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Landmine-detection prescreeners based on feature-level fusion of SAR and HSI data

Landmine-detection prescreeners based on feature-level fusio...

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Conference on detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XII

作者： Ranney, Kenneth USA Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466754

Many automatic target detection (ATD) algorithm suites include a prescreener as an initial link in their processing chains. It assists the downstream algorithms by eliminating many potential false alarms while still retaining a large percentage of the objects of interest, thereby allowing for greater specialization by the downstream algorithms. Many such prescreeners have been implemented for individual sensors-for example the constant false alarm rate detectors of radar systems or the RX (Reed-Xiaoli) detection algorithms of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems. In this paper we examine straightforward methods for fusing the outputs from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and HSI prescreeners to create a multi-sensor prescreening algorithm. We begin by examining the sensor phenomenology for a specific operational scenario, and we incorporate this phenomenological information into both the individual sensor prescreener designs and the final fusion algorithm design. We describe how the SAR and HSI prescreener detects are associated with one another prior to fusion. Finally, we describe multiple fusion methodologies-namely a method based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and a method based on a Bayesian approach under an assumption of independence. We compare results from each fusion algorithm with those obtained using a single sensor.

关键词： Sensors Synthetic aperture radar detection and tracking algorithms Data fusion Image sensors Target detection Algorithm development Image processing Radar Land mines

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Implementing advanced image processing technology in sensor systems for security and surveillance - art. no. 67410W

Implementing advanced image processing technology in sensor ...

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting III

作者： Riley, Tom Bernhardt, Mark Cowell, Catherine Hickman, Duncan Smith, Moira Waterfall Solut Ltd Guildford GU2 9JX Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468994

The range and scope of electro-optical (EO) sensor systems within security and surveillance (S&S) is growing, and this places a corresponding demand on the image processing functionality required to meet end users' requirements. Increasingly, these requirements include the ability to monitor wide areas with multiple affordable cameras, and for good quality imagery to be available 24-hours a day. This paper presents the results from some real-time systems which offer this capability, and focuses on a number of the image processing techniques used to deliver a high-quality, wide-angle, day/night capability. These include the production of a seamless image mosaic from multiple sensors, the removal of artefacts from scenes, enhancements to-take account of changing environmental conditions, and a means of allowing the system to automatically focus on an area of interest highlighted by an operator. In addition, the cost of some high-performance S&S systems may be reduced by omitting physical calibration elements and performing sensor calibration using scene-derived data instead, and so a method for achieving this is also reported. The paper considers both the theoretical aspects of the algorithms presented and the issues involved-in real-time implementation for S&S applications.

关键词： Sensors Image processing Image sensors Imaging systems Cameras Image enhancement Nonuniformity corrections Surveillance detection and tracking algorithms Light sources and illumination

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Consistent detection and identification of individuals in a large camera network

引用

Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks IV

作者： Colombo, Alberto Leung, Valerie Orwell, James Velastin, Sergio A. Kingston Univ. (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468949

In the wake of an increasing number of terrorist attacks, counter-terrorism measures are now a main focus of many research programmes. An important issue for the police is the ability to track individuals and groups reliably through underground stations, and in the case of post-event analysis, to be able to ascertain whether specific individuals have been at the station previously. While there exist many motion detection and tracking algorithms, the reliable deployment of them in a large network is still ongoing research. Specifically, to track individuals through multiple views, on multiple levels and between levels, consistent detection and labelling of individuals is crucial. In view of these issues, we have developed a change detection algorithm to work reliably in the presence of periodic movements, e.g. escalators and scrolling advertisements, as well as a content-based retrieval technique for identification. The change detection technique automatically extracts periodically varying elements in the scene using Fourier analysis, and constructs a Markov model for the process. Training is performed online, and no manual intervention is required, making this system suitable for deployment in large networks. Experiments on real data shows significant improvement over existing techniques. The content-based retrieval technique uses MPEG-7 descriptors to identify individuals. Given the environment under which the system operates, i.e. at relatively low resolution, this approach is suitable for short timescales. For longer timescales, other forms of identification such as gait, or if the resolution allows, face recognition, will be required.

