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检索条件"主题词=Detection and tracking algorithms"

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DATA ASSOCIATION PROBLEMS POSED AS MULTIDIMENSIONAL ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS - ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT 2

DATA ASSOCIATION PROBLEMS POSED AS MULTIDIMENSIONAL ASSIGNME...

引用

CONF ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION 2

作者： POORE, AB RIJAVEC, N BARKER, TN MUNGER, M Colorado State Univ. (United States) Rome Labs. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411914

The ever-increasing demand in surveillance is to produce highly accurate target and track identification and estimation in real-time, even for dense target scenarios and in regions of high track contention. The use of multiple sensor, through more varied information, has the potential to greatly enhance target identification and state estimation. For multitarget tracking, the processing of multiple scans all at once yields high track identification. However, to achieve this accurate state estimation and track identification, one must solve an NP-hard data association problem of partitioning observations into tracks and false alarms in real-time. The primary objective in this work is to formulate a general class of these data association problems as a multidimensional assignment problem to which new, fast, near-optimal, Lagrangian relaxation based algorithms are applicable. The dimension of the formulated assignment problem corresponds to the number of data sets, and the constraints define a feasible partition of the data sets. The linear objective function is developed from Bayesian estimation and is the negative log likelihood function, so that the optimal solution yields the maximum likelihood estimate. After formulating this general class of problems, the equivalence between solving data association problems by these multidimensional assignment problems and by the currently most popular method of multiple hypothesis tracking is established. Track initiation and track maintenance using an N-scan sliding window are then used as illustrations.

关键词： Target detection Data fusion Logic Sensors Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Information operations Sensor fusion Composites Target recognition

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Fully polarimetric data from the ARL RailSAR 20

Fully polarimetric data from the ARL RailSAR

引用

Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XX

作者： Ranney, Kenneth Kirose, Getachew Phelan, Brian Sherbondy, Kelly US Army Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA Penn State Univ State Coll PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510600706

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently upgraded the indoor, rail-mounted synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, RailSAR, to enable collection of large amounts of low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) data. Our intent is to provide a research tool that is capable of emulating airborne SAR configuration and associated data collection geometries against surrogate explosive hazard threat deployments. By having such a capability, ARL's facility will afford a more rapid response to the ever changing improvised characteristics associated with explosive hazards today and in the future. Therefore, upgrades to this RailSAR tool to improve functionality and performance are needed to meet the potential rapid response assessments to be carried out. The new, lighter RailSAR cart puts less strain on the radar positioning hardware and allows the system to move smoothly along a specified portion of the rail. In previous papers, we have presented co-polarized SAR data collected using the ARL RailSAR. Recently, however, researchers at ARL have leveraged this asset to collect polarimetric data against multiple targets. This paper presents the SAR imagery resulting from these experiments and documents characteristics of certain target signatures that should be of interest to developers of automatic target detection (ATD) algorithms.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar Polarimetry Radar Metals Target detection Algorithm development detection and tracking algorithms Explosives Land mines Analytical research

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PARALLEL SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS TO THE DESIGN OF A GENERAL ARCHITECTURE - APPLICATION TO THE IMAGE-PROCESSING 16

PARALLEL SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS TO THE DESIGN OF A GENERAL AR...

引用

CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 16

作者： BONNIN, P HOELTZENERDOUARIN, B AUBIN, N CARTIER, S PORCHER, T FIORINI, P ZAVIDOVIQUE, B Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement and Univ. de Paris XIII (France) Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement (France) Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement and Univ. de Paris XI (France)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412775

A great number of parallel computer architectures have been proposed, whether they are SIMD machines (Single Instruction Multiple Data) with lots of quite simple processors, or MIMD machines (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data) containing few, but powerful processors. Each one claims to offer some kind of an optimality at the hardware level. But implementing parallel image processing algorithms to make them run in real time will remain a real challenge; it addresses rather the control of communication networks between processors (message passing, circuit switching..) or the computing model (e.g. data parallel model). In that respect, our goal here is to point out some algorithmic needs to distribute image processing operators. They will be translated first in terms of programming models, more general then image processing applications, and then as hardware properties of the processor network. In that way, we do not design yet another parallel machine dedicated to image processing, but a more general parallel architecture which one will be able to efficiently implement different kinds of programming models.

