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COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERCEPTION AIDS PULMONARY-NODULE detection

COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERCEPTION AIDS PULMONARY-NODULE DETECTION

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Conference on Image Perception: Medical Imaging 1994

作者： NODINE, CF KUNDEL, HL UNIV PENN PENDERGRASS LABPHILADELPHIAPA 19104

ISBN: (纸本)0819414611

We have been monitoring the eye fixations of radiologists in order to identify why errors occur in the detection of pulmonary nodules. From these studies we have concluded that most errors are due not to overlooking, but to failure to report nodules that have been fixated by the eyes, often for prolonged gaze durations. Observers visually attend to the nodule, perhaps even apply decision criteria, but falsely decide that it is not the target of search. Because omission errors are associated with clusters of eye fixations having prolonged gaze durations, visual dwell can be used to predict the locations of potentially-missed nodules. A computer-assisted perception (CAP) algorithm has been developed to localize potential lung nodules based on measuring the durations of clusters of eye fixations during search for nodules. In an experiment to test the effectiveness of CAP, observers' eye-position was recorded during initial image reading. This was followed by CAP which consisted of playing back the highlighted locations of prolonged dwells indicating sites of potentially-missed nodules. The observers evaluated each CAP site for nodules and revised their initial decisions. For comparison, the same observers read the images a second time, after a two- month interval, without CAP in a counterbalanced design. The CAP condition resulted in a 16 percent increase in detection performance (AFROC) compared to the non-CAP condition.

关键词： Eye Visualization detection and tracking algorithms Lung Algorithm development Chest Image enhancement Signal detection Target detection Cancer

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OPTOELECTRONIC IMAGE-PROCESSORS

OPTOELECTRONIC IMAGE-PROCESSORS

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4TH ANNUAL CONF ON OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION

作者： GIBIN, IS Siberian Optical Systems Research Institute (Russia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411957

Some hybrid (analogue—digital) optoelectronic image processing system are considerecL Optical correlation processors with the pro— grammable trans-Formation core forming are proposed. Optical processor operation in the matrix—vector multiplication mode is discussed. A comparision analysis of optical image processors and digital universal and matrix calculators is carried outS.

关键词： Image processing Digital image processing Optoelectronics Computing systems Image analysis Optical pattern recognition Digital image correlation Image filtering Modulators detection and tracking algorithms

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Dynamic resource allocation for target tracking in sensor and robot networks

Dynamic resource allocation for target tracking in sensor an...

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Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV

作者： Shan, XN Tan, JD Michigan Technol Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Houghton MI 49931 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457639

Sensor network is generally composed of a set of sensors with limited computation capability and power supply. Thus. a well-defined allocation scheme is essential for maintaining the whole sensor network. This paper investigates the dynamic resource allocation problem in a sensor and robot networks for mobile target tracking tasks. Most of sensors will be in sleep mode except for the ones that can contribute for tracking. The sensor network resource allocation is achieved by a hierarchical structure-clustering. Upon detecting an interested event, a set of sensors form a cluster. Only cluster members will be activated during the tracking task. The cluster headship and membership will be updated based on the target's movement properties. In this paper, the clustering algorithm considers sensing area with communication holes and a routing tree is set up within the cluster. For a cluster with communication and/or sensing holes, mobile sensors will be deployed to enhance the sensing and communication capability in the clustering area. Simulations have been used to verify the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Sensors Sensor networks Head detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Mobile communications Computer simulations Homeland security Signal processing Computer engineering

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On-sky speckle nulling with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO (SCExAO) instrument 4

On-sky speckle nulling with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme...

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Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV

作者： Martinache, Frantz Guyon, Olivier Jovanocif, Nemanja Clergeon, Christophe Singh, Garima Kudo, Tomoyuki Observatoire Cote dAzur Lab Lagrange UMR 3972 F-06304 Nice France Subaru Telescope Hilo HI 96720 USA Univ Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496164

Contrast limit for the direct imaging of extrasolar planets from ground based adaptive optics (AO) observations is set by the presence of static and slow-varying aberrations in the optical path that lead to the science instrument. To complement the otherwise highly successful angular differential imaging (ADI) technique toward small angular separation, we propose to employ additional wavefront control to modulate the diffraction. This flexible approach introduces enough diversity to discriminate genuine structures of the observed target from spurious diffraction features in the image. One possible implementation of such form of coherence differential imaging (CDI) is a speckle nulling algorithm that iteratively suppresses diffraction features inside a region constrained by the number of active elements of the deformable mirror modulating the wavefront, and the coronagraph. This paper presents on-sky results obtained with this approach, on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO (SCExAO) instrument.