关键词： Cameras Video Video surveillance detection and tracking algorithms Calibration Process modeling RGB color model Data modeling Surveillance Algorithm development

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A 3-stranded quantum algorithm for the Jones polynomial

A 3-stranded quantum algorithm for the Jones polynomial

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Conference on Quantum Information and Computation V

作者： Kauffman, Louis H. Lomonaco, Samuel J., Jr. Univ Illinois Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci 851 S Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA UMBC Dept Comp Sci & Elect En Baltimore MD 21250 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466952

Let K be a 3-stranded knot (or link), and let L denote the number of crossings in K. Let epsilon(1) and epsilon(2) be two positive real numbers such that epsilon(2) <= 1. In this paper, we create two algorithms for computing the value of the Jones polynomial V-K (t) at all points t = exp, (i phi) of the unit circle in the complex plane such that vertical bar phi vertical bar <= <= 2 pi/3. The first algorithm, called the classical 3-stranded braid (3-SB) algorithm, is a classical deterministic algorithm that has time complexity O (L). The second, called the quantum 3-SB algorithm, is a quantum algorithm that computes an estimate of V-K (exp (i phi)) within a precision of epsilon(1) with a probability of success bounded below by 1 - epsilon(2). The execution time complexity of this algorithm is O (nL), where n is the ceiling function of (In (4/epsilon(2) ))/2 epsilon 2/1 The compilation time complexity, i.e., an asymptotic measure of the amount of time to assemble the hardware that executes the algorithm, is O (L).

关键词： Quantum computing Quantum communications Algorithm development algorithms Computer science Computing systems detection and tracking algorithms Electrical engineering Mathematics Quantum information

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An occlusion robust likelihood integration method for multi-camera people head tracking

An occlusion robust likelihood integration method for multi-...

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Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXV - algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision

作者： Matsumoto, Yusuke Kato, Takekazu Wada, Toshikazu Wakayama Univ Grad Sch Syst Engn Wakayama 6408510 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469243

This paper presents a novel method for human head tracking using multiple cameras. Most existing methods estimate 3D target position according to 2D tracking results at different viewpoints. This framework can be easily affected by the inconsistent tracking results on 2D images, which leads 3D tracking failure. For solving this problem, an extension of CONDENSATION Using multiple images has been proposed. The method generates many hypotheses on a target (human head) in 3D space and estimates the likelihood of each hypothesis by integrating viewpoint dependent likelihood values of 2D hypotheses projected onto image planes. In theory, viewpoint dependent likelihood values should be integrated by multiplication, however, it is easily affected by occlusions. Thus we investigate this problem and propose a novel likelihood integration method in this paper and implemented a prototype system consisting of six sets of a PC and a camera. We confirmed the robustness against occlusions.

关键词： Head Cameras 3D image processing 3D acquisition detection and tracking algorithms Prototyping 3D modeling Automatic tracking Imaging systems Lead

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Fast processing of imaging spectrometer data cube based on FPGA design - art. no. 678708

Fast processing of imaging spectrometer data cube based on F...

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5th International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

作者： Luo, Yongdao Liao, Ningfang Wang, Xinquan Liang, Minyong Fen, Jie Yang, Ping Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat Sci & Technol Dept Opt Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469519

This paper presents a hardware-based implementation, which is specially designed for fast processing data cube of the novel imaging spectrometer, the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII). CTII is the combination of the conventional Fourier Transformation Imaging Spectrometer (FTIS) and the Computed-Tomography Imaging;Spectrometer (CTIS). CTII retains the advantages of both FTIS and CTIS such as high etendue, high spectral resolution. The price paid for above advantages is much enormous amounts of calculation compared with FTIS and CTIS. The CTII algorithm mainly includes two processing parts. One is Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) Algorithm, the other is the Convolution Back-Projection (CBP) Algorithm. Since these two parts can be dealt separately, we introduced the pipeline processing technology. In this paper, we develop a hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm to improve its computational performance by resorting to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) reconfigurable boards. The;proposed FPGA design represents our first step toward the development of a system for onboard analysis of CTII hyperspectral imagery. The results we obtained demonstrate that the concept of the Computed-Tomography Imaging Interferometer (CTII) is correct, and the hardware-based version of the CTII algorithm is high efficiency in processing CTII data cube.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Spectroscopy Data processing Convolution Interferometers Image processing Algorithm development Spectral resolution detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral imaging

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Merging Markov and DCT features for multi-class JPEG steganalysis

Merging Markov and DCT features for multi-class JPEG stegana...

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9th Conference on Security, Steganigraphy, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents

作者： Pevny, Tomas Fridrich, Jessica SUNY Binghamton Dept Comp Sci Binghamton NY 13901 USA SUNY Binghamton Dept Elect & Comp Engn Binghamton NY 13902 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466181

Blind steganalysis based on classifying feature vectors derived from images is becoming increasingly more powerful. For steganalysis of JPEG images, features derived directly in the embedding domain from DCT coefficients appear to achieve the best performance (e.g., the DCT features(10) and Markov features(21)). The goal of this paper is to construct a new multi-class JPEG steganalyzer with markedly improved performance. We do so first by extendina the 23 DCT feature set,(10) then applying calibration to the Markov features described in (21) and reducing their dimension. The resulting feature sets are merged, producing a 274-dimensional feature vector. The new feature set is then used to construct a Support Vector Machine multi-classifier capable of assigning stego images to six popular steganographic algorithms-F5,(22) OutGuess,(18) Model Based Steganography without,(19) and with(20) deblocking, JP Hide&-Seek,(1) and Steghide.(14) Comparing to our previous work on multi-classification,(11,12) the new feature set provides significantly more reliable results.

