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检索条件"主题词=Detection and tracking algorithms"

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MODEL-BASED VISION FOR CAR FOLLOWING 6

MODEL-BASED VISION FOR CAR FOLLOWING

引用

CONF ON SENSOR FUSION 6

作者： SCHNEIDERMAN, H NASHMAN, M LUMIA, R National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819413240

This paper describes a vision processing algorithm that supports autonomous car following. The algorithm visually tracks the position of a `lead vehicle' from the vantage of a pursuing `chase vehicle.' The algorithm requires a 2-D model of the back of the lead vehicle. This model is composed of line segments corresponding to features that give rise to strong edges. There are seven sequential stages of computation: (1) Extracting edge points; (2) Associating extracted edge points with the model features; (3) Determining the position of each model feature; (4) Determining the model position; (5) Updating the motion model of the object; (6) Predicting the position of the object in next image; (7) Predicting the location of all object features from prediction of object position. All processing is confined to the 2-D image plane. The 2-D model location computed in this processing is used to determine the position of the lead vehicle with respect to a 3-D coordinate frame affixed to the chase vehicle. This algorithm has been used as part of a complete system to drive an autonomous vehicle, a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) such that it follows a lead vehicle at speeds up to 35 km/hr. The algorithm runs at an update rate of 15 Hertz and has a worst case computational delay of 128 ms. The algorithm is implemented under the NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model for Telerobotic Control System Architecture (NASREM) and runs on a dedicated vision processing engine and a VME-based multiprocessor system.

关键词： Motion models Visual process modeling detection and tracking algorithms Lead Sensor fusion Data modeling 3D modeling Visualization Optical tracking Video

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DETECTING AND ELIMINATING FALSE STROKES IN SKELETONS BY GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS

DETECTING AND ELIMINATING FALSE STROKES IN SKELETONS BY GEOM...

引用

CONF ON VISION GEOMETRY

作者： LU, SW XU, H WANG, CA Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819410330

Skeletonization is a process by which a binary pattern of a character is transformed into another binary pattern consisting of its skeleton in order to reduce and extract information for further transmission or recognition. It is very important to preserve the shape of the original pre-thinned pattern in order to keep the necessary information for further processing. However, skeletonizing transformation generally results in distorted representation of the original pattern, and usually affects the possibility of correct recognition in the corresponding character. In this paper, a systematical algorithm is applied to detect and correct the distorted part of the skeleton by geometrical analysis. Hence, a more accurate stroke segmentation can be achieved to tell how the lines (strokes) cross (overlap) each other. Our method significantly reduces the rejection rate and substitution rate for character recognition.

关键词： Vision geometry Silicon Optical character recognition Binary data detection and tracking algorithms Data processing Distance measurement Inspection Computer science Lutetium

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PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VIEWING GEOMETRY ON MONO AND STEREO tracking 7

PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VIEWING GEOMETRY ON MONO A...

引用

7th Conference on Acquisition, tracking, and Pointing

作者： STENGEL, K Nichols Research Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411868

This study considers a satellite-mounted sensor in a 1000-km circular orbit. The sensor is initially placed North, South, East, or West of a ballistic target, at a variety of initial ranges from 500 km to over 3000 km. The initial angle between the sensor and target velocity vectors is varied, from near zero degrees to roughly 180 degrees, in steps of 30 degrees. The tracking algorithm used is a standard Kalman filter. The track errors as a function of track time for several track data rates (once every 2 to 20 seconds) are examined. The error is defined to be the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix. Both the current covariance matrix and the matrix propagated to impact are studied. The study is done for a variety of angular measurement errors, from one microradian to over 100 microradians. The best tracking performance seldom occurs when the target and sensor velocity vectors are crossing, as might be intuitively expected. The track error is very nearly linear with angular error. While increasing the data rate improves tracking performance, doubling the data rate does not improve performance nearly as much as doubling the total track time. The tracking performance does not automatically degrade with inithi range, as might be expected. Once a good track is obtained, further updates to the track can be very infrequent (less than once per 100 seconds), and the track will still improve steadily with time. Stereo tracking, as might be expected, offers dramatically better results than mono tracking.