关键词： Speckle Wavefronts Coronagraphy Adaptive optics Calibration Cameras Wavefront sensors detection and tracking algorithms Phase measurement Telescopes

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Denoising HSI images for standoff target detection

Denoising HSI images for standoff target detection

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20th SPIE Conference on algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery

作者： Wilson, Steven Latifi, Shahram Univ Nevada Dept Elect & Comp Engn Las Vegas NV 89154 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628410259

Hyperspectral image denoising methods aim to improve the spatial and spectral quality of the image to increase the effectiveness of target detection algorithms Comparing denoising methods is difficult, because sometimes authors have compared their algorithms to simple methods such as Wiener filter and wavelet thresholding. We would like to compare only the most effective methods for standoff target detection using sampled training spectra. Our overall goal is to implement an HSI algorithm to detect possible weapons and shielding materials in a scene, using a lab collected library of materials spectra. Selection of a suitable method is based on PSNR, classification accuracy, and time complexity. Since our goal is target detection, classification accuracy is more emphasized;however, an algorithm that requires large processing time would not be effective for the purpose of real-time detection. Elapsed time between HSI data collection and its processing could allow changes or movement in the scene, decreasing the validity of results. Based on our study, the First Order Roughness Penalty algorithm provides computation time of less than 2 seconds, but only provides an overall accuracy of 88% for the Indian Pines dataset. The Spectral Spatial Adaptive Total Variation method increases overall accuracy to almost 97%, but requires a computation time of over 50 seconds. For standoff target detection, Spectral Spatial Adaptive Total Variation is preferable, because it increases the probability of classification. By increasing the percentage of weapons materials that are correctly identified, further actions such as inspection or interception can be determined with confidence.

关键词： Denoising Target detection detection and tracking algorithms Wavelets Standoff detection Weapons Filtering (signal processing) Signal to noise ratio Wavelet transforms Library classification systems

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USE OF A DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATOR (SLAM) FOR LAN MODELIZATION

USE OF A DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATOR (SLAM) FOR LAN MODELIZATIO...

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Conference on Broadband Networks - Strategies and Technologies

作者： ABOUCHI, N GRISEL, R CPE ICPIDEPT ELECTRF-69288 LYON 02FRANCE

ISBN: (纸本)0819418013

Performance evaluation of access methods for Local Area Networks (LAN), can only be partially studied by the mean of classical mathematical methods. Random simulation, based on discrete events, can take into account all the specifications without simplifying them. A study of the simulation language SLAM has demonstrated that this tool can be easily studied for this kind of problem. The first part of the paper will deal with a short description of SLAM facilities. In the second part, we will discuss of the modelling of the most common used methods for access control for LAN, token-passing and CSMA/CD. The third part will give examples of protocol analysis and model validations.

关键词： Local area networks Computer simulations Modeling Failure analysis Binary data detection and tracking algorithms Multiplexing Performance modeling Mathematical modeling Visualization

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Present challenges and solutions in sampling and correction for 45 nm

Present challenges and solutions in sampling and correction ...

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26th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology

作者： Graur, Ioana Al-Imam, Mohamed LaCour, Pat IBM Corp Div Microbiol Hopewell Jct NY 12533 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464446

Conventional OPC, also known as site-based OPC, has relied on rules-based fragmentation and site placement since its inception. The issues that arose in earlier generations around imprecise site and fragmentation placement, relative to the exact location of proximity effects, has been illustrated in earlier works [1] but generally did not produce catastrophic results. However, when coupled with the large process biases, strong RET, and accuracy requirements for 45 nm and future nodes, this imprecision can produce catastrophic results. This work will report on efforts to use model-directed site and fragmentation placement, as well as inclusion of process window knowledge into the site-based OPC flow to address varied sources of errors and relative results with different approaches. In addition to the conventional site-based OPC, a new breed of tool that avoids sites in favor of fully gridded, or dense, simulation is rapidly maturing. The new approach allows more intelligence to be built into the OPC engine such that fragmentation and error sampling are more automated and thus less error prone. Using the same layout data, we will also present a snapshot of the new tool's results.

关键词： Optical proximity correction Tolerancing Photovoltaics Printing Computer simulations Resolution enhancement technologies Visualization detection and tracking algorithms Manufacturing Photomasks

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Yellow substances in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine: Implications for ocean color algorithms.