关键词： Image processing Data modeling Image segmentation Computer programming Digital image processing Computer architecture Sensors detection and tracking algorithms Edge detection Image processing algorithms and systems

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OBJECT detection IN REAL-TIME

OBJECT DETECTION IN REAL-TIME

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CONF ON MOBILE ROBOTS 5

作者： SOLDER, U GRAEFE, V Univ. der Bundeswehr Muenchen (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819404551

An algorithm working on monocular gray-scale image sequences for object detection combined with a road tracker is presented. This algorithm appropriate for the real-time demands of an autonomous car driving with speeds over 40 km/h may be used for triggering obstacle avoidance maneuvers such as coming to a safe stop automatically in front of an obstacle or following another car. Moving and static objects have been detected in real-world experiments on various types of roads even under unfavorable weather conditions. . Morgenthaler and

关键词： Roads Cameras Sensors Mobile robots detection and tracking algorithms Computing systems Image processing Video Imaging systems Radon

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STOCHASTIC RECOGNITION OF CLOSED OBJECT BOUNDARIES IN IMAGES 4

STOCHASTIC RECOGNITION OF CLOSED OBJECT BOUNDARIES IN IMAGES

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4TH CONF ON IMAGE ALGEBRA AND MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

作者： HELTERBRAND, JD CRESSIE, NAC Iowa State Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412791

Engineering-based edge detection techniques generally use local intensity information to identify whether a pixel location is part of a boundary. Boundaries are presumed present where sharp transitions in the observed intensities occur. Unfortunately, these approaches are sensitive to error and hidden partial boundaries, which hinder the determination of closed object boundaries. In this research, a method to obtain statistically optimal closed object boundaries is presented.

关键词： Annealing Image processing Monte Carlo methods Stochastic processes algorithms Image restoration Object recognition detection and tracking algorithms Edge detection Image analysis

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NEW REAL-TIME PARALLEL THINNING ALGORITHM USING CONVOLUTION APPROACH 2

NEW REAL-TIME PARALLEL THINNING ALGORITHM USING CONVOLUTION ...

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Conference on Image and Video Processing II

作者： QING, KP MEANS, RW HNC INC SAN DIEGOCA 92122

ISBN: (纸本)0819414778

A new parallel thinning algorithm is proposed here that is based on a convolution approach. This algorithm works for both four neighbor and eight neighbor connectivity. This algorithm gives good results and requires very little computation time if we exploit a high speed convolutional processor such as HNC's Vision Processor (ViP). The algorithm executes in a parallel fashion using 3 X 3 convolutions. It checks all possible 512 patterns within the 3 X 3 windows in each pass where each pass takes less than 7 milliseconds with the ViP. To maintain original connectivity, we divide the 100 patterns into two large and four small groups that avoid possible conflict. The high speed (70 milliseconds for most 512 X 512 images with objects that have a 10 pixel width or less) is due to the parallelism in HNC's ViP chip and enables real time applications. Because this algorithm takes advantage of the current VLSI technology, it checks as many as 512 patterns at the same time using a lookup table and provides the best result.

关键词： Convolution Image processing Video processing Electroluminescence Lithium Osmium Very large scale integration Adaptive optics detection and tracking algorithms Silicon

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OPTICAL MULTILAYER NEURAL NETWORKS 3

OPTICAL MULTILAYER NEURAL NETWORKS

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CONF ON OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND ARCHITECTURES 3

作者： PSALTIS, D YONG, Q California Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819406929

In order to implement fully adaptive optical multilayer neural networks, a number of issues involving both learning algorithms and device technologies need to be addressed. In this paper, we present some important modifications to existing learning algorithms that serve to simplify optical architectures and allow the use of simple optical devices.