关键词： Sensors Information operations Silicon Filtering (signal processing) detection and tracking algorithms Error analysis Osmium Automatic tracking Satellites Target acquisition

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ROBUST APPROACH TO OCULAR FUNDUS IMAGE-ANALYSIS

ROBUST APPROACH TO OCULAR FUNDUS IMAGE-ANALYSIS

引用

CONF ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND BIOMEDICAL VISUALIZATION

作者： TASCINI, G PASSERINI, G PULITI, P ZINGARETTI, P Univ. di Ancona (Italy) INRCA (Italy) Univ. di Ancona and INRCA (Italy)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411388

The analysis of morphological and structural modifications of retinal blood vessels plays an important role both to establish the presence of some systemic diseases as hypertension and diabetes and to study their course. The paper describes a robust set of techniques developed to quantitatively evaluate morphometric aspects of the ocular fundus vascular and micro vascular network. They are defined: (1) the concept of 'Local Direction of a vessel' (LD); (2) a special form of edge detection, named Signed Edge detection (SED), which uses LD to choose the convolution kernel in the edge detection process and is able to distinguish between the left or the right vessel edge; (3) an iterative tracking (IT) method. The developed techniques use intensively both LD and SED in: (a) the automatic detection of number, position and size of blood vessels departing from the optical papilla; (b) the tracking of body and edges of the vessels; (c) the recognition of vessel branches and crossings; (d) the extraction of a set of features as blood vessel length and average diameter, arteries and arterioles tortuosity, crossing position and angle between two vessels. The algorithms, implemented in C language, have an execution time depending on the complexity of the currently processed vascular network.

关键词： Surface conduction electron emitter displays detection and tracking algorithms Edge detection Blood vessels Image segmentation Image analysis Convolution Algorithm development Information technology Automatic tracking

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QUICKTRACK

QUICKTRACK

引用

5TH CONF ON SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS

作者： JANSSENS, TJ California Lutheran Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411906

QUICKTRACK is a new track initiation algorithm for optical sensors tracking ballistic targets. It is designed to compute new tracks at the earliest moment mathematically possible to any desired accuracy up to the limiting accuracy of the data themselves. Initial testing now underway shows very promising results. Whether computational requirements in realistic cases will be lower or higher than with conventional methods is yet to be determined. QUICKTRACK can initiate confirmed 3 dimensional (3D) tracks of targets viewed by 1, 2, 3, or 4 sensors although it offers no special advantages for those targets viewed by only 1 target. In a particular case discussed where conventional track initiation needed 200 seconds of data, QUICKTRACK initiated track after only 60 seconds of data.

关键词： Sensors 3D acquisition detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Filtering (signal processing) Modeling Signal processing Missiles Optical tracking Optical sensors

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STOCHASTIC SEARCH ALGORITHM-BASED MULTILINK NEURAL-NETWORK 2

STOCHASTIC SEARCH ALGORITHM-BASED MULTILINK NEURAL-NETWORK

引用

CONF ON SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 2

作者： LANG, ZP ZHANG, Z Medical Univ. of South Carolina (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412023

In this paper we present a new network architecture based on a Multi-Link Neural Network (MLNN) model. An MLNN has a structure similar to that of a feedforward network except that each connection between a pair of nodes in the hidden layer and the output layer is made of multiple links with possibly different weight values. This results in an aggregation of a combinatorial number of subnets that themselves can be viewed as ordinary feedforward networks. For an MLNN with M hidden nodes, N output nodes, and K links for each connection, its overall connection status is represented as an MN dimensional region with K^MN sampling points in the weight space. Thus the multi-link structure defines a sampling grid over this region.A region-based search algorithm has been developed that, for problems of a complex nature, offers a better chance in locating a global minimum than the traditional backpropagation algorithm.

关键词： Error analysis Neural networks Algorithm development Artificial neural networks Optimization (mathematics) Animal model studies detection and tracking algorithms Evolutionary algorithms Network architectures Stochastic processes

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ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING FOR ACTIVE SONAR 4

ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING FOR ACTIVE SONAR

引用

4TH CONF ON ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING algorithms, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS

作者： ALSUP, JM Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

An adaptive beamforming (ABF) algorithm is described which can be used for active sonar, particularly a sonar which uses wideband source waveforms such as frequency-modulated (FM) pings, and a bistatic receiver composed of an array of acoustic sensors. The method for obtaining the sensor covariance matrix is critical to this algorithm, and one that works is described and justified. Results using real data with echoes from an undersea target are presented.

