 3D model of the arbitrarily placed 3D object. This model is denoted as an observed model. Then, the necessary position and orientation of its gripper is determined based on estimated 3D displacement between the reference and observed models. Further, the basic algorithm is extended to handle multiple objects manipulation and recognition. The performance of the proposed algorithms has been tested on the real robot system and the experimental results are presented.

关键词： 3D modeling 3D metrology 3D image processing detection and tracking algorithms Motion models Visualization Eye models Cameras Robotic systems Control systems

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BOUNDARY detection IN NOISY VECTOR FIELDS

BOUNDARY DETECTION IN NOISY VECTOR FIELDS

引用

Conference on Image Processing - Medical Imaging 1995

作者： DJURIC, PM FWU, JK SUNY STONY BROOK DEPT ELECT ENGNSTONY BROOKNY 11794

ISBN: (纸本)0819417823

In this paper we propose a novel method for boundary detection of vector fields. The derivation is based on the assumption that the observed vector fields are realizations of a spatially quasi-stationary process and that the vector observations at each pixel site are generated by a parametric probability distribution function. The form of the function is known but its parameters are not. To detect and estimate the locations of the boundaries, we use Bayesian theory and adopt the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) criterion. It is shown that the criterion is a penalized maximum likelihood, which is composed of two terms. One is a data term that monotonically decreases as the number of hypothesized boundaries increases. The other term is a penalty that penalizes for the complexity of the model used to describe the data. The MAP solution is the one that minimizes the criterion. Simulation results are provided that show the performance of the proposed method. The results on synthesized magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrate that this technique yields highly accurate estimates of the number of boundaries and their locations even for low contrast-to-noise ratios.

关键词： Data modeling Magnetic resonance imaging Radon Tissues Probability theory Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Image processing Image segmentation

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MULTI-SENSOR FUSION FOR THE detection OF MINES AND MINE LIKE TARGETS

MULTI-SENSOR FUSION FOR THE DETECTION OF MINES AND MINE LIKE...

引用

Conference on detection Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets

作者： HANSHAW, T U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819418528

The US Army's Communications and Electronics Command through the auspices of its Night Vision and Electronics Sensors Directorate (CECOM-NVESD) is actively applying multisensor techniques to the detection of mine targets. This multisensor research results from the 'detection activity' with its broad range of operational conditions and targets. Multisensor operation justifies significant attention by yielding high target detection and low false alarm statistics. Furthermore, recent advances in sensor and computing technologies make its practical application realistic and affordable. The mine detection field-of-endeavor has since its WWI baptismal investigated the known spectra for applicable mine observation phenomena. Countless sensors, algorithms, processors, networks, and other techniques have been investigated to determine candidacy for mine detection. CECOM-NVESD efforts have addressed a wide range of sensors spanning the spectrum from gravity field perturbations, magentic field disturbances, seismic sounding, electromagnetic fields, earth penetrating radar imagery, and infrared/visible/ultraviolet surface imaging technologies. Supplementary analysis has considered sensor candidate applicability by testing under field conditions (versus laboratory), in determination of fieldability. As these field conditions directly effect the probability of detection and false alarms, sensor employment and design must be considered. Consequently, as a given sensor's performance is influenced directly by the operational conditions, tradeoffs are necessary. At present, mass produced and fielded mine detection techniques are limited to those incorporating a single sensor/processor methodology such as, pulse induction and megnetometry, as found in hand held detectors. The most sensitive fielded systems can detect minute metal components in small mine targets but result in very high false alarm rates reducing velocity in operation environments. Furthermore, the actual speed of adva

关键词： Sensors Land mines Target detection Mining General packet radio service Night vision Data fusion Feature extraction Sensor technology detection and tracking algorithms

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