关键词： Neurons Neural networks detection and tracking algorithms Optical signal processing Sensors Adaptive optics Evolutionary algorithms Optical components Signal detection Spatial light modulators

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VISION-BASED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS

VISION-BASED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS

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1993 SPIE Technical Conference on Telemanipulator Technology and Space Telerobotics

作者： DEFIGUEIREDO, RJP MACCATO, A WLCZEK, P DENNEY, B SCHEERER, J MASSIMINO, M KESLER, L UNIV CALIF IRVINE DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNIRVINECA 92717

ISBN: (纸本)0819413224

This paper describes a robotic system which accepts motion and control commands which can be generated autonomously. The system developed has been designed to perform an autonomous grapple based on guidance control feedback provided by an image from a single camera mounted on the slave robot's end effector. The vision system consists of three parts. The first signature based, trained on an arbitrary grapple interface (i.e., no special targets are required for guidance), and provides estimates for the 3D attitude by interpolating sampled signature correlations. These signatures are essentially the distribution of line orientations obtained by radial integration of the FFT of a pre-processed edge image. The second part estimates the range and bearing of the interface based on the first and second moments of the preprocessed edge image of the interface. And the third stage of the algorithm verifies the results.

关键词： Cameras detection and tracking algorithms Space robots Image processing 3D modeling Interfaces Robotic systems 3D acquisition Image segmentation Space operations

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Exploiting context in mammograms: A hierarchical neural network for detecting microcalcifications

Exploiting context in mammograms: A hierarchical neural netw...

引用

Conference on Image Processing - Medical Imaging 1996

作者： Sajda, P Spence, CD Pearson, JC Nishikawa, RM DAVID SARNOFF RES CTR NATL INFORMAT DISPLAY LABPRINCETONNJ 08543

ISBN: (纸本)0819420859

Microcalcifications are important cues used by radiologists for early detection in breast cancer. Individually, microcalcifications are difficult to detect, and often contextual information (e.g. clustering, location relative to ducts) can be exploited to aid in their detection. We have developed an algorithm for constructing a hierarchical pyramid/neural network (HPNN) architecture to automatically learn context information for detection. To test the HPNN we first examined if the hierarchical architecture improves detection of individual microcalcifications and if context is in fact extracted by the network hierarchy. We compared the performance of our hierarchical architecture versus a single neural network receiving input from all resolutions of a feature pyramid. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that the hierarchical architecture reduces false positives by a factor of two. We examined hidden units at various levels of the processing hierarchy and found what appears to be representations of ductal location. We next investigated the utility of the HPNN if integrated as part of a complete computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for microcalcification detection, such as that being developed at the University of Chicago. Using ROC analysis, we tested the HPNN's ability to eliminate false positive regions of interest generated by the computer, comparing its performance to the neural network currently used in the Chicago system. The HPNN achieves an area under the ROC curve of Az equal to .94 and a false positive fraction of FPF equal to .21 at TPF equals 1.0. This is in comparison to the results reported for the Chicago network; Az equal to .91, FPF equal to .43 at TPF equal to 1.0. These differences are statistically significant. We conclude that the HPNN algorithm is able to utilize contextual information for improving microcalcifications detection and potentially reduce the false positive rates in CAD systems.

关键词： Neural networks Network architectures CAD systems Mammography Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Electronic filtering Computing systems Data hiding Breast detection and tracking algorithms

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An un-cooled thermal array based detector as an advanced security sensor

An un-cooled thermal array based detector as an advanced sec...

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Conference on Sensors and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense III

作者： Dimmer, A IRISYS Towcester NN12 6AD Northants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819453269

A 16x16 un-cooled thermal array based detector (ABD) offers the prospect of a new generation of security sensors, with high false alarm rejection and the ability to detect, track and count the number of intruders. The IRISYS array provides the ability not simply to detect an intruder, but by tracking them as a true moving target discriminate between real and false alarm sources. Target processing is carried out within the sensor allowing the position and size of each target within the field of view to be generated. The location and size for each target is output as a low bandwidth data message suitable for transmission over alarm signalling networks. A central security management system or alarm receiving centre display would provide an operator with an intruder count per room, a pseudo `visual' display of targets and locations, show target vectors on a graphical display and track targets from room to room, allowing an appropriate response to be initiated. Taking the same concepts into external detection, should allow discrimination of humans versus animals or vermin and afford a high level of reasoning to reject environmentally generated false alarms. In external detection applications using the ABD as a trigger for CCTV, intruder location data would be used to steer and zoom a PTZ camera to achieve an identification view. As auto tracking features are added to the latest dome cameras the ABD's ability to track and output simultaneous data from multiple targets will steer a camera between several intruders.

关键词： Sensors Target detection Cameras Detector arrays Computer security Infrared sensors detection and tracking algorithms Homeland security Infrared radiation Thermography

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