关键词： Sensors Phased arrays Matrices Active sonar Acoustics Target detection Condition numbers detection and tracking algorithms Statistical analysis Frequency modulation

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NEURAL-NETWORK PROCESSOR FOR N-MODE FIBER OPTIC SENSORS 4

NEURAL-NETWORK PROCESSOR FOR N-MODE FIBER OPTIC SENSORS

引用

4th International Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks

作者： HOU, H GROSSMAN, B FLORIDA INST TECHNOL DEPT ELECT ENGNMELBOURNEFL 32901

ISBN: (纸本)0819412015

The n-mode fiber optic sensor built has four linearly polarized (LP) modes propagating simultaneously in the fiber, producing a two-dimensional, spatially distributed output intensity pattern. When the fiber is strained, there is a change in fiber parameters. Oscillating and rotating of the pattern caused by coupling between degenerate modes is observed. Thus the processing of this type of output signal becomes one of a two-dimensional image processor. A neural network signal processor employing a back propagation algorithm was used in conjunction with the few mode fiber optic sensor to categorize the spatial output patterns from the sensor, thus converting the optical pattern to its corresponding strain value. The testing results show that the neural network processor is capable of recognizing this kind of image with good accuracy, resulting in strain accuracies within 0.7 percent.

关键词： Fiber optics sensors Neural networks Sensors Signal processing Neurons Photodetectors detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Artificial neural networks Single mode fibers

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DEFINING THE DIGITAL SKELETON

DEFINING THE DIGITAL SKELETON

引用

CONF ON VISION GEOMETRY

作者： PARKER, JR JENNINGS, C Univ. of Calgary (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819410330

The literature on computer vision contains hundreds of references to thinning or skeletonizing, but the only consistent definition for what is meant by a digital skeleton uses the medial axis transform. Most vision researchers would agree that the MAT does not yield an ideal, or in some cases even acceptable, skeleton. For example, single pixel irregularities can produce gross changes in an otherwise simple skeleton. The problem of defining what is meant by skeleton and skeletal pixel is one that has been rarely addressed, but seems crucial. Also, a great amount of past effort has gone into speeding up the thinning process without as much attention to the quality of the result, possibly because no good definition of a skeleton exists. By looking at the extensive literature on the subject some common properties of a good skeleton can be collected, but the process by which the skeleton is found should initially be ignored. This article will describe the properties of the skeleton of a binary object, both historically and by introducing new suggestions. Methods of producing skeletons from this definition will then be discussed, and simple metrics will be used to characterize the 'goodness' of the skeletons. The basic idea is that a skeleton is a global property of a binary object, and that the boundary should be used to locate the skeletal pixels.

关键词： Vision geometry Binary data Image segmentation Computer vision technology Machine vision Wavefronts Computing systems detection and tracking algorithms Image quality Computer science

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POINT CORRESPONDENCE OVER A LONG SEQUENCE OF IMAGE FRAMES

POINT CORRESPONDENCE OVER A LONG SEQUENCE OF IMAGE FRAMES

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CONF ON SENSOR FUSION AND AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

作者： ZHENG, QF CHELLAPPA, R Univ. of Maryland/College Park (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411922

An automatic ego motion compensation based point correspondence algorithm is presented. A basic problem in autonomous navigation and motion estimation is automatically detecting and tracking features over consecutive frames, a challenging problem when the camera motion is significant. In general, feature displacement over consecutive frames can be approximately decomposed into two components: (i) the displacement due to camera motion which can be compensated by image rotation, scaling, and translation; (ii) the displacement due to object motion and/or perspective projection. In this paper, we introduce a two step approach: First, the motion of the camera is estimated using a computational vision based image registration algorithm. Then consecutive frames are transformed to the same coordinate system and the feature correspondence problem is solved as one of tracking moving objects using a still camera. Methods for subpixel accuracy feature matching and tracking are introduced. The approach results in a robust and efficient algorithm. Results on several real image sequences are presented.

关键词： Cameras Motion estimation detection and tracking algorithms Sensor fusion Aerospace engineering Automatic tracking Image registration Image fusion Computer vision technology Image sensors

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