关键词： Calibration Steganalysis Binary data Steganography Matrices Image compression detection and tracking algorithms Digital watermarking Image processing Image quality

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Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam framework via virtual object reconstruction

Planar tomosynthesis reconstruction in a parallel-beam frame...

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Medical Imaging 2007 Conference

作者： Nett, Brian E. Leng, Shuai Chen, Guang-Hong Univ Wisconsin Dept Med Phys 1530 Med Sci Ctr Madison WI 53704 USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Radiol Madison WI 53792 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466280

A framework for image reconstruction from planar tomosynthesis trajectories (i.e. all source positions reside in a single plane) is presented. The parallel beam geometry is a convenient starting point in deriving reconstruction algorithms, both analytic and iterative, as the relation between frequency space and image space is well known. We present a method for utilizing parallel beam reconstruction algorithms in an internally consistent manner. The concept of a virtual image object is utilized. This virtual image object has the property that cone-beam projections through the real object are directly related to parallel-beam projections of the virtual object. The virtual object may then be reconstructed using any algorithm derived for parallel beam projections. Finally, an affine transform may be applied to the virtual image object in order to generate the reconstruction result. In the implementation described here the backprojection operation is performed such that the real image object is reconstructed without introducing a rebinning in image space. Image reconstruction comparisons are given for a standard filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithm where parallel projections were assumed in the algorithm derivation. Numerical simulations were performed for a C-arm type geometry and parallel beam FBP reconstructions using the virtual object are compared with the standard backprojection algorithm.. Finally, a comparison was made between the new parallel beam reconstruction and the standard approximation where the cone-beams are assumed to be approximately parallel beams and a cone-beam backprojection is employed. A reduction in streaking artifacts was observed using the new algorithm compared with the standard approximation.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Sensors Algorithm development Image filtering Optical spheres detection and tracking algorithms Signal attenuation Data acquisition Image restoration Virtual reality

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Flexibility-based structural damage identification using Gauss-Newton method

Flexibility-based structural damage identification using Gau...

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Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems

作者： Chen, Bilei Nagarajaiah, Satish Rice Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn 6100 Main St Houston TX 77005 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466501

Structural damage will change the dynamic characteristics, including natural frequencies, modal shapes, damping ratios and modal flexibility matrix of the structure. Modal flexibility matrix is a function of natural frequencies and mode shapes and can be used for structural damage detection and health monitoring. In this paper, experimental modal flexibility matrix is obtained from the first few lower measured natural frequencies and incomplete modal shapes. The optimization problem is then constructed by minimizing Frobenius norm of the change of flexibility matrix. Gauss-Newton method is used to solve the optimization problem, where the sensitivity of flexibility matrix with respect to structural parameters is calculated iteratively by only using the first few lower modes. The optimal solution corresponds to structural parameters which can be used to identify damage sites and extent. Numerical results show that flexibility-based method can be successfully applied to identify the damage elements and is robust to measurement noise.

关键词： Damage detection Chemical elements Optimization (mathematics) Sensors Aluminum detection and tracking algorithms Optical inspection Bridges Buildings Distance measurement

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Multilevel surround inhibition a biologically inspired contour detector

Multilevel surround inhibition a biologically inspired conto...

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Conference on Image Processing - algorithms and Systems V

作者： Papari, Giuseppe Campisi, Patrizio Petkov, Nicolai Univ Groningen Inst Math & Comp Sci NL-9700 AB Groningen Netherlands Univ Roma Roma Tre Dipartimento Elettron Appl Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466105

Canny edge detector is based both on local and global image analysis, present in the gradient computation and connectivity-related hysteresis thresholding, respectively. This contribution proposes a generalization of these ideas. Instead of the sole gradient magnitude, we consider several local statistics, to take into account how much texture is present around each pixel. This information is used in biologically inspired surround inhibition of texture. Global analysis is generalized by introducing a long range connectivity analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by extensive experimentation.

关键词： Sensors Binary data detection and tracking algorithms Image analysis Superposition Volume rendering Biological research Statistical analysis Data modeling Edge detection

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