Yellow substances in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine...

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Conference on Ocean Optics XIII

作者： Yentsch, CS Phinney, DA Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sciences (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081942367X

We believe that the coastal estuaries of the Gulf of Maine during spring runoff are among the worst possible cases for the measurement of phytoplankton chlorophyll by satellite colorimetry. Five coastal sections were sampled during, May, 1996, extending from the 100m isobath shoreward to the mouths of major rivers in the southern Gulf of Maine. Maine. Water columns were dominated by short wavelength absorbing materials of terrestrial origin (yellow substances) which, like many coastal areas, are inversely correlated with salinity. Excluding water absorption which is negligible at short visible wavelengths, we have modeled the system using two major absorbers: dissolved yellow substances and particulates. In Gulf elf Maine coastal waters during spring, 80-90% of the total absorption coefficient at short visible wavelengths is due to yellow substances. At salinities greater than 30 parts per thousand and at wavelengths longer than 450nm, the dominance of dissolved yellow substances decreases.

关键词： Absorption Water Reflectivity Remote sensing Optical filters Absorption filters detection and tracking algorithms Mouth Ocean optics Sensors

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ROBUST OBJECT detection UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS

ROBUST OBJECT DETECTION UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIO...

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CONF ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION 10 : algorithms AND TECHNIQUES

作者： MAEDA, E ISHII, K NTT Human Interface Labs. (Japan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819407445

We present a method which is robust to environmental conditions, that detects the existence of space filling objects such as cars, people, etc. This method is unaffected by uniform or local variations in image brightness induced by lighting conditions, weather, shadow of other objects such as buildings, trees, clouds, etc. Moreover, it does not depend on the position, size, or background pattern of the regions, or the shapes and color of the objects to be detected. The method consists of the following processes. Normalize brightness of the target and the reference image using mean and variance of the brightness in respective regions. The reference image is the image which represents the background scene without objects and is taken from the same camera position as the target images. Calculate normalized principal component features from both sets of normalized image brightness. Use the features to construct a classifier by statistical learning. The proposed features are determined by the variance and covariance of brightness of both images. They are a better measure of the correspondence of two images than conventional features such as the correlation coefficient of image brightness or statistics calculated from a difference image. The method is applied to car detection in a parking lot. The experimental images were collected over a one year period under various conditions. At least 98% of the cars were always correctly detected. Application to moving-car detection and person detection in a hall are presented. Since the proposed algorithm for object detection is robust under various environmental conditions and is object independent, it is well suited to a wide range of facilities offering automatic surveillance, automatic counting, automatic recognition of scene situation, etc.

关键词： detection and tracking algorithms Machine vision Environmental sensing Robots Robot vision Computer vision technology Mahalanobis distance Cameras Error analysis Infrared imaging

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EXTRACTION OF EDGE-BASED AND REGION-BASED FEATURES FOR OBJECT RECOGNITION 12

EXTRACTION OF EDGE-BASED AND REGION-BASED FEATURES FOR OBJEC...

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12th Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision: algorithms and Techniques

作者： COUTTS, B RAVI, S HU, GZ SHRIKHANDE, N CENT MICHIGAN UNIV DEPT COMP SCIMT PLEASANTMI 48858

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

One of the central problems of computer vision is object recognition. A catalogue of model objects is described as a set of features such as edges and surfaces. The same features are extracted from the scene and matched against the models for object recognition. Edges and surfaces extracted from the scenes are often noisy and imperfect. In this paper algorithms are described for improving low level edge and surface features. Existing edge extraction algorithms are applied to the intensity image to obtain edge features. Initial edges are traced by following directions of the current contour. These are improved by using corresponding depth and intensity information for decision making at branch points. Surface fitting routines are applied to the range image to obtain planar surface patches. An algorithm of region growing is developed that starts with a coarse segmentation and uses quadric surface fitting to iteratively merge adjacent regions into quadric surfaces based on approximate orthogonal distance regression. Surface information obtained is returned to the edge extraction routine to detect and remove fake edges. This process repeats until no more merging or edge improvement can take place. Both synthetic (with Gaussian noise) and real images containing multiple object scenes have been tested using the merging criteria. Results appeared quite encouraging.

关键词： Edge detection Object recognition Image segmentation Algorithm development Feature extraction detection and tracking algorithms Image processing algorithms and systems Computer vision technology Machine vision Visual process modeling

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